Reconstruction (1865-1877) US History & Government
DO NOW Definition Reconstruct: To construct or build again Question In 1865 what needed to be reconstructed? Why?
Lincoln s Second Inaugural Address.With malice toward none, with charity for all, with firmness in the right as God gives us to see the right, let us strive on to finish the work we are in, to bind up the nation's wounds, to care for him who shall have borne the battle and for his widow and his orphan, to do all which may achieve and cherish a just and lasting peace among ourselves and with all nations.
Presidential Reconstruction Lincoln s plan 1. Pardon all southerners who swore an oath of loyalty to the united states 2. Recognize new southern state governments when 10% took the oath state governments abolished slavery
Presidential Reconstruction Abraham Lincoln was assassinated by John Wilkes Booth on April 14, 1865
Presidential Reconstruction Andrew Johnson Facts about Johnson: Born in North Carolina Grew up in poverty Moved to Tennessee Became a tailor & slave owner Hated the plantation owners Became a senator Stayed in the Senate (even after secession) Lincoln s Vice-President Johnson s Reconstruction plan is similar to Lincoln s Plan
The South s Response The Black codes No negro or freedman shall be permitted to rent or keep a house within the limits of the town under any circumstances.... No negro or freedman shall reside within the limits of the town... who is not in the regular service of some white person or former owner.. No public meetings or congregations of negroes or freedmen shall be allowed within the limits of the town No freedman... shall be allowed to carry firearms, or any kind of weapons In parts of Louisiana it was required "that every negro [is] to be in the service of some white person, or former owner.
"it is almost a daily occurrence for black men to be hunted down with dogs and shot like wild beasts." The South s Response "since the negro has ceased to be property [their] maiming and killing" went unnoticed. Lynching of slave Amy Spain outside Darlington, South Carolina, courthouse. Harper's Weekly, September 30, 1865
Congress Responds SLIDE # 9 Radical Republicans Radicals: came from the north strongly opposed slavery controlled congress Saw the Civil War as a battle between good and evil Viewed white southerners as traitors criticized Lincoln for being to lenient on the south supported a hard peace for the south Thaddeus Stevens
Established by Congress in 1865 Provided education to former slaves Vetoed by Johnson Freedman s Bureau "I had the feeling that to get into a schoolhouse... would be about the same as getting into paradise." (former slave) Booker T. Washington
Congress responds How did congress limit the power of the president? Impeachment The President, Vice President and all civil Officers of the United States, shall be removed from Office on Impeachment for, and Conviction of, Treason, Bribery, or other high Crimes and Misdemeanors. -US Constitution
Impeachment How impeachment works House of Representatives Formally accuses the president of wrongdoing (impeachment) Senate Serves as a jury and decides the guilt or innocence of president
Impeachment Johnson accused of violating the Tenure of Office Act Impeached by the House of Representatives Found innocent by the Senate Remained in office but politically weakened
Congressional Reconstruction Situation: President Johnson has been impeached. the Radical Republicans control reconstruction Imagine you are the leader of the Radicals. Consider what is happening in the South Widespread Lynching & repression of blacks Rebels retake control of government Northerners treated with hostility/harmed How will you respond to these problems?
Military Reconstruction
Radical Reconstruction Who supported it in the South? Scalawags White southern Republicans Carpetbagger Northerners who moved into the South after the war African-Americans Voted for Radical Republicans
Rise of the Klan The Klan arose in the South and particularly targeted freed slaves, carpetbaggers & scalawags
The Civil War Amendments Amendment 13 (1865) Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States, or any place subject to their jurisdiction.
The Civil War Amendments Amendment 14 (1868) All persons born or naturalized in the United States..are citizens of the United States and of the State wherein they reside. No State shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States; nor shall any State deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws.
The Civil War Amendments Amendment 15 (1870) The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any state on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude.
South Carolina Legislature
The Presidential Election of 1868 Popular E.C. Votes Votes Republican Ulysses S. Grant 3,013,650 214 Democrat Horatio Seymour 2,708,744 80
The Presidential Election of 1872 Popular E.C. Votes Votes Republican Ulysses S. Grant 3,598,468 286 Democrat Horace Greeley 2,835,315 0
The Presidential Election of 1876 Popular E.C. Votes Votes Republican Rutherford B Hayes 4,033,497 185 Democrat Samuel Tilden 4,288,191 184
Compromise of 1877 The Problem Tilden (Dem) won popular vote but the Electoral College cannot determine the winner (4 states had disputed returns) The Solution Republicans Hayes becomes President Democrats Federal troops withdrawn from the south What does this mean? Reconstruction ends & African Americans lose their rights
The South Redeemed SLIDE # 36 Whites were overwhelmingly elected to government in the south after 1877 Redeemers: Democrats government officials Redeem or win back their states from the Republicans
The New South Southern Economy - Poverty Why? 1) Too little investment 2) Too much debt 3) Too much labor
The New South Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) Gave legal justification for racial segregation ( Jim Crow ) by ruling that separate facilities were legal as long as those facilities were equal
The New South Disenfranchisement (loss of voting rights) 1) Poll Tax 2) Literacy test 3) Grandfather clause SINCE BLACKS COULD NOT VOTE, AND WHITES VOTED DEMOCRATIC, the South always voted for the Democratic Party until the 1970 s. It was known as the Solid South
Sharecropping A system of agriculture in which the land owner (old plantation owner) allows the tenant (often a former slave) to use a piece of land in return for a share of the crop (possibly more than 1/3 of the crop)
The New South
The New South
The New South
The New South
The New South
More than 3,000 people were lynched between 1882 and 1900.
The Fight for Civil Rights Booker T. Washington From the South Born a slave Argued that segregation should be tolerated Tuskegee Institute Vocational Education W.E.B. Du Bois From the North Ph.D. Harvard Argued for full equality NAACP