CHAPTER 28 Progressivism and the Republican Roosevelt, 1901 1912 Checklist of Learning Objectives After mastering this chapter, you should be able to: 1. Discuss the origin, leadership, and goals of progressivism. 2. Describe how the early progressive movement developed at the local and state level and spread to become a national movement. 3. Describe the major role that women played in progressive social reform, and explain why progressivism meshed with many goals of the women s movement. 4. Tell how President Roosevelt began applying progressive principles to the national economy, including his attention to conservation and consumer protection. 5. Explain why Taft s policies offended progressives, including Roosevelt. 6. Describe how Roosevelt led a progressive revolt against Taft that openly divided the Republican party. Multiple Choice Select the best answer and circle the corresponding letter. 1. The two primary goals of the progressive movement, as a whole, were to A. restore business competition and stimulate entrepreneurship in new areas of the economy. B. improve the quality of urban life and help immigrants adjust to American life. C. organize workers into class-conscious unions and develop consumer cooperatives. D. use the state to curb monopoly power and improve the lives of ordinary people. 2. Prominent among those who aroused the progressive movement by stirring the public s sense of concern were A. socialists, social gospelers, women, and muckraking journalists. B. union leaders, machine politicians, immigrants, and engineers. C. bankers, salesmen, congressmen, and scientists. D. athletes, entertainers, filmmakers, and musicians. 3. Most progressives were A. urban workers. B. immigrants. C. wealthy people. D. urban middle-class people. 4. Among the political reforms sought by the progressives were A. an end to political parties, political conventions, and the Supreme Court s right to judicial review of legislation. B. an Equal Rights Amendment, federal financing of election campaigns, and restrictions on negative campaigning. C. initiative and referendum, direct election of senators, and women s suffrage. D. expanded immigration, literacy tests for voting, and federal loans for higher education.
5. The Supreme Court case of Muller v. Oregon was seen as a victory for both progressivism and women s rights because it A. upheld the right of women to vote in state and local elections. B. upheld a law requiring that women receive equal pay for equal work. C. upheld workplace safety regulations to prevent disasters like the Triangle Shirtwaist fire. D. upheld the constitutionality of state laws granting special protections to women in the workplace. 6. President Theodore Roosevelt ended the major Pennsylvania coal strike by A. asking Congress to pass a law improving miners wages and working conditions. B. passing federal legislation legalizing unions. C. forcing the mine owners and workers to negotiate by threatening to seize the coal mines and operate them with federal troops. D. declaring a national state of emergency and ordering the miners back to work. 7. The Roosevelt-backed Elkins Act and Hepburn Act were aimed at A. better protection for industrial workers. B. more effective regulation of the railroad industry. C. protection for consumers of beef and fresh produce. D. breaking up the Standard Oil and United States Steel monopolies. 8. The controversy over the Hetch Hetchy Valley in Yosemite National Park revealed A. a philosophical disagreement between wilderness preservationists and more moderate multipleuse conservationists. B. a political conflict between the lumber industry and conservationists. C. a split between urban California s need for water and environmentalists concerns to preserve free-flowing streams. D. a disagreement over whether or not the National Park system should permit commercial vendors inside the parks. 9. Two issues that President Roosevelt especially promoted as part of his progressive policies were A. agricultural exports and housing reform. B. freer immigration and racial integration. C. consumer protection and conservation of nature. D. the advancement of science and federal support for the arts. 10. Roosevelt was blamed by big business for the Panic of 1907 because A. his progressive boat-rocking tactics had allegedly unsettled industry and undermined business confidence. B. his policies of regulating and protecting industrial workers had caused a depression. C. his inability to establish a stable monetary policy led to a Wall Street crash. D. the public wanted him to run again for president in 1908. 11. As a result of his successful presidential campaign in 1908, William Howard Taft was widely expected to A. advance the issues of women s suffrage and prohibition of alcohol. B. forge a coalition with William Jennings Bryan and the Democrats. C. emphasize foreign policy instead of Roosevelt s domestic reforms. D. continue and extend Theodore Roosevelt s progressive policies.
12. Progressive Republicans grew deeply disillusioned with Taft, especially over the issues of A. dollar diplomacy and military intervention in the Caribbean and Central America. B. labor union protections and women s rights. C. trust-busting, tariffs, and conservation. D. regulation of the banking and railroad industries. 13. Roosevelt finally decided to break with the Republicans and form a third party because A. he had always regarded the Republican party as too conservative. B. he could no longer stand to be in the same party with Taft. C. Taft had used his control of the Republican party machine to deny Roosevelt the nomination. D. Roosevelt believed that he would have a better chance of winning the presidency as a third-party candidate.
CHAPTER 29 Wilsonian Progressivism at Home and Abroad, 1912 1916 Checklist of Learning Objectives After mastering this chapter, you should be able to: 1. Discuss the key issues of the pivotal 1912 election and the basic principles of Wilsonian progressivism. 2. Describe how Wilson successfully reformed the triple wall of privilege. 3. State the basic features of Wilson s moralistic foreign policy, and explain how, despite his intentions, it drew him into intervention in Mexico and elsewhere in Latin America. 4. Describe America s initial neutral response to World War I, Wilson s increasingly tough policies on Germany s submarine warfare, and the sharp political divisions over the prospect of American entry into the war. 5. Explain how Wilson s progressive domestic agenda and provisionally successful maintenance of American neutrality enabled him to win a narrow victory in 1916 over still-divided Republicans. Multiple Choice Select the best answer and circle the corresponding letter. 1. The basic contrast between the two progressive candidates, Roosevelt and Wilson, was that A. Roosevelt wanted genuine political and social reforms, while Wilson wanted only to end obvious corruption. B. Roosevelt wanted to promote free enterprise and competition, while Wilson wanted the federal government to regulate the economy and promote social welfare. C. Wilson saw advancing women s interests as central to the progressive agenda, while Roosevelt believed women were best served by supporting progressivism outside politics. D. Roosevelt wanted the federal government to regulate the corporate economy and expand social welfare, while Wilson wanted to restore economic competition and social equality by breaking up large corporate trusts. 2. Wilson won the election of 1912 primarily because A. his policies were more popular with the public. B. Taft and Roosevelt split the former Republican vote. C. the Socialists took nearly a million votes from Roosevelt. D. his charismatic personal appeal exceeded that of Roosevelt and Taft. 3. Wilson s primary weakness as a politician was his A. lack of skill in public speaking. B. inability to grasp the complexity of governmental issues. C. tendency to be inflexible and refuse to compromise. D. lack of overarching political ideals. 4. The triple wall of privilege that Wilson set out to reform consisted of A. farmers, shippers, and the military. B. the tariffs, the banks, and the trusts. C. congressional leaders, lobbyists, and lawyers. D. labor union officials, big city bosses, and wealthy southern landlords.
5. Under the Wilson administration, Congress exercised the authority granted by the newly enacted Sixteenth Amendment to pass A. prohibition of liquor. B. women s suffrage. C. voting rights for blacks. D. a progressive federal income tax. 6. The new regulatory agency, created by the Wilson administration in 1914, that attacked unfair business competition, false and misleading advertising, and consumer fraud was the A. Federal Trade Commission. B. Interstate Commerce Commission. C. Federal Reserve System. D. Consumer Products Safety Commission. 7. While outlawing business monopolies, the Clayton Anti-Trust Act created exemptions from antitrust prosecution for A. industries essential to national defense. B. agricultural and labor organizations. C. the oil and steel industries. D. professional organizations of doctors and lawyers. 8. Wilson effectively reformed the banking and financial system by A. requiring that all banks be federally chartered and carry effective deposit insurance. B. establishing a publicly controlled Federal Reserve Board to issue currency and control credit. C. transferring authority to regulate banking and currency from the federal government to the states and the private sector. D. creating a system of currency exchanges so that people without bank accounts could cash checks and obtain credit. 9. Wilson s general progressive support for the less fortunate in American society was weakened by his actively hostile policies toward A. labor unions. B. blacks. C. farmers. D. immigrants. 10. Wilson s initial attitude toward the Mexican revolutionary government was to A. refuse recognition of General Huerta s regime but avoid American intervention. B. intervene with troops on behalf of threatened American business interests. C. provide military and economic assistance to the Huerta regime. D. mobilize other Latin American governments to oust Huerta. 11. The threatened war between the United States and Mexico in 1914 was avoided by the mediation of the ABC powers, which consisted of A. Australia, Britain, and Canada. B. Antigua, Brazil, and Cuba. C. Angola, Belgium, and China. D. Argentina, Brazil, and Chile.
12. General Pershing s expedition into Mexico was sent in direct response to the A. refusal of Huerta to abandon power. B. threat of German intervention in Mexico. C. killing of American citizens in New Mexico by Pancho Villa. D. Mexican revolutionary persecution of the Catholic Church. 13. An early event of World War I that led many Americans to sympathize with the Allies against Germany was A. German bribes and payoffs to American journalists. B. the Germans involvement in overseas imperialism. C. Germany s invasion of neutral Belgium. D. the British refusal to use poison gas in warfare. 14. After the Lusitania, Arabic, and Sussex sinkings, Wilson successfully pressured the German government to A. end the use of the submarine against British warships. B. publish warnings to all Americans considering traveling on unarmed ships. C. cease from sinking neutral merchant and passenger ships without warning. D. permit Red Cross officials to travel on German submarines to monitor civilian deaths. 15. Wilson s most effective slogan in the campaign of 1916 was A. The full dinner pail. B. Free and unlimited coinage of silver in the ratio of sixteen to one. C. A war to make the world safe for democracy. D. He kept us out of war.