Chapter 32: 1920 s Politics Name The Republican Old Guard Returns 1. Why did Harding win the presidential election of 1920? 2. Identify & describe Harding s Cabinet. GOP Reaction at the Throttle 3. How did the Supreme Court reflect the conservatism of the 1920s? 4. How did the ICC reflect a return to conservatism? The Aftermath of War 5. Describe the economic demobilization under the Harding administration. 6. Labor was suddenly deprived of the government support it had been enjoyed during WWI. Identify and describe the resulting post-war strikes and the changes in union membership in 1919 and the 20s. 7. Identify and describe the veteran s groups and their significance and their goals in the 1920s. America Seeks Benefits Without Burdens 8. What was the purpose and significance of the Washington Conference in 1921? 9. Identify the parties & summarize the major agreements of these treaties:
Five- Power Treaty Four-Power Treaty Nine-Power Treaty 10. Why were these treaties essentially toothless? 11. What was the Kellogg-Briand Pact of 1928? Who initiated this treaty and what did it provide? What was the major problem of this Treaty? Why then did many Americans consider it a major milestone in the history of civilization? Hiking the Tariff Higher 12. Economic isolationism prevailed under both the Harding and Coolidge administrations. What was it prompted by? 13. Identify the provisions and effect of the Fordney-McCumber Tariff of 1922. The Stench of Scandal 14. Identify and describe the Veterans Bureau Scandal. 15. Explain the Teapot Dome Scandal who was involved, what was the controversy, outcome, etc. 16. What was Attorney General Daugherty accused of?
Silent Cal Coolidge 17. Describe Silent, Cautious Cal and his view on government & business. Frustrated Farmers 18. Describe the changes for farmers in the 1920s. 19. Describe the provisions of the proposed McNary-Haugen Bill for famers. A Three-Way Race for the White House in 1924 20. Explain why Coolidge so easily defeated his two opponents in 1924. Foreign Policy Flounderings 21. International debt was the major foreign policy of the Coolidge Administration. a) What debts were owed to the U.S.? b) Why did the Allies protest these debts as unfair? Unraveling the Debt Knot 22. How did the Dawes Plan of 1924 seek to resolve the debt issue? 23. What was the ultimate effect of the U.S. negotiation of Allied war debts?
The Triumph of Herbert Hoover, 1928 24. Compare and contrast the candidates in this election including points on their personalities, their philosophies, their backgrounds and their positions on the major issues. Republican Democrat 25. Explain Hoover s smashing triumph in the Election of 1928. President Hoover s First Moves 26. What was the philosophy of the Hoover administration? 27. Describe Hoover s response to the outcry of farmers in the Agricultural Marketing Act. 28. What was the original purpose of the Hawley-Smoot Tariff of 1930? What actually happened? The Great Crash Ends the Golden Twenties 29. Describe the events preceding the crash and the results on October 29, 1929.
30. Describe the unemployment effects of the Crash. Hooked on the Horn of Plenty 31. Explain each of these causes of the Great Depression: a) Overproduction b) Speculative Investment / Abuse of Easy Credit c) Concentration of Wealth d) Unemployment & Underemployment e) Worldwide Depression f) Economic Policies, such as high tariffs after WWI g) Natural Disasters 32. What was a Hooverville? Rugged Times for Rugged Individualists 33. Explain Hoover s resistance to have the federal government take over relief efforts during the Depression with his philosophy of rugged indvidualism. 34. Explain Hoover s program for ending the Depression. Hoover Battles the Great Depression 35. Describe Hoover s public works programs. 36. Explain the purpose of Hoover s Reconstruction Finance Corporation (1932) how did Hoover justify this program, how did it work, etc.
Routing the Bonus Army in Washington 37. Describe the Bonus Expeditionary Force, their goals and how they attempted to achieve them. 38. Describe Hoover s response to the Bonus Army and its effect. Japanese Militarists Attack China 39. When Japan marched in and took control of Manchuria in 1931, what two treaties did this violate? 40. The League of Nations was put to the test by this action of Japan s. How did the League do on this test? 41. Explain the U.S. position in the Stimson-Hoover doctrine. What effect did this doctrine have on Japan? 42. What message do you think the U.S. and its Allies sent to leaders such as Hitler by their actions with regard to Japan? Hoover Pioneers the Good Neighbor Policy 43. What policy was Hoover trying to abandon? How did he attempt to do so and how effective were his attempts?