Reconstruction Unit Vocabulary 1. Reconstruction: (1865 1877) Period of time following the Civil War during which the U.S. government worked to reunite the nation and to rebuild the southern states. 2. 13th Amendment: Outlawed slavery in the United States. 3. Lincoln's Plan: "Quick Peace" 10% of voters must swear loyalty to Union. Abolish slavery in south. Provide African Americans with rights. States could rejoin Union if all above criteria were met. 4. Johnson's Plan: Majority of white males swear loyalty to Union. Must ratify and accept 13th Amendment. 5. 14th Amendment: full rights of citizenship to all males born in the U.S. with the exception of Native Americans. 6. Radical Republican Plan: Ratify 14th Amendment, write new state Constitutions, allow black men to vote. 28 1
Civil War left South in ruins! Reconstruction 1865 1877 Roads, Bridges, Buildings, Machinery Destroyed. Confederate Money Worthless. Farmers had no $ or credit to buy seeds or pay workers. Newly freed slaves had difficulty finding work, earning liveable wages, many traveled to North but were unskilled/not hired to work in factories. 2
Question How should the south be treated after the Civil War? What qualifications should states need to meet in order to rejoin the Union? Evaluation: Was this plan fair? Was this plan too rigid on th South? Did this plan do enough to protect the rights of African Americans? 3 Plans for Reconstruction Lincoln's Plan Johnson's Plan Radical Republican's Plan Punished Forgiven 10 % of voters swear oath of loyalty to Union Must abolish slavery and follow 13th Amendment Fair Plan "Quick Peace" Not too hard for Southern states to re enter Union No protection put in place for African Americans Punished Forgiven x Majority of white men must swear loyalty to Union. States must ratify and accept 13th Amendment. Former Confederate officers will receive Presidential pardon and can vote and hold political offices. Fair Plan More severe than Lincoln's 10% Plan Few if any protections put in place for African Americans Punished x Forgiven Disband state governments Force states to adopt new Constitutions which incorporate 13th and 14th Amendments. Allow African American Men the right to vote Southerners felt Republican Plan was UNFAIR Difficult to meet demands and re join the Union African American rights were protected and enforced by the U.S. military. Military Rule 3
April 14, 1865 The Assassination of President Abraham Lincoln Five days after Lee surrenders to Grant, President Lincoln took a break from politics and attended an event at the Ford's Theatre in Washington D.C. At approximately 10:00 pm John Wilkes Booth (an actor) snuck into the presidential box and changed the course of history. Lincolns' Funeral Procession 4
Reconstruction Vocabulary 7. Assassination: The vicious murder of a prominent individual. 8. John Wilkes Booth: A Confederate sympathizer who assassinated President Lincoln. 9. Ford's Theater: The Washington D.C. site of Lincoln's Assassination. 10.Andrew Johnson: The 17th President of the United States takes office following the assassination of Abraham Lincoln. 11. KKK: Secret society created by white southerners that used terror and violence to keep African Americans from obtaining their rights. 5
Reconstruction Vocabulary 12. Freedman's Bureau: An agency established by Congress in 1865 to help poor people blacks/whites throughout the South. 13. Sharecropping: A system used on southern farms after the Civil War in which farmers worked land owned by someone else in return for a small portion of the crops. 14. Civil Rights Act 1866: A law that gave African Americans legal rights equal to those of whites. 15. Carpetbaggers: Northerners who went to the south following the Civil War for their own private gain of wealth and land. 16. Military Rule: U.S. soldiers sent to the south to maintain the peace and ensure African Americans were given their rights. 28 6
Reconstruction Vocabulary 28 17. 15th Amendment: The right to vote for African American men. 18. Poll Tax: A tax that had to be paid in order to vote. Designed to prohibit African Americans from voting. 19. Reconstruction Laws: Laws that put the former Confederate states under Military (control) Rule and required them to draft constitutions upholding the 14th and 15th Amendments. 20. Literacy Test: A test requiring African American men to read and write prior to voting. 7
Vocabulary 21. Grandfather Clause: Law requiring all men to have had a grandfather who met rules of citizenship in order to vote. This law prohibited blacks from voting due to slavery however, allowed poor whites who could not meet poll tax or literacy test requirements to vote. 22. Civil Rights Act of 1875: Protected all Americans, regardless of race in their access to public accommodations and facilities 23. Plessy vs. Ferguson 1896: Supreme Court decision which established the rules of segregation in separate but equal facilities. 24. Segregation: The forced separation of whites and blacks in public places. 25. Jim Crow Laws: Laws that enforced segregation in the southern states. 28 8
Reconstruction Policies Politics Disputes between Executive and Legislative Branches President : Andrew Johnson Congress : Republican dominated split into two groups/factions Moderates Easy terms for South Radicals Tougher terms for South re admittance Re make South into North's image President Johnson 9
Connect 1865 to 2015 Task: You have just heard that Abraham Lincoln was shot and killed at Ford's Theater in Washington D.C. send out a tweet to let others know! greatest president ever #thepresidentsdead Booth blew out his brains #shotinthehead 10
Reconstruction 2015.notebook Civil Rights in Post-War South 13th Amendment Sharecropping Freedman's Bureau 11
A Lesson in Sharecropping: Farmer Bob and Farmer Fred 12
Politics Prevail! Radical Republicans take charge of Congress Rights of blacks need to be protected in South. Instituted 14th Amendment equal protection to all regardless of race. The 14th Amendment overturned the Dred Scott Supreme Court decision. Placed South under Military Rule. Required South to allow equal voting rights to eligible blacks. 13
Impeach President Johnson! 1868 Johnson charged with misconduct by Congress when he dismissed Sec. of War Stanton. Congress stated that Stanton could not be dismissed (fired) according to Tenure of Office Act. What was the REAL issue?????? Radical Republicans were dissatisfied with Johnson's support and enforcement of Civil War legislation (Ex. 14th Amendment and protections) Johnson is ACQUITTED in Congress by ONE VOTE! 14
Election 1868 1st Post Civil War Presidential Election Andrew Johnson (Incumbent) does not run for 2nd term. Democratic Candidate Horation Seymour Republican Candidate Ulysses S. Grant Grant Wins! Grant wins election of 1866 with help of "black vote"...african Americans refer to Republican party as the "Party of Lincoln" Lincoln was the Great Emancipator! 15
Reconstruction Thrives in the South! Huge industrial improvements help the Southern Economy slowly recover from the Civil War. Built Railroads, Roads, Public Buildings (Schools, Courthouses, Post Offices, etc.) 16
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South Denies 15th Amendment to Blacks Poll Tax Literacy Test How African Americans were kept from voting. Violence KKK Grandfather Clause 18
Racism in South Remains and Worsens! Groups of white supremists intent upon terrorizing and killing blacks grows and flourishes during the post war period. 19
Republican's Lose Majority Control of Congress The 1875 Civil Rights Act The final act of the Republican dominated Congress passed the Civil Rights Act of 1875. It protected all Americans, regardless of race, in their access to public accommodations and facilities such as restaurants, theaters, trains and other public transportation, and protected the right to serve on juries. However, the act was not enforced in either the North or South. 20
How successful was Reconstruction of South? White Southerners resist African American Equality. Southern States deny existence of 15th Amendment. Sharecropping continues to keep African Americans in slave like conditions. KKK flourishes. African American rights dissolve. 21
26. Suffrage: Vote Vocabulary 28 27. Redeemers: Democrats who brought their party back to power in the south following Reconstruction. 28. Hiram Revels: The son of a former slave becomes the first African American elected to the Senate. 29. Compromise of 1877: Deal brokered between Northern Republicans and Southern Democrats giving the Presidency to Hayes while removing troops from the South and permitting Southern states to make their own laws regarding African Americans. 22
African American Rights Dissolve Segregation is Born! Poll Tax Poll taxes enacted in Southern states between 1889 and 1910 prohibiting many blacks as well as poor whites from the right to vote. Payment of the tax was a prerequisite for voting. Jim Crow Laws Southern States pass anti African American legislation. These laws became known as Jim Crow laws. Mandatory Separation of blacks/whites in the following: Public Schools Restaurants Hotels Movie Theaters Public Bathrooms Drinking Fountains Trains Buses Prohibited Marriage between Blacks/Whites 23
Separate Water Fountains Jim Crow Laws Segregated Schools 24
Focus: Does Treating People Equally Mean Treating Them the Same? Do Now: Directions Think about the following example and write your answers on looseleaf paper in complete sentences: What would it mean to treat people equally in the following situation? Two students try to enter a school that has stairs leading to the entrance. One student is handicapped and the other is not. What would the school have to do to treat these two students equally? 25
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Plessy v. Ferguson Separate but Equal Plessy v. Ferguson, case decided by the U.S. Supreme Court in 1896. The court upheld an 1890 Louisiana statute mandating racially segregated but equal railroad carriages, ruling that the equal protection clause of the Fourteenth amendment to the U.S. Constitution dealt with political and not social equality 27
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Connect 1890 to 2012 Task: You have just heard that Homer Plessy was denied access to the "whites only railroad car". Send out a tweet to let others know. Use one of today's vocabulary terms as your (#) plessy is not messy let the man sit #unconstitutional 29