International Migration in the Russian Federation

International Migration in the Russian Federation Sergey V. Ryazantsev Leonid L. L Rybakovsky Social Demography Department of the Socio-Political Research Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow www.ispr.ru E-mail: riazan@mail.ru

The Dynamics of the Population Size in the Russian Federation in 1991-200 2004, thousands 149000 148000 147000 146000 145000 144000 143000 142000 141000 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 The data on 2003 and 2004 were corrected by the national statistics after the population census in 2002 (the unregisted migrants were take into account)

The Correlation of the Indices of the General Growth (Decline) and the Migration and Natural Growth (Decline) of the Population in the Russian Federation in 1992-2004 2004, thousands 1000 800 600 400 200 0-200 1992-400 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004-600 -800-1000 -1200 The General Growth (Decline) The Natual Growth (Decline) The Migration Growth

Migration for the permanent residence. Migration Growth of Russia in the International Migration in 1995-2002 According to the Current Record, thousands 600 500 400 300 200 100 0 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 The Data of Current Records The Data of the Recount after the Population Census in 2002

Migration for Permanent Residence. Migration Growth of Russia in the Exchange with the CIS Countries and Other States, thousands 1000 800 600 400 200 0-200 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 Migration Growth with the CIS Countries and the Baltic States Migration Growth with Other Countries

Migration for permanent residence. The Net Migration of Russia with the CIS Countries and the Baltic States in the Category of Able-Bodied Migrants, thousands 1200 1000 1028,4 800 600 400 200 266,5 195,4 150 168,3 123,7 75,7 48,8 0 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 1997-2003

Migration for Permanent Residence. Migration Potential for Russia in the CIS Countries and the Baltic States, thousands Total Central Asia Moldova The Baltic States Belarus Country Kazakhstan Georgia, Azerbaijan, Armenia The Ukraine Migration Potential for Russia 3.000-4.000 1.000 500 100-150 150 600-700 100 % 100,0 25,0-33,0 12,5-17,0 17,0 3,5-3,8 3,8 17,5-20,0 3,5

Migration for permanent residence. Migration Exchange of Russia with Other Countries ( The Old Abroad ), thousands 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 Emigration Immigration

Migration for Permanent Residence. The Basic Parameters of the International Migration in Russia in 1989-2004, thousands 1400 1200 1000 800 600 400 200 0 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 Immigration Emigration

Migration for permanent residence. The Basic Countries of Emigration from Russia in 2004, people 35000 31876 30000 25000 people 20000 15000 10000 5000 2919 1733 0 Germany The USA Israel

Migration for permanent residence. Other Countries of Emigration from Russia in 2004, people 1000 900 800 783 910 700 people 600 500 400 300 200 167 160 165 157 372 240 154 165 149 190 193 158 100 0 Australia Bolgaria Great Britain Greece Spain Italy Canada China Norway Portugal Finland France Czechia Sweden

Baby-business business in Russia Every year approximately 4-5 thousand Russian children are legally adopted by foreigners and are taken out of Russia. In 2004 this figure was 6.5 thousand Russian children. In total 60 thousand children were adopted and taken out of Russia by foreigners during the last ten years, including 40 thousand taken out by the USA citizens.

The Emigration of Women from the Russian Federation According the latest data, there are about 1 thousand marriage agencies which offer the intermediary services for Russian brides. According to approximate estimations, 10-15 thousand Russian women annually go abroad on fiancée visas. It is possible to assume that no less than 1 million girls from the CIS countries (Russia, the Ukraine, Moldova and other countries) work in the sector of sex-services services and entertainments in the countries of Europe, including 300-400 thousand Russians.

Temporary Labour Migration. The Scales of Legal Labour Migration to Russia (The Federal Migration Service Data), thousand 500 450 400 350 300 250 200 150 100 50 0 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 The General Labour Migration The Migation from the CIS Countries and the Baltic States The Migration fom the Countries of " the Old Aboad"

Temporary Labour Migration. The Distribution of Foreign Labour Migrants Attracted to Russia in 2004, % 11,1 4,8 4,5 4,2 2,1 37 25,8 Building Industy Transport and Communications Wholesaling and Retailing, Catering Agriculture The General Commerce Forestry

Temporary Labour Migration. The Legal Labour Migration to Russia in 2004, thousand 120 108,6 100 94,1 80 60 40 20 23,3 22,7 17 14,7 9,8 6,1 5 4,4 0 Ukraine China Tajikistan Moldova Armenia Korea Azerbaijan Turkey Viet Nam Uzbekistan

Temporary Labour Migration. The Number of Labour Migrants from the CIS Countries (Legal and Illegal), Working Abroad at a Time in 2002, thousands Russia Armenia Azerbaijan Georgia Moldova Tajikistan Country The Ukraine Uzbekistan Minimum 250 800 1.500 100 600 200 2.000 Maximum 1,500 1.500 2.000 1.000 700 250 3.000 500

Temporary Labour Migration. The Sums of Transfers of the Labour Migrants to Some CIS Countries from Abroad in 2000 Country Russia*** Armenia Azerbaijan The World Bank estimation Total, million Us Dollars 740,0 15,0 57,0 The share in the Gross National Product of the country,% 0,2 0,8 1,1 Official transfers (remittance) and unofficial (private) transfers estimations according to other sources Total, million Us Dollars 300,0 The share in the Gross National Product of the country,% 8,0-9,0 Georgia 95,0 3,1... Moldova 3,0 0,3 150,0-170,0 170,0 4,3-4,8 4,8 Kazakhstan 64,0 0,3 Kyrgyzstan 2,0 Notes: * - the data of The Central Bank of Armenia; ** -the data of The Strategic Research and Reform Center of the Republic of Moldova; *** - the data of The Bank of Russia (the results of 2002). 0,2

The Basic Directions of the Migration Policy in the Russian Federation at the Present Stage: - the attraction of immigrants for permanent residence from the states of the new abroad to replace the natural population decline in the country. The net migration should be, at least, no less than the scales of the natural population decline; - the attraction of the labour migrants from the countries of the new and the old abroad to the industries and regions according to the economic and geopolitical interests of Russia. The volumes of labour migration should cover the deficit in manpower on a labour market; - the settling of the inner Russian migrants and immigrants from the category of compatriots, and also forming the resident population in geopolitically important regions of the country. First of all, in the frontier areas of Siberia and the Far East; - the reduction of high-qualified staff emigration from the country for permanent residence abroad.