Introduction to Policing, Third Edition Steven M. Cox - Western Illinois University Susan Marchionna - Criminal Justice Communications Consultant Brian D. Fitch - Los Angeles County Sheriff's Department ISBN: 9781506307541 Pub Date: 2/1/16 Price: $105 Page Count: 440 Availability Dates Sample Chapters Available Online: Ch. 1 & Ch. 8 Ancillaries: SAGE edge Course Cartridge: No Vitalsource: Yes Interactive E-book: Yes ANCILLARY GUIDE Student Study Site SAGE edge for Students provides a personalized approach to help students accomplish their coursework goals in an easy-to-use learning environment. Mobile-friendly eflashcards strengthen understanding of key terms and concepts Mobile-friendly practice quizzes allow for independent assessment by students of their mastery of course material A customized online action plan includes tips and feedback on progress through the course and materials, which allows students to individualize their learning experience Learning objectives that reinforce the most important material EXCLUSIVE! Access to full-text SAGE journal articles that have been carefully selected to support and expand on the concepts presented in each chapter Web resources extend and reinforce learning or allow for further research on important chapter topics Video and multimedia links includes original SAGE videos that appeal to students with different learning styles Web Exercises and meaningful web links facilitate student use of internet resources, further exploration of topics, and responses to critical thinking questions Answers to You Decide State Rankings Links Instructor Resource Site SAGE edge offers a robust online environment featuring an impressive array of tools and resources for review, study, and further exploration, keeping both instructors and students on the cutting edge of teaching and learning. SAGE edge content is open access and available on demand. Learning and teaching has never been easier! SAGE edge for Instructors supports teaching by making it easy to integrate quality content and create a rich Rollover Kit 2015 1
learning environment for students. Test banks provide a diverse range of pre-written options as well as the opportunity to edit any question and/or insert personalized questions to effectively assess students progress and understanding Sample course syllabi for semester and quarter courses provide suggested models for structuring one s course Editable, chapter-specific PowerPoint slides offer complete flexibility for creating a multimedia presentation for the course EXCLUSIVE! Access to full-text SAGE journal articles have been carefully selected to support and expand on the concepts presented in each chapter to encourage students to think critically Video and multimedia links includes original SAGE videos that appeal to students with different learning styles Lecture notes summarize key concepts by chapter to ease preparation for lectures and class discussions Web resources extend and reinforce learning or allow for further research on important chapter topics TABLE OF CONTENTS SIDE BY SIDE COMPARISON Second Edition PART I: FOUNDATIONS OF POLICING 1 Chapter 1: Policing in America 2 Chapter Learning Objectives 2 Brief Overview of the Roles and Functions of Police in Society 3 The Concept of Police 3 Size and Scope of the Law Enforcement Sector 5 Levels of Policing 6 Additional Types of Police 11 State Police 11 Special Jurisdiction Police 11 Sheriffs and Deputy Sheriffs 11 Auxiliary/ Reserve/Special Police 11 Conservation Police Officers, Game Wardens 12 Tribal Police Officers 13 Chapter Summary 13 Key Terms 13 Discussion Questions 14 Internet Exercises 14 Chapter 2: A Brief History of Police in the United States 16 Chapter Learning Objectives 16 Evolution of American Policing: An Overview 17 Early History of Policing 17 The Political Era 20 The Reform Era 24 Policing in the 1960s and 1970s 25 The Community Policing/Problem Solving Era (1980 Early 21st Century) 28 Some Contemporary Policing Strategies 30 Areal Policing 30 Reassurance Policing 31 Intelligence-Led or Intelligence-Based Policing 31 Terrorism-Oriented Policing 31 Diversity in Police Services 33 Third Edition PART I. FOUNDATIONS OF POLICING 1 Chapter 1. Policing in the United States 2 Chapter Learning Objectives 2 The Concept and Mandate of the Police 4 Scope of the Law Enforcement Sector 6 Levels of Policing 7 State Police 8 Federal Law Enforcement 8 A Changing Landscape 10 Additional Types of Police 12 Private Police 12 Special Jurisdiction Police 12 Sheriffs and Deputy Sheriffs 13 Auxiliary/Reserve/Special Police 13 Conservation Police Officers, Game Wardens 13 Tribal Police Officers 13 Chapter Summary 14 Key Terms 15 Discussion Questions 15 Internet Exercises 15 Chapter 2. A Brief History of Police in the United States 16 Chapter Learning Objectives 16 English Roots of Policing 17 The Evolution of Early U.S. Policing 18 The Political Era 19 Police Accountability 23 The Reform Era 23 The Era of Social Upheaval (1960s and 1970s) 24 Research on Police Effectiveness 25 The Community-Policing Era (1980 2000) 26 The Homeland Security Era (2001 Present) 28 Some Contemporary Policing Strategies 30 Intelligence-Led or Intelligence-Based Policing 30 Terrorism-Oriented Policing 30 Policing in the Past, Present, and Future 32 Rollover Kit 2015 2
Current Issues in Policing 34 Chapter Summary 35 Key Terms 36 Discussion Questions 36 Internet Exercises 36 Chapter 3: Police Organization and Administration: An Overview 38 Chapter Learning Objectives 38 Organizational Structures 39 Police Hierarchy and the Pyramid 40 The Paramilitary Structure 42 Functional Design 43 Operations Division 44 Patrol 44 Investigations 46 Administrative or Staff Services Division 47 Place Design 48 Time Design 51 Future Organizational Designs 51 Police Organizations in Context 53 Change in Police Organizations 53 Police Leadership 54 Police Chiefs 54 Police Unions, Professionalism, and Accreditation 55 Police Unions and Collective Bargaining 55 Police Professionalism 59 Police Unions and Professionalism 61 Accreditation 61 Chapter Summary 62 Key Terms 63 Discussion Questions 64 Internet Exercises 64 PART II: POLICE OPERATIONS 65 Chapter 4: Recruitment and Selection of Police Officers 66 Chapter Learning Objectives 66 The Importance of Recruitment and Selection 67 The Process of Recruitment and Selection 70 Equal Employment Opportunity and Affirmative Action 70 Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 73 Age Discrimination in Employment Act (ADEA) 73 The Americans With Disabilities Act 74 Entry-Level Recruitment and Selection 75 Status Tests 77 Physical Tests 78 Mental Tests 80 Psychological Tests 81 Tests of Morality 83 Background Investigations 83 Tests of Ability to Communicate 86 Supervisory Recruitment and Selection 89 Assessment Centers 90 Recruitment and Selection of Police Chiefs 92 Chapter Summary 93 Key Terms 94 Discussion Questions 95 Chapter Summary 33 Key Terms 34 Discussion Questions 34 Internet Exercises 34 Chapter 3. Police Organization and Administration 36 Chapter Learning Objectives 36 Organizational Structures 37 Police Hierarchy 38 Hierarchy and Communication 38 The Paramilitary Structure 40 Decentralized and Proactive Organizations 42 Police Organizations in Context 43 Operations Division 43 Patrol 43 Investigations 44 Administrative or Staff Services Division 47 Organizational Substructures 48 Functional Design 48 Geography 48 Scheduling 51 Handling Change in Police Organizations 51 Police Militarization 52 Police Unions and Collective Bargaining 53 Police Unions and Professionalism 56 Police Professionalism 57 Professional Literature and Research 58 Code of Ethics 58 Professional Associations 58 Self-Improvement 58 Academic Field 59 Accreditation 59 Chapter Summary 60 Key Terms 60 Discussion Questions 60 Internet Exercises 61 PART II. POLICE OPERATIONS 63 Selection of Police Officers 64 Chapter Learning Objectives 64 The Importance of Recruitment and Selection 65 Generational Issues 66 The Process 68 Antidiscrimination Legislation 68 Equal Employment Opportunity and Affirmative Action 68 Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 70 The Age Discrimination in Employment Act 71 The Americans with Disabilities Act 71 Entry-Level Recruitment and Selection 72 Costs of Outreach 72 Targeted Recruiting 73 Diversity 73 Monitoring and Evaluating 74 Recruiting and Retaining Women Officers 74 Women and Promotions 76 Recruiting and Retaining Officers of Color 76 Testing of Candidates 78 Status Tests 78 U.S. Citizenship 78 Preference Points 79 Age 79 Rollover Kit 2015 3
Internet Exercises 95 Chapter 5: Police Training and Education 96 Chapter Learning Objectives 96 Introduction 97 Police Training 97 How Much Training is Enough? 98 Types of Training 98 Basic Recruit Training 98 Field Training 100 In-service Training 103 Other Types of Training 108 Training and Police Leaders 109 Training Effectiveness 109 Purposes of Training 110 Who Should Conduct Police Training? 112 Police Education 113 Types of Police Education 115 Police Educational Requirements 117 College Education and Police Performance 117 Higher Education and the Police: A Continuing Controversy 120 Chapter Summary 123 Key Terms 124 Discussion Questions 124 Internet Exercises 125 Physical Tests 79 Physical Agility Tests 79 Height-Weight Proportion Tests 80 Vision Requirements 80 Medical Examinations 81 Mental Tests 81 Tests of Intelligence, Knowledge, or Aptitude 81 Psychological Tests 82 Tests of Morality 84 Background Investigations 84 Drug Tests 84 Polygraph Examinations 86 Tests of Ability to Communicate 88 The Oral Board 88 Supervisory Recruitment and Selection 90 Grooming Supervisors 91 Testing Candidates 92 Assessment Centers 92 Strengths of the Assessment Center 93 Recruitment and Selection of Police Chiefs 94 Chapter Summary 95 Key Terms 96 Discussion Questions 96 Internet Exercises 97 Chapter 5. Police Training and Education 98 Chapter Learning Objectives 98 Police Education 99 Background 99 Higher Education and the Police: A Debate 102 Arguments in Favor of Education 102 What Do Agencies Require? 103 What Do the Police Think? 103 Research on College Education and Police Performance 104 Research Results 104 Positive Results 104 Inconclusive Results 105 The Importance of Leadership in Education: What Are Leaders to Do? 107 Evaluating Leaders 107 Police Training 107 Purposes of Training 107 What Kind of Training and How Much? 108 Department Support for Training 110 Types of Training 110 Recruit Training 110 Training and Community-Oriented Policing 112 Field Training 113 Ongoing In-Service Training 114 Licensing 115 Technological Advances and Online Training 115 Who Should Conduct Police Training? 117 Challenges 119 Funding for Training 120 Mandatory Versus Voluntary Training 120 Training and Police Leadership 121 Training Effectiveness 122 Chapter Summary 123 Key Terms 123 Discussion Questions 123 Internet Exercises 124 Rollover Kit 2015 4
Chapter 6: Police Work: Operations and Functions 126 Chapter Learning Objectives 126 Basic Police Functions 128 Order Maintenance 128 Investigations and Forensic Science 130 Styles of Policing 133 Patrol Strength and Allocation 135 Types of Patrol 140 Patrol Innovations 141 Evaluation of Police Performance 144 Police and the Media 146 Media Relations Programs 148 Chapter Summary 150 Key Terms 150 Discussion Questions 150 Internet Exercises 150 Chapter 7: Contemporary Strategies in Policing 152 Chapter Learning Objectives 152 Community Policing 154 The LEMAS Survey 156 Problem-Oriented Policing and COP 158 Research on Community and Problem-Oriented Policing 158 Criticisms of Community Policing 160 Some Examples of Community Policing Efforts 162 Changes and Innovations in Policing Strategies 163 Intelligence-Led Policing 163 Situational Crime Prevention 164 Hot-Spot Policing 165 Directed Patrol 166 Differential Response Policing 166 Saturation Patrol and Crackdowns 167 Third-Party Policing 167 Evidence-Based Policing 167 Pulling Levers Policing 168 Broken Windows Policing 168 CompStat 169 Incident Command Systems 170 Dual Career Ladder 171 Procedural Justice Policing 172 Chapter Summary 173 Key Terms 173 Discussion Questions 173 Internet Exercises 174 Chapter 6. Police Work: Operations and Functions 126 Chapter Learning Objectives 126 Basic Police Functions 128 Order Maintenance and Law Enforcement 129 Broken Windows and Zero Tolerance Policing 129 Policing the Mentally Ill 130 Investigations and Forensic Science 131 Investigations and Community-Oriented Policing 132 Forensics 132 Styles of Policing 133 Watchman Style 133 Legalistic Style 134 Service Style 134 Patrol Strength and Allocation 136 Intuitive Approach 137 Comparative Approach 137 Workload Analysis 138 Other Types of Patrol 140 Evaluating Patrol 141 Evaluating Police Performance 143 Evaluating Officer Performance 144 Evaluating Agency Performance 144 Police and the Media 146 Media Relations Programs 148 Social Media 149 Chapter Summary 150 Key Terms 150 Discussion Questions 150 Internet Exercises 151 Chapter 7. Contemporary Strategies in Policing 152 Chapter Learning Objectives 152 Community Policing 154 The LEMAS Survey 156 Problem-Oriented Policing 157 Research on Community- and Problem-Oriented Policing 158 Criticisms of Community Policing 159 Rhetoric Versus Practice 159 Crime Reduction 160 Costs 160 Corruption 160 Timing 161 The Current Status of COP and POP 161 Innovations in Policing Strategies 162 Information Innovations 164 Intelligence-Led Policing 164 Evidence-Based Policing 164 CompStat 165 Focused Resources 165 Hot-Spot Policing 165 Directed Patrol 166 Differential Response Policing 167 Changing Up the Environment 167 Situational Crime Prevention 167 Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design 168 Saturation Patrol and Crackdowns 168 Collaboration and Organization 169 Pulling Levers Policing 169 Incident Command Systems 169 Policing Processes 170 Rollover Kit 2015 5
Broken Windows 170 Procedural Justice Policing 170 Chapter Summary 172 Key Terms 173 Discussion Questions 173 Internet Exercises 173 PART III: POLICE CONDUCT 175 Chapter 8: The Police Culture 176 Chapter Learning Objectives 176 The Police Subculture 178 Danger, Authority, and Efficiency 182 The Police Personality: Myth or Reality? 186 Stresses and Strains of Police Work 188 The Personal Costs of Police Work 188 Task Demands 189 Role Demands 189 Role Ambiguity 190 Interpersonal Demands 190 Physical Demands 190 Forms of Police Stress 192 Stages of Stress 193 Burnout 194 Stress and Police Families 196 Police Shootings and Critical Incidents as a Source of Stress 198 Attempts to Combat Police Stress 199 Dealing With Stress in Police Organizations 200 Chapter Summary 200 Key Terms 201 Discussion Questions 201 Internet Exercises 201 Chapter 9: Law, Court Decisions, and the Police 202 Chapter Learning Objectives 202 The First Amendment 204 The Second Amendment 205 The Fourth Amendment 207 Probable Cause and Reasonableness 207 Searches and Seizures With and Without a Warrant 209 Police Stops 209 Police Searches Incident to Arrest 211 Consent Searches 213 The Fifth Amendment 213 The Fourteenth Amendment 215 The Exclusionary Rule 216 Police Use of Force 217 The Patriot Act, Homeland Security, and Terrorism 219 Chapter Summary 222 Key Terms 223 Discussion Questions 223 Internet Exercises 223 PART III. POLICE CONDUCT 175 Chapter 8. The Police Culture and Work Stress 176 Chapter Learning Objectives 176 What Is Culture? 177 Socialization, Isolation, and the Code 177 Erosion of the Public s Trust 178 Coping 179 Analyzing Police Subculture 179 Contributing Factors 183 Danger 183 Authority 184 Performance 185 The Police Personality: How Real? 187 Types of Stresses in Police Work 187 Task Demands 188 Role Demands 189 Interpersonal Demands 189 Physical Demands 190 Effects and Consequences of Police Stress 191 Personal Pitfalls 192 Desensitization 192 Prejudice 192 Cynicism 193 Burnout 193 Stress and Police Families 194 Police Officer Suicide 196 Research on Police Suicide 196 Police Shootings and Critical Incidents 197 Counteracting Police Stress 199 Chapter Summary 201 Key Terms 202 Discussion Questions 202 Internet Exercises 202 Chapter 9. Law, Court Decisions, and the Police 204 Chapter Learning Objectives 204 The 1st Amendment 206 The 2nd Amendment 207 The 4th Amendment 208 Probable Cause and Reasonableness 210 Searches and Seizures With and Without a Warrant 211 Police Stops 212 Police Searches Incident to Arrest 214 Consent Searches 215 The 5th Amendment 216 The 14th Amendment 218 The Exclusionary Rule 219 Police Use of Force 220 The USA PATRIOT Act, Homeland Security, and Terrorism 222 Chapter Summary 225 Key Terms 226 Discussion Questions 226 Internet Exercises 226 Rollover Kit 2015 6
Chapter 10: Discretion, Ethics, and Accountability in Policing 226 Chapter Learning Objectives 226 Introduction 227 Police Discretion 227 Biased Enforcement and Racial Profiling 229 Controlling Discretion and Encouraging Ethical Behavior 233 Commitment to the Importance of Ethical Decision Making 236 Improved Hiring Practices 236 Elimination of Quotas 237 Intolerance of Malfeasance 238 In-Car Video Cameras 240 (moved to chapter 11) Positive Media Relations 240 Ethics in Policing 241 Police Accountability 247 (moved to chapter 11) Professionalism and the Police 249 Chapter Summary 250 Key Terms 251 Discussion Questions 251 Internet Exercises 251 Appendix A 252 Chapter 11: Police Misconduct 256 Chapter Learning Objectives 256 Introduction 257 Police Misconduct 257 The Background of Police Misconduct 257 Types of Misconduct 265 Corruption of Authority 266 Kickbacks 267 Shakedowns 267 Bribery 267 Opportunistic Theft 267 Protection of Illegal Activities 267 Causes and Consequences of Police Misconduct 271 Nonfeasance 271 Drug-Related Corruption 272 Noble Cause Corruption 273 Physical and Emotional Abuse 274 Emotional Abuse and Psychological Harassment by Police Officers 275 Excessive Use of Force 277 Misconduct: Management and Administrative Issues 281 Correcting and Preventing Misconduct 285 Chapter Summary 289 Key Terms 290 Discussion Questions 290 Internet Exercises 291 Chapter 10. Discretion and Ethics In Policing 228 Chapter Learning Objectives 228 Police Discretion 229 Factors That Influence Discretion 231 The Situation, Setting, and Suspect 231 Departmental Policy and Culture 231 The Law 232 Political and Economic Pressure 232 The Challenge of Discretion 232 Quotas 233 Ethics and Police Conduct 234 Ethics in Police Education 235 Evaluating Police Ethics 236 Biased Enforcement and Racial Profiling 238 Leadership and Improving Decision Making 239 Media Relations 241 Intolerance of Malfeasance 242 Chapter Summary 244 Key Terms 244 Discussion Questions 244 Internet Exercises 245 Chapter 11. Police Misconduct and Accountability 246 Chapter Learning Objectives 246 Corruption 247 What Is Corruption? 247 Background of Corruption 247 Official Investigation Into Corruption 248 Other Types of Police Misconduct 249 Nonfeasance, Misfeasance, and Malfeasance 249 Drug-Related Corruption 250 Perjury 251 Emotional Abuse and Psychological Harassment 252 Corruption of Authority 252 Gratuities 252 Kickbacks 253 Shakedowns 253 Bribery 253 Opportunistic Theft 254 Protection of Illegal Activities 254 Excessive Use of Force 254 Research on Police Misconduct and Use of Force 256 The Impacts of Misconduct 259 Race and Police Harassment 259 Research on Profiling 261 Causes of Misconduct Bad Apples or Bad Barrels? 262 Individual 262 Agency 263 Society 265 Noble Cause Corruption 265 Misconduct: Management and Administrative Issues 266 Whistle-blowing 267 Addressing Misconduct 267 Accountability 268 (previously in chapter 10) Accountability and Community Policing 268 Citizen Oversight Groups 269 Internal Affairs 270 Police Discipline 270 Rollover Kit 2015 7
Cameras 272 (previously in chapter 10) Chapter Summary 272 Key Terms 274 Discussion Questions 275 Internet Exercises 275 PART IV: CONTEMPORARY ISSUES IN POLICING 293 Chapter 12: Policing in a Multicultural Setting 294 Chapter Learning Objectives 294 Policing in a Multicultural and Multiethnic Society 295 Police Community Relations 297 Human Relations in Policing 298 Police Minority Encounters 300 Police Public Relations 308 Citizen Complaints 310 Police Media Relations 311 Other Police Efforts 312 The Police and Public in Multicultural Relations 314 Cultural Diversity and Awareness Training 315 Police Responsiveness and Accountability 316 The Role of Community Members in Multicultural Relations 317 Women and Minorities in Policing 317 Women in Policing 317 Policewomen as Viewed by the Public, Their Supervisors, and Male Officers 318 Factors Affecting the Performance of Policewomen 320 Recruiting Female Officers 323 Minority Police Officers 324 Black Police Officers 325 Problems for Black Police Officers 325 Hispanic Police Officers 327 Problems for Hispanic Police Officers 327 Asian Police Officers 328 Gay and Lesbian Police Officers 329 Recruiting and Retaining Minorities as Police Officers 329 Chapter Summary 329 Key Terms 331 Discussion Questions 332 Internet Exercises 332 PART IV. CONTEMPORARY ISSUES IN POLICING 277 Chapter 12. Policing in A Diverse Society 278 Chapter Learning Objectives 278 Policing in a Multicultural and Multiethnic Society 279 Changing Demographics 279 Immigration 281 Mentally Ill 281 The Problem and Promise of Diversity 282 Police Community Conflict 282 Police Minority Encounters 284 Peer Pressure 285 Forms of Discrimination 285 Profiling 285 Profiling the Muslim Community 287 Legislation on Profiling 288 Driving or Walking While Black 288 Research on Police Discrimination 289 Public Image of the Police 294 Police in the Community 295 Cultural Diversity and Awareness Training 296 Police Responsiveness 297 The Community Role in Multicultural Relations 297 Citizen Complaints 298 A Representative Workforce 299 Women in Policing 299 Background 299 Women of Color 300 Challenges for Women Police Officers 301 Minority Police Officers 302 African American Police Officers 304 Background 304 Why Become Police? 305 Department Benefits 305 Challenges for African American Police Officers 305 Hispanic Police Officers 306 Challenges for Hispanic Police Officers 306 Asian Police Officers 306 LGBTQ Police Officers 307 Recruiting and Retaining Minorities as Police Officers 308 Chapter Summary 309 Key Terms 309 Discussion Questions 310 Internet Exercises 310 Chapter 13: Technology and the Police 334 Chapter Learning Objectives 334 Computers 337 Video Cameras: Safety and Accountability 340 Eavesdropping Technology 341 Computers and Cameras 342 Drones 344 Chapter 13. Technology and the Police 312 Chapter Learning Objectives 312 The Costs and Benefits of Technology 313 Computers 316 Video Cameras 319 Vehicle Cameras 320 Body-Worn Cameras 321 Mobile Phone Cameras 322 Surveillance Technology 322 Rollover Kit 2015 8
Crime Mapping and CompStat 345 Crime Mapping 345 Compstat 346 Cell Phones/Smart Phones 348 Fingerprints, DNA, and Other Biological Identifiers 349 Fingerprints 349 DNA 350 Police Use of Speed Detection Devices or Systems 352 Body Armor and Weapons 354 Police Weapons 355 Chapter Summary 357 Key Terms 357 Discussion Questions 358 Internet Exercises 358 Chapter 14: Terrorism, Homeland Security, and Global Issues 360 Chapter Learning Objectives 360 Introduction 361 Transnational Crime 361 Organized Crime 362 White-Collar Crime 368 Terrorism 370 Homeland Security and the Police Response 374 Department of Homeland Security 374 The USA Patriot Act 375 Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations (RICO) Statute 376 First Responder Preparedness and the Role of the Public 378 Chapter Summary 382 Key Terms 383 Discussion Questions 383 Internet Exercises 384 Chapter 15: Private and Contract Police 386 Chapter Learning Objectives 386 History and Background 387 The Development of the Modern Security Era 387 Security Today 388 Terrorism and Modern Private Security Operations 388 Private and Contract Security Personnel 390 Private Detectives and Investigators 391 Security Guards and Gaming Surveillance Officers 393 Licensure 394 Employment 394 Executive Protection Services 395 Public Police and Private Security 395 Chapter Summary 400 Key Terms 401 Discussion Questions 401 Drones and Robots 326 Crime Mapping 328 Biological Identifiers 330 Fingerprints 330 Facial Recognition 331 DNA 331 Bacterial Forensics 334 Speed Detection Devices or Systems 334 Armor and Weapons 335 Body Armor 335 Police Weapons 337 Chapter Summary 339 Key Terms 340 Discussion Questions 340 Internet Exercises 341 Chapter 14. Organized Crime, Homeland Security, and Global Issues 342 Chapter Learning Objectives 342 Transnational Crime 343 Transnational Organized Crime 343 Types of TOC 344 White-Collar Crime 346 Costs of White-Collar Crime 346 Terrorism 347 Foreign and Domestic Terrorists 348 Types of Terrorism 348 Intersecting Crime Flows 349 Local Response to Terrorism and Transnational Organized Crime 350 Antiterrorism and Organized Crime Legislation 350 Department of Homeland Security 351 The USA PATRIOT Act and Information Sharing 351 Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations (RICO) Act 352 Race, Ethnicity, and the Police Response to Transnational Crime 353 First-Responder Preparedness 353 The Role of the Public 355 Chapter Summary 356 Key Terms 357 Discussion Questions 357 Internet Exercises 357 Appendix 358 Chapter 15. Private Police 362 Chapter Learning Objectives 362 History and Background 363 The Rise of the Modern Private Security Industry 364 The Current Private Security Force 365 Numbers 365 Private and Contract Security Personnel 366 Who Are They? 366 What Roles Do They Fill? 366 Security Officers 367 Employment 368 Private Detectives and Investigators 368 Executive Protection Agents 369 Authority, Requirements, and Accountability 369 Hiring Requirements 369 Private Versus Public Police 371 The Benefits of Private Police 372 The Risks of Privatizing the Police 372 Rollover Kit 2015 9
Internet Exercises 401 Coordinating Public Police and Private Security 372 Moving Forward 374 Chapter Summary 376 Key Terms 377 Discussion Questions 377 Internet Exercises 377 PART V. LOOKING AHEAD 403 Chapter 16: The Future of Policing in America 404 Chapter Learning Objectives 404 The Changing Police Role 405 Research and Planning as Police Functions 406 Changing the Police Image 408 Community and Problem-Oriented Policing 408 Civilianization 410 Accreditation 410 Lateral Entry 410 Training 410 Education 411 Police Leadership 412 Private and Contract Security Personnel 413 Technological Changes in Policing 413 Clarifying the Police Role 413 Predictive Policing 414 The Role of Community Policing 414 Intelligence-Led Policing and Terrorism 416 Terrorism Laws 416 Chapter Summary 417 Key Terms 418 Discussion Questions 418 Internet Exercises 418 PART V. LOOKING AHEAD 379 Chapter 16. The Future of Policing in The United States 380 Chapter Learning Objectives 380 The Changing Context 381 Demographics 381 Economics 383 Research and Planning 383 Ongoing and Strategic Change 384 Trust and Legitimacy 384 Policy and Oversight 385 Technology and Social Media 385 Policing Strategies 386 Patrol 386 Community-Oriented Policing 386 Predictive Policing 387 Evolving Police Personnel 388 Training and Education 388 Police Leadership 389 Private and Contract Security Personnel 390 Civilianization 390 Accreditation 390 Officer Wellness and Safety 390 Terrorism and Future Policing 390 Intelligence-Led Policing and Terrorism 391 Chapter Summary 392 Key Term 393 Discussion Questions 393 Internet Exercises 393 * What s New- *What s moved location *What s removed If you have any questions, your sales representative is happy to help. You can utilize our Rep Locator to quickly find the contact information for your sales representative. http://www.sagepub.com/replocator.sp Rollover Kit 2015 10