Isabel Plocher, M.A. Undergraduate Seminar for the Chair of International Relations and European Politics Winter Term 2007/2008 Globalization and Global Governance Although globalization is a modern catchword, it is a vague concept that needs to be defined more closely: What are the dynamics of globalization, which actors are involved, and what are its consequences? Globalization influences the problem-solving abilities of the nation-state. At the same time new modes of governance involving different actors are emerging. This forces scholars of international relations to rethink the role of the state in international policy-making and in providing a stable democratic order. In order to cover the different modes of governance and concepts, this course will use the model of Global Governance as an analytical device. The course will analyse the influence of globalization-processes on international cooperation and regulation in the areas of economy, environment and security. It will explore different modes of governance and it will require students to actively discuss the meaning and consequences of these processes. Date and Room: Tuesday, 10-12 a.m. in F348 ECTS: 6 Lecturer: Isabel Plocher, M.A. (isabel.plocher@sowi.uni-bamberg.de) Office Hours: Before and after the course; additionally apply for consultation by email. My office is in U2 (017). Conditions for participation and certificates: The examination regulations for the new Bachelor programme require that students participate in foreign-language seminars. To provide such an opportunity, this seminar will be taught in English. Presentations and coursework will have to be given in English, too. A student tutor will correct your essays for language mistakes (without influencing the final mark). A good knowledge of English is an essential requirement for participation in the seminar. The previous or parallel participation in the introductory lecture and/ or seminar is required. Regular reading of the literature and regular attendance at the seminar will be expected and controlled by random checks. All participants have to give a presentation of 10-15 minutes. To obtain a certificate, participants have to write a mid-term paper of five pages by the date of their presentation and a long essay ( Hausarbeit ) of 10-15 pages after the end of the term. Please note: The number of participants is limited to 20. Students have to register in FlexNow! to participate in the seminar. Outline 16.10.2007 Introduction 23.10.2007 The concept of globalization 30.10.2007 Globalization of world politics 6.11.2007 The concept of Global Governance 13.11.2007 Analyzing Global Governance -structures 20.11.2007 Governance of the globalized world economy: The WTO and its dispute settlement body 27.11.2007 New modes of global governance I: public-privatepartnerships 4.12.2007 New modes of global governance II: corporate social responsibility by codes of conduct 11.12.2007 The effect of globalization on environmental problems and governance by states: the Convention on Biological Diversity 18.12.2007 The modes of global governance III: The Forest Stewardship Council 8.1.2008 The role of non-governmental organisations in Global Governance 15.1.2008 The influence of globalization on security problems 22.1.2008 The Security Council and humanitarian interventions 29.1.2008 The concept of New Wars and the problem of terrorism 5.2.2008 Concluding debate 1
16.10.2007: Introduction and distribution of presentation-topics We will start with organizational matters, distribution of presentation topics and an introduction to the seminar. Furthermore, we will establish feedback categories we will use throughout the semester. 23.10.2007: The concept of globalization Although it is a modern catchword, there is no generally accepted definition of globalization. Being a concept influenced by different disciplines it is interesting to look at how globalization is defined and what aspects it includes. This lesson will provide an introduction to the phenomenon of globalization. While we will also learn about the development of the concept and the history of globalization, we will focus on actors and processes involved and explore how this influences policy-making by states and their sovereignty. The idea is to work on a common definition that will be used throughout the course. McGrew, Anthony (2005): Globalization and global politics. In: Baylis, John/ Steve Smith (Eds.): The Globalization of World Politics. An Introduction to International Relations. Oxford: OUP. p. 22-40. Willets, Peter (2005): Transnational Actors and international Organizations in Global Politics. In: Baylis, John/ Steve Smith (Eds.): The Globalization of World Politics. An Introduction to International Relations. Oxford: OUP. p. 425-445. 30.10.2007: Globalization of world Politics This session will be a bridge between the characteristics of globalization and the (theoretical) views on globalization. We will introduce two common theories of international relations (neo-realism and neo-liberalism) and explore how they deal with the phenomenon of globalization: does the phenomenon exist for them at all? Can they capture the central logic and main aspects of this process? How do they judge globalization? Apart from presenting you analytical arguments concerning international relation processes, this lesson will give you a quick overview of current theories, allowing you to place the approach this course will follow. Held, David / McGrew, Anthony / Goldblatt, David / Perreton, Jonathan (1999): Global Transformations. Politics, Economics and Culture. Stanford: Stanford University Press, p. 1-27. Lamy, Steven L. (2005): Contemporary mainstream approaches: neo-realism and neo-liberalism. In: Baylis, John/ Steve Smith (Eds.): The Globalization of World Politics. An Introduction to International Relations. Oxford: OUP, p. 207-224. Barnett, Michael (2005): Social Constructivism. In: Baylis, John/ Steve Smith (Eds.): The Globalization of World Politics. An Introduction to International Relations. Oxford: OUP, p. 252-270. 6.11.2007: The concept of Global Governance After having established a definition of globalization and analyzed trends in globalization, we will now turn to views on globalization and the theoretical evaluation of its consequences. Main aim of this lesson is to introduce the concept of Global Governance, by placing it between euphoric and sceptical views on globalization. Global Governance mainly sees globalization as a chance for development, but one that needs to be actively framed. While in this course Global Governance is used as an analytical concept, we will also explore the normative dimension of the concept. We will be defining the concept, exploring the differences of governance and government, looking at different aspects of the concept and finally asking what makes the concept useful for the analysis of globalization. Rosenau, James N. (2000): Governance in a Globalizing World. In: Held, David / McGrew, Anthony (eds.): The Global Transformations Reader. London: Polity Press, p. 181-190. 2
Zürn, Michael (2001): Political systems in the postnational constellation: Societal denationalization and multilevel governance. In: Rittberger, Volker (ed.): Global Governance and the United Nations System. Tokyo / New York United Nations University Press, p. 48-87. 13.11.2007: Analysing Global Governance -structures This lesson will explore in detail how exactly governance structures can be analysed. One focus will be on regime theory, but we will further develop an agreed set of aspects that will guide the analysis of governance structures in the issue-areas of the following lessons. We will cover forms of governance (e.g. co-governance), instruments of governance, and different orders of governance, starting with the identification of the problem, needs and capabilities related to the structural and institutional level and the norms and principles established. Hewson, Martin / Sinclair, Timothy (1999): The Emergence of Global Governance Theory. In: Hewson / Sinclair (eds.) Approaches to Global Governance Theory, Albany: State University of New York Press, p. 3-22. Levy, Marc / Young, Oran / Zürn, Michael (1995): The Study of International Regimes. In: European Journal of International Relations. 1:3, 267-330. Rosenau. James N. (2006): The Study of World Politics / 1. New York: Routledge, chapter 14 (p.120-132). 20.11.2007: Governance of the globalized world economy We will begin this topic by exploring how the world economy has changed during increasing globalization and what kind of cooperation-problem this causes. We will analyze how the states react to this cooperation problem by forming a World Trade Organization. How can the WTO regulate world trade? What are the challenges it faces? Why did states agree to the WTO s dispute settlement body, thus allowing a limitation to their sovereignty? The session will end with exploring which problems of a globalized world economy cannot be solved by the WTO. Woods, Ngaire (2000): The Political Economy of Globalization; in: Woods, Ngaire (ed.): The Political Economy of Globalization. London, New York, S. 1-12. Held, David / McGrew, Anthony / Goldblatt, David / Perreton, Jonathan (1999): Global Transformations. Politics, Economics and Culture. Stanford: Stanford University Press, p. 163-176. Matsushita, Mitsuo / Schoenbaum, Thomas J. / Mavoroidis, Petros (2003): The World Trade Organization. Law, Practice and Policy. Oxford: Oxford University Press, p. 1-17 and 17-44. 27.11.2007: New modes of global governance I: public-privatepartnerships Many of the problems caused by globalization are not addressed by state-based cooperation for various reasons. We will explore the reasons for this and analyze private-public-partnerships as a mode of regulation, where regulation is not only provided by the state, but also by the inclusion of non-state actors. While not new to national regulation, public-private-partnerships are a relatively new phenomenon in the international arena. What characterizes public-private-partnerships? In which issue-areas can they be found and how successful can they be? What questions arise concerning the relationship of market, states, and governance? After answering these questions, we will look at an example of an international PPP. 3
Börzel, Tanja / Risse, Thomas (2005): Public-Private-Partnerships: Effective and Legitimate Tools of Transnational Governance? In: Grande, Edgar / Pauly, Louis W. (ed.): Complex Sovereignty: Reconstituting Political Authority in the Twenty-first Century. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, p.195-216. Hofmann, Jeanette (2000): (Trans-)Formation of Civil Society in Global Governance Contexts Two Case Studies on the Problem of Self- Organization. In: Schuppert, Gunnar Folke (ed.): Global Governance and the Role of Non-State Actors. Baden-Baden: Nomos, p. 179-202 Conduct. In: Williams, Oliver F. (ed.): Global Codes of Conduct. An Idea Whose Time has Come. Notre Dame: Notre Dame University Press, p. 117-127. Ruggie, John G. (2002): The Theory and Practice of Learning Networks. Corporate Social Responsibility and the Global Compact. Journal of Corporate Citizenship 5, p.27-37. Golodner, Linda F. (2000): The Apparel Industry Code of Conduct. A Consumer Perspective on Social Responsibility. In: Williams, Oliver F. (ed.): Global Codes of Conduct. An Idea Whose Time has Come. Notre Dame: Notre Dame University Press, p. 241-252. 4.12.2007: New modes of global governance II: corporate social responsibility by codes of conduct A growing number of multinational companies have established codes of conduct, committing themselves to social and environmental standards. There have also been attempts to internationalize these standards by the companies themselves, and by the UN through the Global Compact. The concept of corporate social responsibility resorts to voluntary codes of conduct that can also be successful in dealing with problems like environmental degradation through industrial production or social problems like child labour. Why do companies bind themselves voluntarily to such standards? We will analyse the characteristics of this governance model and the conditions for its success. As examples we will look at the Global Compact in Detail and at the Apparel Industry Code of Conduct. Haufler, Virginia (2001): Public and Private Interests in Global Regulation: An Overview of the Issues. In: Haufler (ed.): Public Role for the Private Sector. Industry Self-Regulation in a Global Economy. p. 7-30 Sethi, S. Prakash (2000): Gaps in Research in the Formulation, Implementation, and Effectiveness Measurement of International Codes of 11.12.2007: The effect of globalization on environmental problems and governance by states: the Convention on Biological Diversity This section will begin with an overview of environmental problems. How are they affected by globalization? Are there interdependencies to other processes? Then, we will have a closer look at one international (state-dominated) regime the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD). The CBD is one of the socalled Rio-conventions. It was founded in order to handle a) biodiversity loss by extinction and b) use of biodiversity resources. We will explore the unique problem structure, and see what consequences it had for the negotiations and the institutional setup. Greene, Owen (2005): Environmental Issues. In: Baylis, John/ Steve Smith (Eds.): The Globalization of World Politics. An Introduction to International Relations. Oxford: OUP. p.452-478. Rosendal, Kristin G. (2000): The Convention on Biological Diversity and Developing Countries. Dordrecht: Kluwer, p. 91-146 (chapter 5) 4
18.12.2007: The modes of global governance III: The Forest Stewardship Council The CBD is not the only actor in the governance field of biodiversity and conservation. It is a characteristic of the governance approach that there are several actors to analyse in one issue area. The Forest Stewardship Council is one of the best known actors in the field of conservation. It is further an example of governance by non-governmental organizations and an example of a specific governance instrument that of certification and labelling. How does this instrument work? How can it be established? And what are its chances of being effective? McNichol, Jason (2006): Transnational NGO certification programs as new regulatory forms: Lessons from the forestry sector. In: Djelic, Marie- Laure/Sahlin-Andersson, Kersin (ed.): Transnational Governance. Institutional Dynamics of Regulation. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, p.349-374. Lang, Barbara (2006): Experiences with voluntary standards initiatives and related multi-stakeholder dialogues; GTZ Study 8.1.2008: The role of non-governmental organisations in Global Governance After having explored one specific non-governmental organisation (NGO) in detail, we will look at NGOs from a more abstract perspective: What kind of actors are considered NGOs? What role can they have in international relations? How can they help shape globalization processes? After input in form of a presentation, the remainder of this lesson will be left to a debate over the possibility of democratization of international relations through NGOs. Zürn, Michael (2006): Global Governance as an Emergent Political Order The Role of Transnational Non-Governmental Organizations. In: Schuppert, Gunnar Folke (ed.) Global Governance and the Role of Non-State Actors. Nomos, p. 31-45 Roth, Roland (2001): NGO und transnationale soziale Bewegungen: Akteure einer Weltzivilgesellschaft? In: Brand, Ulrich et a.l. (eds.): Nichtregierungsorganisationen in der Transformation des Staates. Münster: Westfälisches Dampfboot, p.43-63. 15.1.2008: The influence of globalization on security problems This session will cover different concepts of security and will also look at the approach of different theories in this issue area. What role can be ascribed to interests and what role to culture? The session will explore the influence of globalization on crime and warfare what role do processes like a global economy and enhanced communication play? It will make clear that war is no longer only a matter between states who are the new actors in this issue area? Baylis, John (2005): International and global security in the post-cold war era. In: Baylis, John / Smith, Steve (eds.): The Globalization of World Politics. An introduction to international relations. Oxford: OUP, p- 297-324. Peou, Sorpong (2001): Security-community building for better global governance. In: Rittberger, Volker (ed.): Global Governance and the United Nations System. Tokyo / New York United Nations University Press, p. 88-126. 22.1.2008: The Security Council and humanitarian interventions In the UN Security Council states try to coordinate collective security. The session will explore the notion of collective security and the dynamics in the 5
Security Council. It will then concentrate on actions of the Security Council, mainly humanitarian interventions. According to what logic does the Security Council function? How can the increase of its activities be explained? How can the Security Council deal with the challenges of globalization? Can a reform of the Council enhance its problem-solving capacity? Voeten, Erik (2005): The Political Origins of the UN Security Council s Ability to Legitimize the Use of Force. In: International Organization 59, p. 527-557. Kiras, James (2001): Terrorism and globalization. In: Baylis, John / Smith, Steve (eds.): The Globalization of World Politics. An introduction to international relations. Oxford: Oxford University Press, p. 479-497 Kaldor, Mary (1999): New and Old Wars: Organized Violence in a Global Era. Standford University Press. 5.2.2008: Concluding debate Weiss, Thomas G. (2005): Overcoming the Security Council Reform Impasse. The Implausible versus the Plausible. (= FES Occasional Paper No. 14) Thakur, Ramesh / Schnabel, Albrecht (): Cascading Generations of Peacekeeping: Across the Mogadishu line to Kosovo and Timor. In: Thakur, Ramesh / Schnabel, Albrecht (eds.): United Nations Peacekeeping Operations. Ad hoc Missions, Permanent Engagement. Tokyo / New York: United Nations University Press, p. 3-25. 29.1.2008: The concept of New Wars and the problem of terrorism This session will build on the two previous ones and examine the effects of globalization in the security field in more detail. The changing nature of security problems and wars is connected to the process of globalization. New wars are fundamentally different to old wars in forms and logic, and they involve different actors. This challenges traditional ways of warfare. What exactly constitutes the concept of new wars? What are examples of new wars? What role does terrorism play as one aspect of new wars? Münkler, Herfried (2003): The Wars of the 21st century; in: International Review of the Red Cross, Bd. 85, Nr. 849, p. 7-22. 6