HUMAN TRAFFICKING Sarah-Jane Prew Cabin Safety Update Crimestoppers UK
Sarah-Jane Prew Crimestoppers UK National Lead Human Trafficking / Border Security / CT UNODC / Airline Ambassadors HT Train the Trainer Accreditation Editor Cabin Safety Update Aviation Security CAA Aircrew & RFX Instructor Security Manager Cabin Safety Consultant / Survival Trainer
Crimestoppers Trust - UK Offers a truly ANONYMOUS reporting opportunity to the public to report crime Works closely with the Police and assorted law enforcement agencies to identify intelligence gaps
Cabin Safety Update Cabin Safety Update is a web-based newsletter, published ten times a year covering all aspects of cabin safety and security
Airline Ambassadors An NGO based in the US and affiliated with the United Nations offering Human Trafficking Awareness Training and a humanitarian service using the airlines
Definition of Human Trafficking UNODC defines Trafficking in Persons as the recruitment, transportation, transfer, harbouring or receipt of persons, by means of the threat or use of force or other forms of coercion, of abduction, of fraud, of deception, of the abuse of power or of a position of vulnerability or of the giving or receiving of payments or benefits to achieve the consent of a person having control over another person, for the purpose of exploitation. Exploitation shall include, at a minimum, the exploitation of the prostitution of others or other forms of sexual exploitation, forced labour or services, slavery or practices similar to slavery, servitude or the removal of organs
Human Trafficking One of the largest growing crimes in the world The human is the only commodity that can be sold again and again and again It is a high value / low risk crime It hides behind legitimate business
What is Human Trafficking Smuggling a crime against the state Trafficking a crime against the individual Some victims are travelling to what they think is a better opportunity only to find they have been duped and will be exploited when they arrive Some victims have been kidnapped and are being transported to where they can be of most use Many are exploited from within their home country
Victims Traffickers will exploit the vulnerable those looking for a better life, a better career, better living conditions or those who have been physically or sexually abused with promises of a good job, a good home or a loving relationship
Perpetrators Usually organised criminal gangs Occasionally lone workers Often backed by (and used to fund) Serious and Organised Crime & Terrorist organisations Low level operators used to do the trafficking BUT if apprehended can give authorities an insight into the bigger picture
Scale and Profile of the Crime 51% of trafficked victims are women This number has fallen in 2004 this figure was 74% HOWEVER in 2004 the number of girls being trafficked was 10% - this has doubled to 20% and illustrates a worrying trend The number of boys being trafficked is also increasing UNODC Figures
Scale and Profile of the Crime The majority of women and girls are trafficked for work in the sex industry BUT overall Forced Labour is the most common reason for trafficking UNODC Figures
Patterns of Movement From less affluent regions to more affluent Less wealthy regions attract victims from within or from within sub-regions Three main destination regions: West and Central Europe main trend North and Central USA and Caribbean Middle East UNODC Figures
Reasons for Trafficking Adults: Forced Labour / Sex Trade / Domestic Servitude / Organ Removal / Combatants Main areas of concern (in UK) Car Washes / Nail Bars / Fisheries / Agriculture / Hospitality Industry / Pop-up Brothels Children: Illegal Adoptions & Marriages / Organ Removal / Childbirth / Pornography / Combatants
A Growing Trade Human Trafficking incidents are increasing Smuggling, in particular, has become a popular occupation among many former drug smugglers and often leads to exploitation Smuggling of humans is in great demand and is safer than smuggling drugs The human essentially transports themselves There is no need to carry drugs about the person If the victim is caught, the perpetrator will often just disappear as it is not always possible to prove the link
Control DO NOT UNDERESTIMATE THE LEVEL OF CONTROL THE TRAFFICKERS WILL HAVE OF THEIR VICTIMS
Transportation 66% of victims are trafficked across one national border Main routes of interest within the UK are currently Albania, Vietnam and Nigeria Traffickers use a combination of transportation methods including maritime, haulage and aviation
AVIATION AVATION IS A PRIME VECTOR IN THE TRANSPORTATION OF TRAFFICKED INDIVIDUALS BUT IS SELDOM RECOGNISED Aviation offers the greatest chances of Spotting the Signs
Why Aviation? Used in conjunction with other transport methods it is hard to track from the authorities point of view Aviation offers a great number of possibilities and routes including easy dry runs Ability to shift routes regularly to avoid detection
What Aviation Can Do Cabin crew have the opportunity to spot the signs they are engaging with passengers throughout the flight Flight crew have the opportunity to report these suspicions to the ground And yet very few airlines even have a Human Trafficking process in their manuals Crew are currently not trained in behavioural indicators
What Aviation Can Do The FAA has mandated awareness training for all airline crews The UK Parliamentary Committee has admitted that they have not considered aviation as a factor in the Human Trafficking problem The authorities do not have a standardised response is it Border Force, is it Special Branch, is it Airport Police? Is it Immigration / Is it Security?
So. There is a need for a standardised approach for all airlines (that fly into the UK) I have been asked to prepare a positioning paper to the UK Parliamentary Committee on HT I am working with the UK s CT Policing and Border Force to establish the authority response I have worked with IATA s Cabin Safety Task Force Group to take this forward
Welsh Government Initiative Welsh Government have agreed to host a day at Cardiff Airport and will invite: All UK airlines All airlines who fly into Cardiff Relevant law enforcement Relevant regulators UK Government
What Needs to Happen? Crew Awareness and Training (cabin and flight deck) Airline procedures in place (manuals) Co-ordinated response on the ground (law enforcement) Increased awareness to airline / airport staff and to the general public
But. It all starts with AWARENESS THROUGHOUT THE AVIATION INDUSTRY STANDARDISED PROCEDURES CREW TRAINING REPORTING
Behavioural Indicators Inappropriate Clothing Accompanied by someone who is dressed much better Unusually submissive to the person accompanying them Unaware of where they are / where they are going Never allowed to be alone even to the toilet
Behavioural Indicators Signs of physical abuse Signs of drug taking Talk of travelling to a new and exciting career Fearful of authority Won t speak or make eye contact Seem under-nourished eat airline food as though starving
What crew should do Observe Interact to find out more Do not ask direct questions or raise suspicion Do not confront victims or perpetrators We are only asking crew to report suspicions not to make a judgement Must make it clear that once reported, their involvement is over Hand it over to authorities on the ground
Conclusion Please attend the table on Human Trafficking at the Cabin Safety Souq We need to know what you are currently doing and what your level of awareness is We need to understand your thoughts on awareness training and procedures My details: editor@cabinsafetyupdate.com
The reality..