Chapter 6 The Roman World All the ac4on so far has been in the East! Alexander the Great had gone east so he didn t bother Rome Chapter 6 The Roman World All the ac4on so far has been in the East! Roman Republic vs Roman Empire Founding the Roman Republic Introduction Roman Republic Geography All roads lead to Rome Boot Tiber River (Rome sits on) Alps to North (isola4on) Mediterranean Sea Apennine Mountains (runs North/South) Isolates East and Western Italy 1
Founded in 700 BC, Rome is located 15 miles inland in shallow area of the Tiber River 7 Hills Swampy, drained, faces west La4um 7 Hills of Rome 2
600 BC Etruscans City dwellers Pave roads- drain marshes WriUen language, Engineering skills Greeks (influenced Romans) Colonies on Southern 4p of Italy City States Eventually there are Invasions from the North GOT RID OF ETRSCAN KINGS & REPUBLIC FORMED.. Roman Republic 509 BC Voters Elect officials to run state Male ci4zens en4tled to vote & take part in government SENATE- MAGISTRATES ASSEMBLIES 3
Roman Republic 509 BC SENATE- very powerful Tradi4onally Wisemen More elderly controlled public funds & decided foreign policy Acted as a court Emergency, senate could declare dictators (6 months) Roman Republic 509 BC Magistrates Elected officials one year CONSULS Ran government, VETO, (people shout it out) 3 public readings of laws, Ran the army PRAETORS- at 4mes of war, they command the army, were the legal system (courts), Roman law CENSOR register ci4zens (census), moral conduct (censorship) ALL COULD DO CHECKS AND BALANCES ON EACH OTHER TO MAKE SURE THE POWER IS EQUAL. Roman Republic 509 BC Assemblies Vote on laws & official 10 officials for Tribunes Power over Senate (can veto, checks and balances) 192 tribes 10% of popula4on in 100 tribes for rich Other 90% in 92 tribes of poor give power to rich Each tribe gets one vote n Patricians and Plebeians l Patricians n Landowners, have the power, like a judge 4
Chapter 7 Section 1 n Patricians and Plebeians l Patricians n Landowners, have the power, like a judge l Plebeians - other people like farmers, common people who can t hold public office, at first, very few rights. n Most of the population. n Plebeians started a strike, it worked l Patricians wrote down the laws l 12 Tables n Patricians and Plebeians l Patricians n Landowners, have the power, like a judge l Plebeians - other people like farmers, common people who can t hold public office, at first, very few rights. n Most of the population. n Plebeians started a strike, it worked l Patricians wrote down the laws l 12 Tables n 300 BC power is about equal between the two. l After 250 years the Roman Republic is becoming a democracy n Rome never attacked unless provoked because gods would look down on them l Just War always defense, not offense (so they say) l Never the aggressor, most be provoked n Rome never attacked unless provoked because gods would look down on them l Just War always defense, not offense (so they say) l Roman Army - males who owned land required by law to serve in military, and were well trained with high morale ( positive, happy, confident) 5
n Legions l Made of veterans l 4500-6000 troops n Legions l Made of veterans l 4500-6000 troops n Auxiliary l Non citizen soldiers l Served in army n Conquered people were loyal to Rome l Full citizenship to those close(partial to others) l Allowed allies independence (allies not enemy) (not enslaved) l provide soldiers for Rome l Conquered people gave farmland to Rome l Roman Culture spreads (don t ram it down their throats, but expect it) l Latin language spreads. 6
Victors of wars always name war! Phoenician in latin is Punicus = Punic Carthage is to Rome as Cuba is to U.S. Carthage is a threat to Roman Trade Carthage is a threat to Roman Trade 1st Punic War 264 BC, 23 years long n Carthage has a large navy n Rome builds navy by capturing Carthage ship and then copying them and creating boarding bridges (ram vessels and drop bridge) n 241 BC Carthage ask for peace, n Romans demand money and Sicily (good military base and trade location(israel 1968)) 7
2nd Punic War: 218 BC 18 year war after 23 years of peace n Carthage has Hannibal - Carthaginian General n Came from the north through Spain. n Brought Elephants and horses n Rome lost and retreated to cities and Hannibal couldn t get them(had no equipment to attack cities) n Spent years laying waste to countryside n Tried to win over allies, but 2nd Punic War: 218 BC n Romans- Scipio (Roman General) goes to Carthage and attacks. Hannibal called back to Carthage. n Romans fight in guerilla warfare n Scipio and Hannibal fight and Rome wins n 200 BC 2nd Punic war ends n Carthage gives up most of its colonies (Spain) and most of its navy. n Carthage remained independent but lost all power (to the victors go the spoils of war) 8
3rd Punic War: 149 BC - last 3 years Carthage is no longer a threat but. Members of Senate want them wiped off the face of the earth n Cato goes and crushes Carthage n Burn city to ground n Sowing the land with salt n Ends 146BC n Not much of war. Revenge. 9
After Effects Macedonia had aided Carthage in 2nd War, (218 BC) so Rome defeated them in 197 BC Just war By 133 BC Greek cities are under Roman protection Rome is extending its grasp on the Mediterranean Region Problems of Expansion Rome now is a vast area but n Senate and nobles have more power. n Governors of conquered land took bribes n Tax collectors squeeze money from provinces Republic starts to go down- unhappiness Problems of Expansion Rome now is a vast area but n Senate and nobles have more power. n Governors of conquered land took bribes n Tax collectors squeeze money from provinces n Roman farmer soldiers return from, find livestock killed and homes and vineyards uprooted. End up selling and moving to cities. No jobs, poverty, dependent on Roman government for food n Gap between rich and poor, powerful and powerless grows! 10