The ARTICLES OF CONFEDERATION Mr. P s Class
ANY NOTES IN YELLOW ARE MAIN POINTS AND GO IN THE LEFT COLUMN OF YOUR NOTES ANY NOTES IN RED ARE SUPPORTING DETAILS AND GO IN THE RIGHT COLUMN OF YOUR NOTES ANY notes in GREEN do not have to be in your notebook
ESSENTIAL QUESTION Explain how Shays' Rebellion was caused by the weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation? Give at least three examples.
FEDERAL VS. STATE GOVERNMENT Federal Government - (a central government to control all of the states) Articles of Confederation government of the WHOLE country.
Articles of Confederation State Government - government of just one state.
CHARTER or CONSTITUTION - (Written set of rules and laws that government must follow). 1776 Even though the war with Britain was going on, The United States of America still needed to form a government. The thirteen colonies (now states) already formed state governments and written down the rules of how they would govern. Articles of Confederation
CONFEDERATION - (a loose association, rather than a firm union). ARTICLES OF CONFEDERATION - The first plan for governing the United States. Articles of of Confederation
CONFEDERATION - (a loose association, rather than a firm union). Articles of of Confederation ARTICLES OF CONFEDERATION - The first plan for governing the United States.
Central (Federal) government - connects the states together. Articles of Confederation This deliberately made the federal government weak; the State governments had almost all of the power (see handout).
Articles of Confederation REPUBLIC - (voters choose representatives to make laws). CONGRESS - (Representatives from each state who make laws for the whole United States).
Articles of Confederation Inspired by the Iroquois Confederacy and Magna Carta. Iroquois are a Native-American tribe who practiced DEMOCRACY - (the people choose their leaders).
Power under the Articles Each state was equal to and independent from every other state. Larger states were permitted more delegates, but each state had only one vote. Articles of Confederation
Articles of Confederation No President (they did not trust giving one person so much power). Weak Federal government, with one lawmaking house (Congress).
1785 - Northwest Territory - (what is now Michigan, Wisconsin, Illinois, Ohio, + Indiana) joined the U.S. as a territory (not yet states). ORDINANCE - (government regulations or rules).
Articles of Confederation 1787 - NORTHWEST ORDINANCE explained: 1) How the new territory would be governed. 2) The procedure for eventually becoming states.
The NORTHWEST ORDINANCE also contained Three important rules: Articles of Confederation 1. Freedom of religion, speech, and the right to a jury trial. 2. Native-Americans must be treated fairly. 3. Slavery was banned in the territory.
Why did the Articles of Confederation fail? 1) A vote of 9/13 was needed to pass a law. 2) No supervision by the federal government to ensure that laws were carried out. Articles of Confederation
Articles of Why did the Articles of Confederation fail? 3) No federal court system to judge if a law was broken. 4) Changing the Articles required an unanimous vote.
5) Congress could not force states to give tax money to the federal government; it was frequently broke after fighting the Revolution. 6) Each state had its own money, not negotiable in any other state. Articles of Confederation
7) Each state had its own army. 8) Each state NEGOTIATED (made deals) it s own trade treaties with other countries. Articles of Confederation
Articles of Confederation Problems created by the Articles of Confederation There were debts owed to former soldiers, other countries (France),U.S. merchants & suppliers; The Federal Government could not pay DEBTS (Money owed to others).
A Union in name only; states operated like 13 separate countries. Articles of Confederation
Articles of Confederation
No national identity. Articles of Confederation
Shays Rebellion A sense of lawlessness, due to the lack of a Federal army. No strong Federal government to oversee financial policy.
Worthless state money. No check on state government power. Shays Rebellion
SHAYS REBELLION 1786-1787 Shays Rebellion General Daniel Shays - from Pelham, Mass. was a Revolutionary War hero. The state bank foreclosed on Shays farm, and the farms of thousands of others because he tried to pay his bills with Massachusetts paper money, much of which the state bank had given him.
Shays Rebellion
Shays Rebellion Other business owners were also in debt, but farmers were hurt the most.
Remember, each state issued it s own money, and paper money wasn t always accepted. Shays Rebellion People (& banks) preferred coin money made of silver.
Shays Rebellion Thousands of people began to protest, calling themselves the Regulators.
Shays Rebellion Town meetings were held all over Massachusetts, Daniel Shays was chosen to be the leader of the Regulators. The farmers demanded:
The farmers demanded: 1) State government must guarantee the paper money. Shays Rebellion
The farmers demanded: 2) Money owed from the war. Shays Rebellion
Regulators shut down courthouses until their demands were met. The courts were holding foreclosure hearings on farmers and small businessmen. Many were being sent to jail for not paying their debts. Shays Rebellion
Shays Rebellion Governor Bowdoin sent the state Militia (citizensoldiers who fight during an emergency) to break up the Regulators. However the militia sided with the Regulators. Daniel Shays Governor Bowdoin
The governor: Created a professional army. Signed new laws against the Regulators. Shays Rebellion
January 25, 1787 - Regulators attacked the Springfield Armory to get weapons for a march on Boston.
Springfield Armory Shays Rebellion
The state Army defeated them.
Shays Rebellion February 1787 - the army defeated the Regulators again in Sheffield.
Shays Rebellion Between the two battles, 35 people were killed.
Sheffield, MA Shays Rebellion
Are the ARTICLES OF CONFEDERATION responsible for SHAYS REBELLION?
Spring, 1787 - Congress voted to hold a CONSTITUTIONAL CONVENTION (elected representatives meet to create a list of rules for the government). This was the only unanimous vote that the Congress ever held. Shays Rebellion
ESSENTIAL QUESTION Explain how Shays' Rebellion was caused by the weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation? Give at least three examples.
THE END!