WORLD WAR II Chapters 24 & 25
In the 1930 s dictators rise; driven by Nationalism: desire for more territory and national pride. Totalitarianism: Governments who exert total control over their citizens. Fascism: A political philosophy that considers the individual inferior to the interests of the government. Fascists seek to form a national unity, usually based on ethnic, cultural, racial, or religious characteristics.
Failures of the World War I Peace Treaty of Versailles Treaty of Versailles causes anger & resentment in Europe. Germany resents blame for WWI, reparations & loss of: colonies, border territories. Russia resents loss of lands that was used to create other nations. New democracies in Europe struggle under social problems & the Great Depression.
RUSSIA 1917 Lenin establishes the Soviet Union in a Communist Revolution. 1924 Joseph Stalin takes over. Ends private ownership of farms and property. Millions die from starvation. He kills anyone in opposition to him. 8-13 million are killed!
Joseph Stalin
ITALY Benito Mussolini Plays on peoples economic fears and fears of communism. 1922 he takes control of Italy and establishes a totalitarian state.
Benito Mussolini Il Duce The leader
Mussolini Video Clip - 4min
Germany Adolf Hitler leader of the Nazi party. He Wrote Mein Kampf basic beliefs of Nazism, based on extreme Nationalism and Fascism. He wants to unite German-speaking people, and enforce racial purification.
Adolf Hitler speaking over the radio microphone (May 9, 1934).
1932, 1 out of 3 Germans were unemployed. Nazis become the strongest political party; Hitler is named Chancellor. Hitler is called: Der Fuhrer (The leader). Hitler dismantles the democratic government and establishes the Third Reich.
Hitler Video 2:50 min
Japan In 1931, in a need for living space & natural resources military leaders seize Manchuria. League of Nations condemns the action; so Japan quits the League. Militarists take control of Japanese government thought the Emperors name.
Japans Invasion of Manchuria 1:50min
Emperor Hirohito Hideki Tojo
Hideki Tojo - 3:30 min
Aggression in Europe & Africa 1933, Hitler quits the League of Nations. 1935 he begins German military buildup. Hitler sends troops into the Rhineland, the League does nothing to stop him. 1935, League fails to stop Mussolini s invasion of Ethiopia.
How do world leaders respond to Hitler's aggression? Appeasement: Policy of giving in to a dictator to try and avoid conflict. Neville Chamberlin British Prime Minister Munich Agreement - 1938 Gives Hitler Czechoslovakia in return for Hitler s promised peace. Peace in our time Did it work? What can we learn from this?
Italy s Invasion of Ethiopia
Civil War Breaks Out in Spain 1936, General Francisco Franco rebels against the Spanish Government. - Spanish Civil War begins. Hitler & Mussolini back Franco; Stalin aids the opposition. - Western democracies remain neutral. War leads to the Rome-Berlin Axis alliance between Italy and Germany. 1939, Franco wins war, becomes Fascist dictator.
Francisco Franco
The U.S. Responds Cautiously Americans Cling to Isolationism. 1935 Neutrality Acts try to keep U.S. out of future wars. The law outlaws weapons sales & loans to nations at war.
Open Notes Quiz 1. What was the Neutrality Act? 2. Why was the Spanish Civil War important to WWII? 3. What was the League of Nations response to the aggression by Germany and Japan? 4. What was the name of Hitler book? 5. What area of land did Japan invade in 1931? 6. Who was Joseph Stalin? 7. Define (in your own words) Totalitarianism? 8. Who was the leader of Italy in WWII? 9. What is appeasement? 10. How did the Treaty of Versailles lead to WWII?
Nazi-Soviet Non-Aggression Pact 1939, Hitler (Germany) posed a Non- Aggression Pact with Stalin (Soviet Union) What does non-aggression mean? This shocked the world! Soviet Union = Communism Germany = Nazism Both were completely different Hmm?
German Invasion of Poland - Sept 1939 What is Blitzkrieg?
USA Response Cash and Carry Policy change in 1939 to the 1935 Neutrality Act. Said that Warring nations could buy weapons from the U.S. only on a Cash and Carry basis.
Maginot Line
German invasion of Denmark, Norway, Netherlands, Belgium, Luxembourg & France -1940
Dunkirk Handout
Battle Of Britain German Air Raids on London - Aug 24 to Nov 3, 1940 Hitler hoped the devastation would force the English to surrender. They Didn t!!! What new invention helped the English survive?
Atlantic Charter: Agreement between Churchill and FDR that stated their #1 goal was to make the world safe for self-determination. Lend Lease Act- With Britain out of money to fight Germany, America allowed lending or renting military supplies. This way America could stay neutral and let England do the fighting. Aid eventually went to China & Russia as well.
Churchill Speech Battle of Britain 3:30min
Then in 1941, Hitler launches an attack on the Soviet Union, violating the non-aggression Pact. (Russia joins the Allies)
Kristallnacht Night of the Broken Glass A massive attack on Jews throughout the German Reich on the night of November 9, 1938. Smashed shop windows, looted stores, ransacked Jewish homes, and killed dozens of Jews. Twenty thousand Jews were arrested. (hmm?) Two days later, the German government imposed an "atonement fine" of a billion marks on the Jews to pay for the property damage What caused this to occur? The attack came after Herschel Grynszpan, a 17 year old Jew living in Paris, shot and killed a member of the German Embassy staff there in retaliation for the poor treatment his father and his family suffered at the hands of the Nazis in Germany. On October 27, Grynszpan's family and over 15,000 other Jews, had been forcibly transported by train in boxcars then dumped at the Polish border. For Adolf Hitler, the shooting in Paris provided an opportunity to incite Germans to "rise in bloody vengeance against the Jews."