ISBN 978-9941-22-449-2
biznesi da adamianis uflebebi saqartvelosi - amjamindeli situacia, saertasoriso samartlebrivi struqtura da rogor SeiZleba situaciis gaumjobeseba BUSINESS AND HUMAN RIGHT IN GEORGIA THE CURRENT SITUATION, THE INTERNATIONAL FRAMEWORK AND HOW THE SITUATION SHOULD IMPROVE avtori: mariam asanisvili AUTHOR: MARIAM ASANISHVILI kontributori: nino gelasvili CONTRIBUTOR: NINO GELASHVILI kvleva dafinansebulia fondi Ria sazogadoebis mier. The research project is financed by the Open Society Foundations. gamomcemloba `universali~ Tbilisi 2014 1
avtori: Author: kontributori: Contributor: ydis dizaini: Cover Design: mariam asanisvili (LLM) Mariam Asanishvili (LLM) nino gelasvili (MA) Nino Gelashvili (MA) robi getiasvili Robi Getiashvili fondi Ria sazogadoebis stipendiebis programebtan TanamSromlobiT, fondi Ria sazogadoebis institutis grantis dafinansebit. Supported by the grant from the Foundation Open Society Institute in cooperation with the Scholarship Programs of the Open Society Foundations. m. asanisvili, 2014 gamomcemloba `universali~, 2014 Tbilisi, 0179, i. WavWavaZis gamz. 19, : 2 22 36 09, 5(99) 17 22 30 E mail: universal@internet.ge ISBN 978-9941-22-449-2 2
winasityvaoba winamdebare kvleva exeba biznessa da adamianis uflebebs, romelic jer kidev gamoukvleveli Temaa qartul sivrcesi. sakitxi ufro da ufro aqtualuri xdeba msoflios masstabit da ukve uamravi organizacia musaobs am mimartulebit. mat mizans warmoadgens cnobierebis amarleba biznes seqtorsi im uaryofit zegavlenaze, rac SeiZleba mohyves kompaniebis mxridan upasuxismgeblo qmedebebs da sakutari valdebulebebis gauazreblobas. arsebitia am sakitxis gamokvleva saqartvelosi da imis zogadi Sefaseba, Tu ra vitarebaa biznesis da adamianis uflebebis kutxit qartul biznes garemo- Si. mivicnevt, rom msgavsi aqtualuri sakitxebis analizi da mat irgvliv msjeloba aris situaciis kargad Sefasebis sasualeba. es ki, Tavis mxriv, qmnis saimiso winapirobas, rom saqartvelosi daculi iyos balansi Tanamedrove biznes interesebsa da adamianis uflebebis pativiscemas Soris. kvlevis avtors, mariam asanisvils mopovebuli aqvs magistris xarisxi adamianis uflebebsa da humanitarul samartalsi eseqsis universitetsi (didi britaneti). igi dainteresebulia biznesis da adamianis uflebata sakitxebis kvlevit da aqvs samusao gamocdileba rogorc biznes seqtorsi, aseve adamianis uflebebis kutxit. winamdebare kvlevis kontributor nino gelasvilsac aseve aqvs eseqsis universitetis magistris xarisxi (adamianis uflebebis kutxit) da adamianis uflebata sferosi musaobis mravalwliani praqtikuli gamocdileba. kvleviti proeqtis ganxorcielebisatvis madlobas vuxdit organizaciebs, romlebmac mnisvnelovani daxmareba armoucines avtorebs kvlevis momzadebasa da sazogadoebisatvis wardgenasi. xazgasmit arsanisnavia kvlevis sponsoris, fondi Ria sazo- 3
gadoebis mxardawera da survili, Catarebuliyo kvleva biznessa da adamianis uflebebze saqartvelosi. kvlevas aseve xeli Seuwyo rogorc akademiurma instituciam, aseve arasamtavrobo organizaciam da kerzo iuridiulma firmam. kerzod, madlobas vuxdit iuridiul firma `mgaloblisvili, yifiani, ZiZigurs,~ arasamtavrobo organizacias `axalgazrda advokatebi~ da armosavlet evropis universitets. matma praqtikulma rcevebma sasualeba mogvca, nasroms srulyofili saxe miero da xeli Seuwyo nasromis mteli rigi Tavebis daxvewas, aseve kvlevis gavrcelebas dainteresebul mxareebsa da farto masebsi. imedia, qartveli mkitxveli interesit gaecnoba winamdebare kvlevas. avtorebi madlierebit miireben yvela saqmian winandadebas, rac xels Seuwyobs nasromis Semdgom daxvewas. 4
FOREWORD The research below refers to the area of business and human rights which is still an unexplored topic in Georgia. This issue is getting more and more significant in the world and a number of organizations are working in this regard. Their aim is to raise awareness in the business sector on the negative influence that companies might cause by irresponsible actions and improper analyses of their obligations. It is essential to research this topic in Georgia and evaluate what the situation is regarding business and human rights in Georgia. We believe that analysing such acute topics and the discussion around them is the best way to evaluate the situation. And this discussion can be useful to create a fair balance between contemporary business interests and human rights protection in Georgia. The Author of the research paper Mariam Asanishvili holds LLM degree in International Human Rights and Humanitarian Law from the University of Essex (United Kingdom). She is interested in the topics of business and human rights. She has work experience in business sector, as well as in human rights. The Contributor in the research is also a graduate of the University of Essex (MA Theory and Practice of Human Rights) and has many years of practical experience in human rights. We would like to thank organisations that greatly helped the authors to prepare the research and present it to the public. We would like to particularly mention the support and will of the sponsor of the research - Open Society Foundations to conduct the research on this topic. The research was also supported by an academic institution, a non-governmental 5
organisation as well as a private law firm. In particular, we would like to thank to Mgaloblishvili, Kipiani, Dzidziguri Law Firm, and the non-governmental organisation Young Barristers and East European University. The practical tips from these organisations allowed us to perfect the paper and information contained therein, and also to distribute the publication among stakeholders and society at large. It is hoped that the reader will express an interest towards this research paper. The authors will gladly welcome constructive feedback for further perfection of the publication. 6
sarcevi TABLE OF CONTENTS I. Sesavali... 12 II. biznesi da adamianis uflebebi saertasoriso samartalwesrigsi... 15 zogadi momoxilva...15 gansxvaveba kompaniis socialur pasuxismgeblobasa CSR) da biznesis mier adamianis uflebata dacvis valdebulebas Soris...19 biznessa da adamianis uflebebtan dakavsirebuli saertasoriso dokumentebi da organoebi...21 gaeros globaluri SeTanxmeba...24 principi 1 - biznesi mxars unda uwerdes da pativs cemdes saertasoriso doneze ariarebul adamianis uflebebs...26 principi 2 - biznesi ar unda gaxdes adamianta uflebebis darrvevis Tanamonawile...30 principi biznesma mxari unda dauwiros gaertianebis Tavisuflebas da koleqtiuri SromiTi SeTanxmebis uflebis ariarebas...32 principi biznesma mxari unda dauwiros yvela formis izulebiti da savaldebulo Sromis armofxvras...33 principi 5 - biznesma mxari unda dauwiros bavsvta Sromis realur gauqmebas...35 principi 6 - biznesi mxars unda uwerdes dasaqmebasa da saqmianobastan dakavsirebit diskriminaciis armofxvras...36 7
principi 7- biznesma mxari unda dauwiros garemos mimart frtxil damokidebulebas...38 principi 8 - biznesi valdebulia propaganda gauwios garemos dacvis mimart met pasuxismgeblobas...39 principi 9 - biznesma xeli unda Seuwyos iseti teqnologniebis ganvitarebasa da gamoyenebas, romelic ar azianebs garemos...40 principi 10 - biznesma unda ibrzolos korufciis nebismieri gamovlenis winaarmdeg, gamozalvisa da meqrtameobis CaTvliT...41 angarisebis momzadeba...42 saxelmzrvanelo principebi biznessa da adamianis uflebebze...43 samartlebrivi kvlevis (Due Diligence) valdebuleba...47 etgos (OECD) gaidlainebi multinacionaluri sawarmoebis Sesaxeb...49 rogor SeiZleba daarrvios kompaniam adamianis uflebebi...52 rogor unda daemorcilos kompania adamianis uflebata standartebs...54 III.biznesis da adamianis uflebebis mdgomareoba saqartvelosi... 60 zogadi situacia regionsi...60 saqartvelosi Catarebuli kvlevis metodebi da zogadi situacia saqartvelosi...62 Seicavs Tu ara qartuli kanonmdebloba pirdapir mititebas, rom bizness gaacnia adamianis uflebata dacvis valdebuleba?...65 gadasaxadebtan dakavsirebuli problemebi...67 8
ras acxadeben qartuli kompaniebi biznesis da adamianis uflebebis da an kompaniis socialuri pasuxismgeblobis Sesaxeb...69 jipiai holdingi...69 alians jgufi holdingi...71 BP saqartvelo...74 BDO saqartvelo...78 visol jgufi...79 qartuli bankebi kompaniis socialuri pasuxismgeblobis elementebit...80 biznes asociaciebi saqartvelosi, romeltac aqvt kompaniis socialuri pasuxismgeblobis komitetebi...83 amerikis savawro palata (AmCham) saqartvelosi...83 saertasoris savawro palata (ICC) saqartvelosi...87 sxva mnisvnelovani sakitxebi saqartvelosi...89 xudonhesi...89 IV.daskvna... 91 bibliografia... 95 I. Introduction... 101 II. Business and Human Rights in the International Legal Order... 103 General Overview...103 The Difference between Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) and Business Obligation to Protect Human Rights...106 International Instruments and Bodies Regarding Business and Human Rights...108 United Nations Global Compact...110 9
Principle One - Businesses should support and respect the protection of internationally proclaimed human rights...111 Principle Two - Businesses should make sure they are not complicit in human rights abuses...115 Principle Three - Businesses should uphold the freedom of association and the effective recognition of the right to collective bargaining...117 Principle Four - The elimination of all forms of forced and compulsory labour...118 Principle Five - The effective abolition of child labour...119 Principle Six - Eliminate discrimination in respect of employment and occupation...120 Principle Seven - Businesses should support a precautionary approach to environmental challenges...122 Principle Eight - Businesses should undertake initiatives to promote greater environmental responsibility...123 Principle Nine - Businesses should encourage the development and diffusion of environmentally friendly technologies...124 Principle Ten - Businesses should work against corruption in all its forms, including extortion and bribery...125 Reporting...126 Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights...127 Due Diligence Obligation...130 OECD Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises...132 How Can a Company Violate Human Rights Norms?...135 How can a Company Comply with Human Rights Standards?...136 III.The Business and Human Rights Situation in Georgia... 142 Overall Situation in the Region...142 10
Ways of Conducting Field Research and the General Situation in Georgia...143 Do Georgian Laws Provide any Direct Indication that Businesses have an Obligation to Protect Human Rights?...147 Problems regarding Taxation...148 What do Georgian Companies Say about Business and Human Rights and/or CSR?...150 GPI Holding...150 Alliance Group Holding...151 BP Georgia...154 BDO Georgia...158 Wissol Group...158 Georgian Banks with CSR Elements...160 Business Associations in Georgia having CSR Committees...162 American Chamber of Commerce (Amcham) in Georgia...162 International Chamber of Commerce (ICC) in Georgia...165 Other Essential Issues in Georgia...167 Khudon Hydropower...167 IV.Conclusion... 169 Bibliography... 172 11
biznesi da adamianis uflebebi saqartvelosi - amjamindeli situacia, saertasoriso samartlebrivi struqtura da rogor SeiZleba situaciis gaumjobeseba `kompaniis pasuxismgebloba, daicvas adamianis uflebebi aris [...] fundamenturi safuzveli da warmoadgens moqmedebis pozitiur valdebulebas, masinac ki rodesac mtavroba ar moqmedebs.~ 1 I. Sesavali sakitxi biznesis da adamianis uflebebis urtiertdamokidebulebis Sesaxeb, iseve rogorc biznes sawarmoebis valdebuleba, daicvan adamianis uflebebi, 1990-ian wlebsi wamoiwra. multinacionalurma sawarmoebma, romelta Semosavlebic bevri qveynis mtlian Sida produqts (GPD) awarbebs, TandaTanobiT ufro meti Zalaufleba moipoves, vidre bevrma saxelmwifom, rac, TavisTavad, globalizaciis procesis nawils warmoadgens. Tumca, imis gatvaliswinebit, rom isini operaciebs msoflios masstabit, bevr qveyanasi awarmoeben, rtuli iyo mati moqmedebebisatvis konkretuli samartalwesrigis morgeba. aman warmosva imis sawiroeba, rom saertasoriso sazogadoebam kompaniebs unda daudginos adamianis uflebata dacvis standartebi. 1 The Business Leaders Initiative on Human Rights (BLIHR), Policy Report # 4 12
dreisatvis, aseti standartebis dawesebasi mtavari subiqtebi arian: gaertianebuli erebis organizacia, ekonomikuri TanamSromlobis da ganvitarebis organizacia, evropis sabwo da evropis kavsiri. es standartebi, rogorc wesi, ukavsirdeba sam ZiriTad safuzvels: saxelmwifos valdebulebas, ar dausvas adamianis uflebata darrveva mesame pirebisgan, mat Soris - kompaniebisgan; kompaniis socialur pasuxismgeblobas, daicvan adamianis uflebebi da aucileblobas imisa, rom uflebadarrvevis msxverpltatvis maqsimalurad iyos garantirebuli efeqturi dacvis sasualeba (rogorc samartlebrivi, aseve arasamar- Tlebrivi). 2 am kvlevis mizania, ganixilos, ra donezea ganvi- Tarebuli biznesi da adamianis uflebebi saqartvelosi. kvlevis dasawyissi mimoxilulia biznesis da adamianis uflebebis zogadi samartlebrivi struqtura drevandel saertasoriso samartalwesrigsi da moicavs iset arsebit dokumentebs am sakitxtan dakavsirebit, rogorebicaa gaeros globaluri Se- Tanxmeba, saxelmzrvanelo principebi biznessa da adamianis uflebebze da a.s. kvleva aseve Seexeba mtavar gansxvavebebs kompaniis socialur pasuxismgeblobasa da kompaniebis valdebulebas Soris, daicvan adamianis uflebebi. bolos, kvlevasi mimoxilulia, ra situaciaa qartul kompaniebsi adamianis uflebata dacvis kutxit - kvleva xazs usvams zogad situacias regionsa da saqartvelosi. igi aseve moicavs pasuxebs da Sefasebebs, romlebic qartuli kompaniebisgan iqna mirebuli. kvlevasi, daskvnis saxit, warmoadgenilia sa- 2 Council of Europe, Steering Committee for Human Rights (CDDH) (2012, 30 November) Feasibility Study on the agenda page 2, Corporate Social Responsibility in the field of Human Rights, gv. 4 13
qartvelosi Catarebuli gamokitxvis mtavari Sedegebi da rekomendaciebi, romelta mizania biznes seqtoris warmomadgenlebis mier adamianis uflebata daculobis gaumjobeseba saqartvelosi. winamdebare kvlevis amocanaa, mxari dauwiros da aamarlos adamianis uflebata dacvis pativiscema biznes seqtorsi. vimedovnebt, rom kvleva gamosadegi iqneba biznes seqtoris warmomadgenlebistvis, arasamtavrobo organizaciebistvis, romeltac surt advokatireba gauwion bizness da adamianis uflebebs saqartvelosi, agretve im studentebisa da mkvlevarebistvis, romlebic dainteresebulni arian biznesis da adamianis uflebebit da kompaniis socialur pasuxismgeblobastan dakavsirebuli sakitxebit saqartvelosi. 14
II. biznesi da adamianis uflebebi saertasoriso samartalwesrigsi zogadi momoxilva biznesis mtavari mizani komerciuli mogebaa. kompaniebi, TavisTavad, ar iqmnebian imisatvis, rom xeli Seuwyon adamianis uflebata dacvas. Tumca, kompaniebi zegavlenas axdenen adamianis uflebebze. yvela biznes seqtorsi moqmedi nebismieri kompania zemoqmedebs da pasuxismgebelia ama Tu im adamianis uflebebze. kompaniebs SeuZliaT iqonion rogorc dadebiti, aseve uaryofiti zegavlena adamianis uflebata mtel paketze, mat Soris - diskriminaciaze, janmrtelobasa da usafrtxoebaze, Sekrebisa da profesiuli kavsirebis Camoyalibebis uflebaze, gamoxatvis Tavisuflebaze, piradi cxovrebis uflebaze, ganatlebis uflebaze, sacxovrebelis, sasmeli wylisa da sakvebis xelmisawvdomobaze da a.s. 3 sayoveltaod cnobilia, rom saertasoriso samartlis struqturasi mtavari motamaseebi saxelmwifoebi arian. saxelmwifoebi martlac warmoadgenen saertasoriso samartlis subieqtebs, orond - ara ertadert subieqtebs. adamianis uflebata saer- TaSoriso deklaracia preambulasive mouwodebs yovel adamians da sazogadoebis yovel organos, daicvan da pativi scen adamianis uflebebs. 4 saerta- Soriso samartlis wamyvanma mkvlevarma luis henkin- 3 Business and Human Rights, A Brief Introduction", Business and Human Rights Resource Centre, xelmisawvdomia: http://www.business-humanrights.org/gettingstartedportal/intro 4 gaeros adamianis uflebebis universaluri deklaracia, preambula,1948 15
ma 1999 wels arnisna, rom termini - yvela adamiani da sazogadoebis yvela organo -ar gamoricxavs aravis: arc kompanias, arc bazars, arc virtualur sivrces. universaluri deklaracia yvelas exeba. 5 ufro metic, korporaciebisatvis axla ukve xelmisawvdomia iseti saertasoriso instituti, rogoricaa sainvesticio davebis mogvarebis saertasoriso centri. Sesabamisad, ar arsebobs Teoriuli dabrkoleba, romelic xels SeuSlida komerciul sawarmoebs saertasoriso samartalebriv wesrigsi monawileoba- Si. 6 adamianis uflebata politikis saertasoriso sab- Wos 2002 wlis angarissi, - moxaliseobis mirma: adamianis uflebebi da kompaniis saertasoriso samartlebrivi valdebulebebis ganvitareba - arnisnulia, rom saertasoriso samartali Seicavs askara safuzvels imisatvis, rom saertasoriso samartlebrivi valdebulebebi gavrceldes kompaniebzec. 7 es angarisi aseve miutitebs, rom aseti valdebulebebi SeiZleba warmoisvas ori saxit: saxelmwifoebs akisriat valdebuleba, daicvan adamianis uflebebi da Sesabamisad, uzrunvelyon, rom kerzo subieqtebma, mat Soris kompaniebma, ar daarrvion isini. saxelmwifota es val- 5 "Business and Human Rights, A Brief Introduction", Business and Human Rights Resource Centre, xelmisawvdomia: http://www.business-humanrights.org/gettingstartedportal/intro 6 Companies, International Trade and Human Rights", Janet Dine, Cambridge Studies in Corporate Law, 2005, gv. 174. 7 "Beyond Voluntarism: human rights and the developing legal obligations of companies", International Council on Human Rights Policy, gv. 5, xelmisawvdomia: http://www.ichrp.org/files/summaries/7/107_summary_en.pdf 16
debuleba warmosobs kompaniebis arapirdapir valdebulebas. saertasoriso samartalma, SesaZloa, pirdapiri samartlebrivi valdebulebebi daakisros kompanias, romlis arsruleba SesaZlebelia saertasoriso doneze, rodesac saxelmwifoebs ar SeuZliaT an ar aqvt survili Tavad miiron zomebi. 8 kompaniebis pasuxismgeblobam, daicvan adamianis uflebebi, yvela dainteresebuli mxaris TiTqmis universaluri ariareba moipova. 9 termini TiTqmis universaluri moicavs or aspeqts. pirveli: kompaniis pasuxismgebloba, pativi sces adamianis uflebebs, faqtobrivad, ariarebulia yvela kompaniisa da industriis mier kompaniis socialuri pasuxismgeblobis iniciativis mesveobit, romlebic mowonebulia msofliosi udidesi biznes asociaciebis mier, damtkicebulia globaruli Se- TanxmebiT da misi msoflio masstabis erovnuli qselebit da aseve gajrerebulia iset instrumentsi, rogoricaa ekonomikuri TanamSromlobisa da ganvi- Tarebis organizaciis (etgo) gaidlainebi multinacionaluri sawarmoebis Sesaxeb. meore: am socialuri normebis darrveva rutinulad xdeba globaluri gansjis sagani, rogorc mobilizebuli adgilobrivi sazogadoebis mesveobit, aseve samoqalaqo sazoga- 8 Ibid. 9 "Business and human rights: Towards operationalizing the protect, respect and remedy framework, Report of the Special Representative of the Secretary-General on the issue of human rights and transnational corporations and other business enterprises, Promotion of all Human Rights, Civil, Political, Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, including the Right to Development",Human Rights Council, 22 April, 2009, para.46. 17
doebrivi organizaciebis, mediis (aseve blogebis) mier. amastan arsanisnavia, rom arsebobs gasacivrebis iseti procedurebi, rogoricaa etgos adgilobrivi sakontaqto punqtebi (OECD NCPs), da Tu qmedeba aseve moicavs kanonis savaraudo darrvevas, aseve SesaZlebelia sasamartlo sistemisatvis mimartva. es transnacionaluri normatiuli rejimi vrceldeba ara mxolod dasavlur multinacionalur kompaniebze, romlebic ukve sakmaod gamocdilebi arian am sakitxebsi, aramed ganvitarebadi ekonomikis pirobebsi arsebul kompaniebzec, romlebic saqmianobas sxvadasxva qveynebsi axorcieleben da aseve did erovnul kompaniebzec. 10 bizness, SesaZlebelia, hqondes uamravi saxis dadebiti socialuri zegavlena. esenia: socialuri Cagvris Tavidan acileba, standartebis dacemis prevencia, saertasoriso ganvitareba da uflebata progresuli realizacia, nabijebis gadadgma, rata daculi iyos garemo da adamianta janmrteloba, aseve iniciativebi imistvis, rom moxdes gantlebis, samoqalaqo da politikuri uflebebis xelsewyoba. rac Seexeba uaryofit zegavlenas, is Seexeba samusao adgilis usafrtxoebis an janmrtelobastan dakavsirebuli sakitxebis ingorirebas, garemos dabnzurebas da mis zegavlena adamianta janmrtelobaze, diskriminacias da Sromis uflebebis ugulebelyofas. 11 10 Ibid. para.47. 11 Business and Human Rights Resource Centre, Regional Briefing, Workers and Minorities Bear the Brunt of Abuse, Business & Human Rights in Eastern Europe & Central Asia, May 2014, xelmisawvdomia: http://business-humanrights.org/sites/default/files/media/documents/eecaregional-briefing-may-2014.pdf 18
gansxvaveba kompaniis socialur pasuxismgeblobasa (CSR) da biznesis mier adamianis uflebata dacvis valdebulebas Soris adamianis uflebebi da kompaniis socialuri pasuxismgebloba (Corporate Social Responsibility -CSR) ise- Ti sferoebia, sadac SesaZloa xsirad moxdes sxavasxva saxis gadafarva, mizanta Tanxvedra da es damokidebulia mraval faqtorze. magalitad, kompaniis socialuri pasuxismgebloba farto cnebaa da misi ganmarteba wyaroebis mixedvit sxvadasxvaa. ufro far- To ganmatebebis Tanaxmad, igi moicavs adamianis uflebata dacvis midgomasac. evropis komisia ganmartavs kompaniis socialur pasuxismgeblobas, rogorc `sawarmota pasuximgeblobas im zegavlenaze, romeltac isini axdenen sazogadoebaze.~ 12 gaeros industriuli ganvitarebis organizaciis ganmartebis Tanaxmad, kompaniis socialuri pasuxismgebloba aris `menejmentis koncefcia da Canafiqri, sadac kompaniebi axdenen socialuri da garemosdacviti interesis integracias TavianT biznes operaciebsi da sxva dainteresebul mxareeb- Tan urtiertqmedebisas.~ 13 gansxvaveba kompaniis socialur pasuxismgeblobasa da kompaniis adamianis uflebata valdebulebebs Soris Semdegia: kompaniis socialuri pasuxis- 12 European Commission, Communication 681 (2011), xelmisawvdomia: http://ec.europa.eu/enterprise/policies/sustainable-business/corporatesocial-responsibility/index_en.htm 13 The United Nations Industrial Development Organization, What is CSR? xelmisawvdomia: http://www.unido.org/en/what-we-do/trade/csr/whatis-csr.html 19
mgebloba iseti cnebaa, romelsac SesaZlebelia miudge sxvadasxva kutxit. magalitad, rogorc socialuri pasuxismgeblobis nawili, kompanias SeuZlia gairos Tanxa garkveuli dadebiti miznit periodulad an waaxalisos dasaqmebulebi, rom yoveltviurad ramdenime saati dahyon adgilobriv saqvelmoqmedo organizaciasi. amis sawinaarmdegod, kompaniis adamianis uflebata valdebuleba aris ufro natlad Camoyalibebuli da amomwuravi direqtivebis ertianoba, romlis sasualebitac dgindeba, ramdenad icavs esa Tu is kompania adamianis uflebebs. iniciativebi kompaniis socialuri pasuxismgeblobis Sesaxeb, rogorc wesi, SeirCeva seleqciurad, imis mixedvit, Tu ris gaketebas aircevs kompania moxaliseobrivad; masin, rodesac adamianis uflebata dacvis midgoma moitxovs kompaniebisgan adamianis yvela uflebis dacvas, romelzec mat zegavlenis moxdena SeuZliaT, kompaniebi moklebulni arian SesaZleblobas SearCnion, mxolod is sakitxebi, romlebic mat undat an ainteresebt. adamianis uflebata samartlebrivi CarCo moicavs sayoveltaod ariarebul, pirovnebebze orientirebul midgomas im zegavlenaze, romelsac kompaniebi axdenen zogadad sociumze da garemoze. 14 imisatvis, rom uzrunvelyon adamianis ufleba- Ta daculoba, kompaniebi unda ecadnen, moaxdinon adamianis uflebata dacvis elementis integrireba TavianT ukve arsebul socialuri pasuxismgeblobis sferosi, an gamijnon es ori sfero da cal-calke imusavon matze (romelic ufro efeqturi armocndeba mattvis). kompaniis socialuri pasuxismgeblobisa 14 "Business and Human Rights, A Brief Introduction", Business and Human Rights Resource Centre, xelmisawvdomia: http://www.business-humanrights.org/gettingstartedportal/intro 20
da adamianis uflebata midgomis integracia sulac ar aris axali Tema - adamianis uflebebze, transnacionalur korporaciebze da sxva biznes sawarmoebze gaeros specialurma warmomadgenelma miiro mandati gaerosgan imistvis, rom gacnoboda da ganemarta kompaniis socialuri pasuxismgebloba adamianis uflebebtan mimartebasi, ris Sedegadac Seiqmna dokumenti saxelwodebit `saxelmzrvanelo principebi biznessa da adamianis uflebebze 15 (detalurad ganxilulia Semdgom TavebSi). biznessa da adamianis uflebebtan dakavsirebuli saertasoriso dokumentebi da organoebi dreisatvis sxvadasxva saertasoriso struqturebi ukve musaoben biznesis da adamianis uflebebis sakitxebze da monawileobas ireben am sferosi sxvadasxva arsebiti dokumentis SedgenaSi. es organizaciebia: gaertianebuli erebis organizacia - 2000 wels gaertianebuli erebis organizaciam Seadgina nebayoflobiti globaluri SeTanxmeba. dresdrebit ukve atasobit kompania aris misi xelmomweri da aketebs moxsenebebs im nabijebis Sesaxeb, romlebsac dgamen am SeTanxmebaSi mocemuli ati principis dasacavad. Tumca, rogorc es Tavad globalur SeTanxme- 15 Overview, Special Representative of the Secretary-General on human rights and transnational corporations and other business enterprises, xelmisawvdomia: http://www.ohchr.org/en/issues/business/pages/srsgtranscorpindex.aspx 21
basia arnisnuli, igi ar aris iuridiulad savaldebulo dokumenti (detaluri ganxilva mocemulia qvemot); 2005 wels gaerom danisna specialuri warmomadgeneli (harvardis universitetis profesori jon ragi) biznesis da adamianis ufleba- Ta sakitxebze; 2011 wlis ivnissi gaeros adamianis uflebata sabwom daamtkica saxelmzrvanelo principebi biznesze da adamianis uflebebze, romelic Seadgina gaeros specialurma warmomadgenelma. saxelmzrvanelo principebi warmoadgens pirvel globalurad SeTanxmebuli standartebis nakrebs biznessa da adamianis uflebebze, romlebic mtavrobebisa da saertasoriso organizaciebis mier ariarebulia, rogorc avtoritetuli wyaro (detaluri ganxilva mocemulia qvemot); 2011 wels gaeros adamianis uflebata sabwom daafuzna biznesisa da adamianis uflebebis sakitxebis samusao jgufi. 16 evropis sabwo - 2010 wlis oqtombersi evropis sabwos saparlamento asambleam miiro rezolucia # 1936 adamianis uflebebisa da biznesis Sesaxeb. rezolucia rekomendacias azlevs ministrta komitets, moizios damatebiti gzebi, rata gaizar- 16 "Business and Human Rights, A Brief Introduction", Business and Human Rights Resource Centre, xelmisawvdomia: http://www.business-humanrights.org/gettingstartedportal/intro 22
dos biznes seqtoris roli adamianis ufleba- Ta pativicemisa da xelsewyobis kutxit; 17 2012 wlis dekembersi wamyvanma komitetma adamianis uflebebis sakitxebsi (CDDH) daamtkica kvleva, romelic Seexeba kompaniis socialur pasuxismgeblobas adamianis uflebata konteqstsi; 18 1996 wlis evropis socialuri qartia Seicavs sxvadasxva debulebebs, romlebic relevanturia biznesisa da adamianis uflebebistvis (magalitad, me-2 muxli - ufleba Sromis samartlian pirobebze; me-3 muxli - ufleba usafrtxo da janmrtel samusao pirobebeze, da a.s). 19 kidev erti arsebiti dokumenti am mimartulebit aris etgos gaidlainebi multinacionaluri sawarmoebisatvis, romelic ufro detalurad qvemot aris ganxiluli. sxva organizaciebi da jgufebi, romlebic exmarebian biznes seqtoris warmomadgenlebs, satanadod daicvan adamianis uflebebi, arian: globaluri biznes iniciativa adamianis uflebebze (Global Business 17 Recommendation 1936 on Human Rights and Business, Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe, 6 October, 2010; Palakiewicz, Feasibility Study on CSR in the field of human rights Council of Europe s contribution to the implementation of the UN guiding principles, Council of Europe, 2011. 18 Council of Europe, Feasibility Study on CSR in the Field of Human Rights, CDDH (Steering Committee for Human Rights), 17 December 2012. 19 evropis socialuri qartia (Sesworebuli), strasburgi, 3.V.1996 23
Initiative on Human Rights), 20 biznesi socialuri pasuxismgeblobisatvis (Business for Social Responsibility), 21 daniuri instituti adamianis uflebebisatvis (the Danish Institute for Human Rights), instituti adamianis uflebebisa da biznesisatvis (the Institute for Human Rights and Business), 22 saertasoriso biznes liderta forumi (the International Business Leaders Forum) 23 da a.s. gaeros globaluri SeTanxmeba gaeros globaluri SeTanxmeba 24 Sedga 2000 wels da warmoadgens mowodebas kompaniebisatvis msoflio masstabit, rata mat TavianTi strategia da saqmianoba SesabamisobaSi moiyvanon adamianis uflebebis, Sromis, garemos dacvis da antikorkufciul sakitxebtan dakavsirebul im at universalurad ariarebul principtan, romelsac SeTanxmeba gvtava- 20 es organizacia Seiqmna 2009 wlis aprilsi da misi mizania ganavitaros adamianis uflebebi biznesis konteqstsi. igi moicavs kompaniebs mteli msoflios masstabit. xelmisawvdomia: http://www.global-business-initiative.org/about/ 21 am organizacias ofisebi mteli msoflios masstabit aqvs da musaobs biznesis mier gamowveuli socialuri da garemo zegavlenis gasaumjobeseblad. xelmisawvdomia: http://www.bsr.org/en/about/bsr 22 organizacia (think tank), romelic awarmoebs kvlevebs biznessa da adamianis uflebebze 23 saertasoriso biznes-liderebis organizacia, romelic ikvelevs biznes-kompaniebis rols sazogadoebasi 24 Overview of the UN Global Compact, xelmisawvdomia: https://www.unglobalcompact.org/aboutthegc/index.html 24
zobs. SeTanxmeba aseve mouwodebs kompaniebs, miiron zomebi gaeros miznebis mxardasawerad. dreisatvis globaluri SeTanxmeba warmoadgens yvelaze farto nebayoflobit iniciativas msofliosi, romelic dakavsirebulia korporaciul pasuxismgeblobasa da mdgrad ganvitarebastan. globaluri SeTanxmeba yoveldriurad fartovdeba. jerjerobit yvelaze uprecendento zrda dafiqsirda 2011 wels, rodesac am iniciativas 1861 kompania SeuerTda - am ricxvma 54%-iT gazarda 2010 wlis igive monacemi. gaeros generalurma mdivanma momdevno miznad dasaxa 2020 wlisatvis 20000 kompaniis CarTuloba. dreisatvis globalur SeTanxmebaSi CarTulia daaxlovebit 7 500 kompania 140-mde qveynidan. 25 gaeros globaluri SeTanxmeba warmoadgens pirdapir kavsirs gaerosa da kompaniebs Soris, rac gansxvavdeba tradiciuli CarCosgan, rodesac saxelmwifoebi axdenen SeTanxmebebis ratifikacias. globaluri SeTanxmebis yvela princips, romelic qvemo- Taa mocemuli, SeuZlia zegavlenis moxdena adamianis uflebebze. mnisvnelovania ganvixilot globaluri SeTanxmebis ative principi imdenad, ramdenadac Ti- Toeuli matgani warmoadgens pirdapir mititebas kompaniebisatvis, Tu rogor unda daicvan adamianis uflebebi. 25 Note on the United Nations Global Compact and Business and Human Rights: August 2013, xelmisawvdomia: https://www.unglobalcompact.org/docs/issues_doc/human_rights/note_on _Global_Compact_Business_Human_Rights.pdf 25
principi 1 - biznesi mxars unda uwerdes da pativs cemdes saertasoriso doneze ariarebul adamianis uflebebs SeTanxmeba acxadebs, rom adamianis uflebata Sinaarsis gasacnobad, kompaniebma unda ixelmzrvanelon adamianis uflebata saertasoriso bilit da Sromis saertasoriso organizaciis (ILO) ZiriTadi konvenciebit. 26 SeTanxmeba aseve arnisnavs, rom kompaniebma unda gaitvaliswinon sami faqtori im farglebis gansasazrvrad, ra farglebsic mat evalebat adamianis uflebata pativiscema an sxva sityvebit rom vtqvat - gaitvaliswinon riski adamianis uflebebze im potenciuri uaryofiti zegavlenisa, romelic matma biznes saqmianobam SeiZleba gamoiwvios: 1. qveyana da adgilobrivi garemo biznes saqmianobisatvis; 2. sakutari saqmianobit iwvevs (an xels uwyobs, gamoiwvios) Tu ara kompania uaryofit zegavlenas adamianis uflebebze - magalitad, masin, rodesac kompaniebi moqmedeben rogorc mwarmoeblebi, momsaxurebis mimwodeblebi, damsaqmeblebi da mezoblebi; 3. kompaniis urtiertobis gaanalizeba mtavrobastan, biznes partniorebtan, momwodebleb- Tan da sxva arasaxelmwifoebriv motamaseeb- Tan imisatvis, rom kompaniam Seafasos, aris Tu ara mattan urtiertoba riskis Semcveli adamianis uflebata darrvevis kutxit. 26 Global Compact Principle One, "Businesses should support and respect the protection of internationally proclaimed human rights, xelmisawvdomia: https://www.unglobalcompact.org/aboutthegc/thetenprinciples/principl e1.html 26
SeTanxmeba rekomendacias azlevs kompaniebs, rom SeimuSavon samoqmedo gegma, romelic gaitvaliswinebs adamianis uflebata pativiscemis pasuxismgeblobas da romelsac moiwonebs kompaniis Sida sabwo an sxva msgavsi organo. globaluri SeTanxmeba aseve arnisnavs, rom movaleobebisatvis praqtikuli mnisvnelobis miniwebis miznit, detaluri xelmzrvaneloba da mititebebi sawiroa konkretul funqciur sferoebsi. SeTanxmeba Seicavs, rogorc sxvadasxva kompaniebis adamianis uflebata politikis/samoqmedo gegmis nimuss, 27 aseve mititebebs kompaniebisatvis, Tu rogor unda Seadginon sakutari gegma/programa. 28 adamianis uflebata dacvis Sesaxeb srulad integrirebuli samoqmedo gegma unda Seicavdes xelmzrvanelobis dawvrilebit midgomas. SeTanxmebaSi arnisnulia, rom aseti midgomis mtavari elementebia: 1. adamianis uflebebze zegavlenisa da riskebis Sefaseba; SeTanxmeba acxadebs, rom am miznit, kompaniebma unda gadadgan proaqtiuli nabijebi imis gasagebad, Tu rogor SeiZleba moqmedma da samomavlo saqmianobam ganapirobos (an xeli Seuwyos) adamianis uflebebze zemoqmedebas, aseve Tu rogor SeiZleba kompaniis saqmianoba pirdapir ukavsirdebodes aset zemoqmedebas; 27 Business And Human Rights Resource Centre Company Policy Statements on Human Rights, xelmisawvdomia: http://business-humanrights.org/en/company-policy-statements-onhuman-rights 28 A Guide for Business How to Develop a Human Rights Policy, xelmi- sawvdomia:https://www.unglobalcompact.org/docs/issues_doc/human_- rights/resources/hr_policy_guide.pdf 27
2. adamianis uflebata politikis integracia kompaniasi; 3. garkveuli zomebis mireba; SeTanxmeba acxadebs, rom Sesabamisi qmedebebi kompaniebis mixedvit icvleba imis gatvaliswinebit,tu (a) kompaniam gamoiwvia zemoqmedeba an xeli Seuwyo mas, an (b) kompania, Tavisi biznes urtiertobebit, pirdapir aris dakavsirebuli am zegavlenastan. im SemTxvevaSi, Tu saxeze gvaqvs (a) piroba, kompaniam unda Sewyvitos, an Tavidan aicilos es zegavlena. Tu saxeze gvaqvs (b) piroba, kompaniam unda gamoiyenos xelmisawvdomi berketebi, rata Tavidan aicilos an Seamciros es zemoqmedeba; 4. Sesrulebis monitoringi; procesis monitoringi da auditi sasualebas azlevs kompanias, Tvalyuri adevnos mimdinare vitarebas; 5. Sesrulebis komunikacia/setyobineba; SeTanxmeba acxadebs, rom aset komunikacias unda gaacndes specialuri forma da sixsire, unda asaxavdes kompaniis zemoqmedebas adamianis uflebebze, xelmisawvdomi iyos samizne sazogadoebisatvis da moicavdes sakmaris informacias dainteresebuli mxareebistvis, ra- Ta Sefasdes kompaniis reaqciis adekvaturoba zemoqmedebaze. SeTanxmeba aseve moicavs magalitebs, Tu rogor SeiZleba kompaniebma mxari dauwiron da pativi scen adamianis uflebebs TavianT yoveldriur saqmianobasi. mat Soris: samusao adgilze: - usafrtxo da janmrteli samusao pirobebis uzrunvelyofa; - Sekrebis Tavisuflebis uzrunvelyofa; 28
- diskriminaciis akrzalva personals Soris; - pirdapiri an arapirdapiri izulebiti Sromis an mcirewlovanta Sromis gamouyenebloba; - wvdoma sayoveltao jandacvaze, zogad ganatlebaze da rig SemTxvevebSi, dasaqmebulebisa da mati ojaxebis sacxovreblit uzrunelyofa. sazogadoebasi: - pirebis da pirta jgufebis izulebit gadaadgilebis prevencia; - adgilobrivi mosaxleobis ekonomikuri saarsebo wyaros dacvaze musaoba; - relevantur sakitxebze sajaro diskusiasi monawileobis mireba; - diferencirebuli fasebit an produqciis patara porciebad dafasovebis gzit, axali bazris Seqmna, romelic sasualebas miscems Rarib mosaxleobas, isargeblos im saqonlit da momsaxurebit, romelsac is sxvagvarad ver miirebs; - gogonebisatvis ganatlebis uflebis xel- Sewyoba iset sazogadoebasi, sadac qals ganatlebis mirebis SesaZlebloba ara aqvs. 29
principi 2 - biznesi ar unda gaxdes adamianta uflebebis darrvevis Tanamonawile SeTanxmeba ganmartavs, rom Tanamonawileoba nisnavs CarTulobas im uflebadarrvevebsi, romelic gamowveulia sxva kompaniis, mtavrobis, fizikuri piris an pirta jgufis mier. SesaZlo Tanamonawileobis riski mcirdeba (Tumca, srulad ar gamoiricxeba), Tu kompaniis menejmeti sistematurad iyenebs adamianis uflebata midgomebs, mat Soris samar- Tlebrivi kvlevis (due diligence) process, romelic faravs sawarmos biznes urtiertobebs. SeTanxmeba arnisnavs, rom amgvari Tanamonawileobis Tavidan asacileblad, kompaniebma unda gaitvaliswinon garkveuli faqtorebi, 29 mat Soris: Seafasa Tu ara kompaniam adamianis uflebata situacia im qveynebsi, sadac bizness awarmoebs (an apirebs awarmoos biznesi) imisatvis, rom dadgindes adamianis uflebata mosalodneli darrvevebi da kompaniis potenciuri gavlena am situaciaze; gaacnia Tu ara kompanias konkretuli gegma, romlis mixedvitac icavs im dasaqmebulta/mu- SaTa uflebebs, romlebic pirdapir yavs dasaqmebuli an dasaqmebulia am kompaniis ert-ert filialsi; aqvs Tu ara kompanias monitoringis sistema adamianis uflebata dacvis politikis danergvis uzrunvelsayofad; 29 Global Compact Principle Two, "Businesses should make sure they are not complicit in human rights abuses," xelmisawvdomia: https://www.unglobalcompact.org/aboutthegc/thetenprinciples/principle2. html 30
axorcielebs Tu ara kompania Ria dialogs dainteresebul mxareebtan, mat Soris, samoqalaqo sazogadoebriv organizaciebtan; iyenebs Tu ara kompania mis xelt arsebul berketebs im mxareebis winaarmdeg, romlebic ar- Rveven adamianis uflebebs; aqvs Tu ara kompanias konkretuli gegma imis uzrunvelsayofad, rom kompaniis usafrtxoebis zomebma ar gamoiwvios adamianis uflebata darrveva; gmobs Tu ara kompania sistematur da gangrzobad uflebadarrvevebs oficialurad/araoficialurad; damatebiti detalebi am konteqstsi Tanamonawileobis cnebis Sesaxeb mocemulia adamianis uflebebze, transnacionalur korporaciebze da sxva biznes sawarmoebze gaeros specialuri warmomadgenelis angarissi. 30 30 Human Rights Council, Promotion and Protection of All Human Rights, Civil, Political, Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, Including the Right to Development, Clarifying the Concepts of Sphere of influence and Complicity, Report of the Special Representative of the Secretary-General on the Issue of Human Rights and Transnational Corporations and other Business Enterprises, John Ruggie, Summary Human Rights Council, Eighth session, 15 May 2008, xelmisawvdomia: http://www.reports-and-materials.org/ruggie-companion-report-15-may- 2008.pdf 31
principi 3 - biznesma mxari unda dauwiros gaertianebis Tavisuflebas da koleqtiuri SromiTi SeTanxmebis uflebis ariarebas SeTanxmeba arnisnavs, rom damsaqmeblebi ar unda Caerion dasaqmebulta gaertianebis TavisuflebaSi, aseve ar unda moaxdinon dasaqmebulta an mati warmomadgenlebis diskriminacia. gaertianebis Tavisufleba moicavs damsaqmeblebis, profesiuli kavsirebis, dasaqmebulta warmomadgenlebis uflebas Tavisuflad ganixilon samsaxurtan dakavsirebuli sakitxebi da miarwion yvelasatvis misareb SeTanxmebas. es ufleba aseve moicavs zomebis mirebas dasaqmebulebis (da organizaciebis) mier TavianTi ekonomikuri da socialuri interesebis dasacavad. SeTanxmeba koleqtiur SromiT SeTanxmebas Semdegnairad ganmartavs: koleqtiuri SromiTi SeTanxmeba exeba nebayoflobit process an saqmianobas, romlis mesveobitac dasaqmebulebi molaparakebebs awarmoeben da ganixilaven iset aqtualur sakitxebs, rogoricaa samusaos wesebi da pirobebi da urtier- Tobebis daregiulireba damsaqmeblebs, dasaqmebulebs da mat organizaciebs Soris. koleqtiuri SromiTi SeTanxmebis monawileebi arian Tavad damsaqmeblebi da mati organizaciebi, profkavsirebi an mati aryofnis SemTxvevaSi dasaqmebulta mier danisnuli warmomadgenlebi. koleqtiuri SromiTi SeTanxmebis uflebis ariarebis mtavari nawilia ketilsindisierebis principi da igi mnisvnelovania SromiTi urtiertobebis harmoniuli ganvitarebisatvis. 31 31 Businesses should uphold the freedom of association and the effective recognition of the right to collective bargaining, xelmisawvdomia: http://www.unglobalcompact.org.au/principle-areas/labour/principle-3/ 32
principi 4 - biznesma mxari unda dauwiros yvela formis izulebiti da savaldebulo Sromis armofxvras SeTanxmeba ganmartavs, 32 rom izulebiti da savaldebulo Sroma aris nebismieri saqmianoba an momsaxureba, romelic pirs sasjelis muqarit moetxoveba da am pirs Tavisi nebit ar SeuTavazebia. xelfasis an sxva saxis kompensaciis gadaxda dasaqmebulisatvis ar nisnavs, rom Sroma ar aris izulebiti an savaldebulo. dasaqmeba unda iyos Tavisuflad arcevadi da dasaqmebuls unda utovebdes SesaZleblobas, datovos samsaxuri Sesabamisi wesebis Tanaxmad. globaluri SeTanxmeba izleva izulebiti Sromis saxeebis vrcel CamonaTvals, romelic moicavs bavsvta Sromas gansakutrebulad Seuracxmyofel pirobebsi, rodesac bavsvs ara aqvs sasualeba aircios, imusavos Tu ara; eqspluatatorul praqtikas, rogoricaa arasamusao saatebsi izulebiti Sroma an xelfasis gadauxdeloba (romelic ukavsirdeba valis gadaxdit manipulacias, eqspluatacias da sxva saxis gamozalvas). SeTanxmeba aseve CamoTvlis im qmedebebs, romlebic SeiZleba kompaniebma am sferosi ganaxorcielon: SeimuSavon ertmnisvnelovani politika, romlis mixedvitac, ar gamoiyeneben (Tanamonawileebi ar iqnebian) an ar isargebleben izulebi- Ti SromiT; Seadginon SromiTi xelsekrulebebi iseti enit, romelic advilad gasagebi iqneba dasaq- 32 Global Compact Principle Four, "Businesses should uphold the elimination of all forms of forced and compulsory labour, xelmisawvdomia: https://www.unglobalcompact.org/aboutthegc/thetenprinciples/principl e4.html 33
mebultatvis da moicavs samsaxuris datovebis farglebs da proceduras; informirebulebi iyvnen im qveynebis, regionebis, industriebis, seqtorebis da ekonomikuri saqmianobis Sesaxeb, sadac izulebiti Sroma mosalodnelia. yuradrebit akontrolon momaragebis qselebi da qvekontraqtortan dadebuli SeTanxmebebi. principi 5 - biznesma mxari unda dauwiros bavsvta Sromis realur gauqmebas globaluri SeTanxmebis Tanaxmad, termini `bav- Svi~ moicavs yvela gogonas da vajs 18 wlis asakamde. Tumca, es ar gulisxmobs, rom 18 wlamde asakis yvela piristvis musaoba dausvelebia. saertasoriso standartebi ganasxvaveben, ra aris misarebi da ra aris miurebeli sxvadasxva asakis da ganvitarebis doneze myofi arasrulwlovnebis Sromis kutxit. Sromis saertasoriso organizaciis konvenciebi 33 gansazrvraven im samartlebriv CarCos, romelisic unda moeqces erovnuli samartali minimaluri samusao asakis gansasazrvrad. am standartebis mixedvit, samusao asaki iwyeba savaldebulo saskolo ganatlebis dasrulebis Semdgom da arc ert SemTxvevaSi - 15 wlamde. ufro adreul asaksi musaoba nebadartulia mxolod gardamavali periodit iset qveynebsi, sadac ekonomikuri da ganatlebis sasualebebi naklebad ganvitarebulia, aset SemTxvevaSi, minimaluri asakia 14 weli, xolo 12 weli - ufro msubuqi samusaos Sesasru- 33 konvencia samusaoze misarebi minimaluri asakis Sesaxeb # 138 da konvencia bavsvta Sromis ukiduresi formebis Sesaxeb # 182 34
leblad. minimaluri asaki gansxvavebulia saxifato samusaos pirobebsi da Seadgens 18 wels yvela qveynisatvis. 34 SeTanxmeba izleva im zomebis CamonaTvals, romlebic kompaniebma unda miiron bavsvta Sromis Tavidan asacileblad: miiron informacia im qveynebis, regionebis, seqtorebis da ekonomikuri saqmianobis Sesaxeb, sadac arsebobs bavsvta Sromis didi alba- Toba da Sesabamisad -Tavisi politikit da saqmianobit, moaxdinon reagireba; TanamSromelTa ayvanis processi asakis dadgenisas, gamoiyenon adekvaturi da gadamowmebadi meqanizmi; gamoiyenon gavlena qvekontraqtorebze, momwodeblebze da sxva afilirebul biznes sawarmoebze, rata ertad ebrzolon bavsvta Sromas. 34 Global Compact Principle Five,"Businesses should uphold the effective abolition of child labour,"xelmisawvdomia: https://www.unglobalcompact.org/aboutthegc/thetenprinciples/principl e5.html 35
principi 6 - biznesi mxars unda uwerdes dasaqmebasa da saqmianobastan dakavsirebit diskriminaciis armofxvras globaluri SeTanxmeba arnisnavs, 35 rom dasaqmebasa da saqmianobastan dakavsirebit diskriminacia nisnavs gansxvavebul mopyrobas an naklebad xelsayrel mopyrobas im safuzvlebze dayrdnobit, romelic ar ukavsirdeba damsaxurebas an samusaos Ziri- Tad motxovnas. erovnul samartalsi es safuzlebi ZiriTadad moicavs rasas, kanis fers, sqess, religias, politikur Sexedulebas, erovnul warmosobas, socialur warmosobas, asaks, SezRudul SesaZleblobebs da seqsualur orientacias. Tumca, me-6 principi uflebas azlevs kompaniebs, mxedvelobasi iqonion sxva safuzvlebic, romelze dayrdnobitac SesaZlebelia moxdes diskriminacia dasaqmebasa da saqmianobastan dakavsirebit. SeTanxmeba acxadebs, rom diskriminacia SeiZleba warmoisvas uamravi samsaxurtan dakavsirebuli saqmianobidan da moicavdes dasaqmebaze wvdomas, konkretul saqmianobasi dawinaurebas, treiningebs da Svebulebas. SeTanxmebis Tanaxmad, diskriminaciuli mopyroba SeiZleba iyos rogorc pirdapiri - rodesac kanoni, wesi da praqtika mkafiod arnisnavs Tanaswori mopyrobis sawinaarmdego mizezs (magali- Tad, sqesi an rasa) - aseve arapirdapiri, romelic ufro fartodaa gavrcelebuli da moicavs iset Sem- Txvevebs, rodesac wesebi da praqtika erti SexedviT 35 Global Compact Principle 6, "Businesses should uphold the elimination of discrimination in respect of employment and occupation," xelmisawvdomia: https://www.unglobalcompact.org/aboutthegc/thetenprinciples/principl e6.html 36
neitraluria, Tumca mainc safuzvels udebs usamar- Tlo gansxvavebul mopyrobas. SeTanxmeba izleva im zomebis CamonaTvals, romelic kompaniebma unda miiron diskriminaciis Tavidan asacileblad: daaweson marali donis pasuximgebloba diskriminaciuli mopyrobisatvis, SeimuSavon ertmnisvnelovani politika da samoqmedo gegma Tanaswori samusao pirobebis uzrunvelsayofad; TiToeul SemTxvevaSi guldasmit Seafason da gadawyviton, ukavsirdeba Tu ara gansxvavebuli mopyroba samusaos ZiriTad motxovnas da Tavidan aicilon iseti motxovnebis daweseba, romelic sistematurad aratanabar pirobebsi Caayenebs garkveul jgufebs; rodesac adgili aqvs diskriminaciis SemTxvevas dasaqmebultatvis, ganavitaron procedurebi sacivrebis gansaxilvelad da daxmarebis armosacenad; Caataron treiningebi dasaqmebultatvis diskriminaciis akrzalvis politikasa da praqtikaze, mat Soris - SezRuduli SesaZleblobebis mqone pirta Sesaxeb informirebulobis amarlebaze. Sesabamisad moawyon samusao garemo ise, rom uzrunvelyofili iyos dasaqmebulebis, momxmareblebis da sxva SezRuduli SesaZleblobebis mqone pirta janmrteloba da usafrtxoeba. 37
principi 7- biznesma mxari unda dauwiros garemos mimart frtxil damokidebulebas frtxili damokidebulebis asaxsnelad, SeTanxmeba mimartavs 1992 wlis rios deklaraciis 36 me-15 princips, romelic acxadebs, rom `rodesac arsebobs seriozuli da gamousworebeli zianis safrtxe, mecnieruli faqtis daumtkicebloba ar SeiZleba gamoyenebul iyos imis mizezad, rom gadaidos garemos dacvisken mimartuli zomebis gamoyeneba.~ SeTanxmebaSi arnisnulia, rom sifrtxile moicavs riskebis Sefasebis, menejmentis da komunikaciis sistemur ganxorcielebas. globaluri SeTanxmeba aseve izleva im saqmianobis magalitebs, rac kompaniebs SeuZliaT ganaxorcielon am sferosi, 37 mat Soris: TavianTi saqmianobistvis an produqciistvis ganavitaron qcevis kodeqsi an praqtika, romelic adasturebs mati mxridan zrunvas garemosa da janmrtelobis mimart; ganavitaron kompaniis gaidlainebi, romelic mudmivad gamoiyeneba mtlianad kompaniasi garemos dacvastan dakavsirebit; Seqmnan menejerta komiteti an jgufi, romelic zedamxedevelobas gauwevs kompaniis mier sifrtxilis zomebis gamoyenebas, gansakutre- 36 rios deklaracia garemosa da ganvitarebaze, 1992, Principle 15, Precautionary Approach 37 Global Compact Principle 7, "Businesses should support a precautionary approach to environmental challenges," xelmisawvdomia: https://www.unglobalcompact.org/aboutthegc/thetenprinciples/principl e7.html 38
bit ki riskebis menejments sensitiur sferoebsi; sxvadasxva industriis warmomadgenlebma itanamsromlon aqtiurad, rata moxdes codnis da gamocdilebis gacvla, gansakutrebit ki im warmoebis procesebtan da produqciastan dakavsirebit, sadac arsebobs gaurkvevlobis ma- Rali done da potenciuri riski. principi 8 - biznesi valdebulia propaganda gauwios garemos dacvis mimart met pasuxismgeblobas garemos dacvis mimart pasuxismgeblobis cnebis gansasazrvrad, globaluri SeTanxmeba miutitebs 38 1992 wlis rios dedamiwis samitis mier mirebuli gadawyvetilebebis 30-e Tavze, 39 romelic Seexeba biznesis da industriebis rols (mdgradi ganvitarebis kutxit): `biznesma da industriam unda gazardos TviTregulacia da ixelmzrvanelos Sesabamisi normatiuli aqtebit da iniciativebit da moaxdinos ma- Ti integracia biznesis dagegmvis yvela elementsi da gadawvetilebebis mirebis processi, xeli Seuwyos dialogs dasaqmebulebtan da sazogadoebastan.~ 38 Global Compact Principle 8, "Businesses should undertake initiatives to promote greater environmental responsibility," xelmisawvdomia: https://www.unglobalcompact.org/aboutthegc/thetenprinciples/principl e8.html 39 United Nations Conference on Environment & Development, Rio de Janerio, Brazil, 1992, United Nations Sustainable Development, para. 30.26 39
globaluri SeTanxmeba izleva im saqmianobis magalitebs, rac kompaniebs SeuZliaT ganaxorcielon am sferosi, mat Soris: Tavidan gansazrvron kompaniis xedva, politika da strategia, romelic moicavs mdgradi ganvitarebis sam ZiriTad elements - ekonomikur ketildreobas, garemostvis zrunvas da socialur Tanasworobas; ganavitaron mdgradobis miznebi da indikatorebi (ekonomikuri, garemo, socialuri); daiwyon mdgradi produqciisa da moxmarebis programa cxadi miznebit, romelic kompanias miiyvans standartebis daculobamde mravalwlian perspeqtivasi; imusaon mimwodeblebtan garemos gaumjobesebis miznit, gaavrcelon es pasuxismgebloba produqciisa da miwodebis qselze; Tvalyuri miadevnon, Seafason da warmoadginon progresi, romelic am kutxit miarwies. principi 9 - biznesma xeli unda Seuwyos iseti teqnologniebis ganvitarebasa da gamoyenebas, romelic ar azianebs garemos globaluri SeTanxmeba arnisnavs, 40 rom teqnologiebi, romlebic ar abinzureben garemos, arian naklebi zianis momtanni, vidre Zveli teqnologiebi. ase- 40 Global Compact Principle 9, "Businesses should encourage the development and diffusion of environmentally friendly technologies," xelmisawvdomia: https://www.unglobalcompact.org/aboutthegc/thetenprinciples/principl e9.html 40
Ti teqnologiebi ufro efeqturad iyeneben resursebs, axdenen narcenebis da produqciis gadamusavebas, uketesad umklavdebian iset narcenebs, romlebic gadamusavebas ar eqvemdebarebian. SeTanxmebaSi miti- Tebulia is gzebi, Tu rogor unda Seuwyos biznesma xeli iseti teqnologiebis ganvitarebasa da gamoyenebas, romelic ar azianebs garemos. mat Soris aris: teqnologiebis gaumjobeseba qarxnebis Ziri- Tad teritoriaze (a) warmoebis teqnikis Secvlis gzit, (b) Sesatani masalebis Secvlis gzit, (g) produqtis Secvlis gzit da (d) masalebis Tavidan gamoyenebis gzit. principi 10 - biznesma unda ibrzolos korufciis nebismieri gamovlenis winaarmdeg, gamozalvisa da meqrtameobis CaTvliT SeTanxmeba acxadebs, rom korufcia SeiZleba iyos mravali saxis, Zalauflebis mciredi gamoyenebidan dawyebuli, insitucionaluri meqrtameobit dasrulebuli. 41 SeTanxmeba miutitebs `saertasoriso gamwvirvaleobis~ mier SemuSavebul korufciis ganmartebaze, romlis Tanaxmadac, korufcia aris `mini- Webuli uflebamosilebis borotad gamoyeneba piradi mogebis mirebis miznit.~ es gulisxmobs rogorc finansur, aseve arafinansur upiratesobebsac. 41 Global Compact Principle 10, "Businesses should work against corruption in all its forms, including extortion and bribery," xelmisawvdomia: https://www.unglobalcompact.org/aboutthegc/thetenprinciples/principl e10.html 41