A/5094U7 Lobbying The Art of Political Persuasion by Lionel Zetter
Contents Preface xxiii Part One - Introduction To Lobbying 1 1.1 Definitions 3 1.2 History 6 1.3 Ethics And Regulation 9 1.4 Funding And Donations 19 Part Two - The Mechanics Of Lobbying 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 Rationale For Lobbying 2.1.1 2.1.2 Threat Opportunity Types Of Lobbying Programme 2.2.1 2.2.2 2.2.3 2.2.4 Starting A Career In Lobbying 2.3.1 2.3.2 2.3.3 2.3.4 2.3.5 Profile raising Contact programme Policy shaping changing Academic qualifications Internships Advertisements Websites Recruitment consultancies Appointing A Lobbying Consultancy 2.4.1 2.4.2 2.4.3 2.4.4 Written proposal Presentation Contractual benchmarks Freelancers 23 25 25 26 31 31 32 42 50 53 54 54 55 55 56 62 62 63 65 66
Lobbying - The Art of Political Persuasion Part Three - Tools Of Lobbying 69 3.1 Monitoring And Intelligence 71 3.1.1 In-house monitoring 72 3.1.2 Monitoring agencies 76 3.1.3 Public affairs consultancy monitoring 79 3.2 Reference Tides 81 3.3 Opinion Polling 83 3.4 Relationship Management 85 3.5 Online Campaigning 88 3.6 The Media 91 Part Four - Lobbying Whitehall And Westminster 95 4.1 The Civil Service 99 4.2 4.3 4.1.1 4.1.2 4.1.3 4.1.4 4.1.5 Political Parties House Of Commons 4.3.1 4.3.2 4.3.3 4.3.4 4.3.5 4.3.6 4.3.7 4.3.8 4.3.9 4.3.10 4.3.11 4.3.12 4.3.13 4.3.14 Whitehall Contacting civil servants Special Advisers Executive agencies and non-departmental public bodies Regulators The prime minister The cabinet Ministers Parliamentary Private Secretaries Whips Members of Parliament The Queen's Speech Select committees Consultation documents Early Day Motions Business questions Petitions Oral questions Prime minister's questions 100 102 106 108 111 116 119 120 127 133 137 138 141 143 147 152 154 156 157 159 162
Contents 4.3.15 Written questions 164 4.3.16 Written Ministerial Statements 165 4.3.17 All-Party Parliamentary Groups 166 4.3.18 Party committees and groups 168 4.3.19 Exhibitions 169 4.3.20 4.3.21 4.3.22 4.3.23 4.3.24 use Of Lords 4.4.1 4.4.2 4.4.3 4.4.4 4.4.5 4.4.6 4.4.7 4.4.8 4.4.9 Function rooms Mass lobbies Debates Finance The cabinet Ministers Whips Queen's Speech Select committees Oral questions Written questions Debates 170 172 172 175 180 187 188 189 189 190 191 192 194 194 195 Part Five - Lobbying Other United Kingdom Institutions 203 5.1 Scottish Parliament 205 5.1.1 5.1.2 5.1.3 5.1.4 5.1.5 5.1.6 5.1.7 5.1.8 5.1.9 Powers First minister Cabinet Committees Oral questions Written questions Motions Petitions 207 209 211 212 215 216 218 218 219 5.2 Scottish Government 221 5.3 Scotland Office 225 5.4 Scottish Affairs Select Committee 226 5.5 Scottish Grand Committee 227
Lobbying - The Art of Political Persuasion 5.6 National Assembly For Wales 229 5.7 5.8 5.9 5.6.1 5.6.2 5.6.3 5.6.4 5.6.5 5.6.6 5.6.7 5.6.8 5.6.9 5.6.10 Wales Office Powers First minister Cabinet Departments Finances Debates Committees Questions Petitions Welsh Affairs Select Committee Welsh Grand Committee 230 231 232 234 235 236 237 238 239 240 241 242 243 5.10 Northern Ireland Assembly 246 5.10.1 Powers 247 5.10.2 First minister and deputy first minister 248 5.10.3 Executive committee 248 5.10.4 249 5.10.5 Finance 250 5.10.6 Debates 251 5.10.7 Committees 251 5.10.8 Questions 252 5.10.9 Petitions 253 5.11 Northern Ireland Executive Departments 254 5.12 Northern Ireland Office 257 5.13 Northern Ireland Affairs Select Committee 258 5.14 Northern Ireland Grand Committee 259 5.15 Greater London Authority 262 5.15.1 Mayor of London 263 5.15.2 London Assembly 265 5.15.3 Finances 266 5.16 Local Government 269 5.16.1 Structure 269 5.16.2 Planning 276
Contents 5.16.3 Licensing 281 5.16.4 Procurement 282 5.17 Parliamentary Commissioner For Administration (The Ombudsman) 284 5.18 Judiciary 285 5.18.1 Pepper v Hart 285 5.18.2 Judicial Review 286 5.18.3 Human Rights Act 288 5.18.4 European Court of Justice 289 Part Six - Lobbying The European Union 291 6.1 History And Background 293 6.2 Council Of Ministers 300 6.2.1 6.2.2 6.2.3 6.2.4 301 305 306 307 6.3 European Commission 310 6.3.1 6.3.2 6.3.3 6.3.4 6.3.5 310 312 314 316 319 6.4 European Parliament 322 6.4.1 6.4.2 6.4.3 6.4.4 6.4.5 6.4.6 6.4.7 6.4.8 6.4.9 6.4.10 6.4.11 Presidency Comitology COREPER UKREP Powers President College of Commissioners Directorates- General UK offices President Members of the European Parliament Powers Parties and political groups Committees of the European Parliament Intergroups Questions Resolutions Petitions Ombudsman UK offices 323 324 326 327 329 332 333 334 334 335 336
Lobbying - The Art of Political Persuasion 6.5 Policy Formulation 338 6.5.1 Drivers 338 6.5.2 Policy Areas 340 6.5.3 Roles of the institutions 341 6.5.4 Documents 341 6.6 Legislative Process 343 6.6.1 European Union law - types 344 6.6.2 European Union law - procedures 345 6.7 Finances 349 6.8 Other European Union institutions 352 6.8.1 European Court of Justice 352 6.8.2 European Court of Auditors 353 6.8.3 European Economic and Social Committees 354 6.8.4 Committee of the Regions 354 6.8.5 European Central Bank 355 6.8.6 European Investment Bank 356 6.8.7 European Union Agencies 357 6.9 Other European Institutions 359 6.9.1 Council of Europe 359 6.9.2 European Court of Human Rights 360 Part Seven - Lobbying In The United States Of America 363 7.1 The Constitution 365 7.2 The President 368 7.3 The Senate 371 7.3.1 Senior positions 371 7.4 The House Of Representatives 373 7.4.1 Senior positions 373 7.5 Committees 375 7.5.1 Senate committees 375 7.5.2 House of Representatives committees 376
Contents 7.6 7.7 7.8 7.9 7.5.3 Finances Judiciary 7.8.1 7.8.2 The States Joint committees Supreme Court Other courts 378 379 383 387 387 388 7.10 Ultimate Lobbying 392 389 Part Eight - Lobbying In Asia 399 8.1 China 406 8.2 8.3 8.4 8.1.1 8.1.2 8.1.3 8.1.4 8.1.5 8.1.6 Hong Kong India 8.2.1 8.2.2 8.2.3 8.2.4 8.2.5 8.3.1 8.3.2 Japan 8.4.1 8.4.2 8.4.3 8.4.4 8.4.5 The Communist Party of China The State and Central People's Government The National People's Congress State Council People's Liberation Army The people Chief Executive Executive Council Hong Kong Government Legislative Council The future The legislative process Finances The Diet House of Representatives House of Councillors The government The future 406 407 407 407 408 408 410 411 411 411 412 412 414 415 417 418 418 419 420 420 421 XXI
Lobbying - The Art of Political Persuasion 8.5 Thailand 424 8.5.1 The National Assembly 424 8.6 Vietnam 427 8.7 Unique Challenges 430 Part Nine - Lobbying In The Middle East 433 9.1 United Arab Emirates 436 Bibliography 438 Websites 439 Index 441 XXII