Youth and Social Entrepreneurship for Sustainable Social Change in Bangladesh Juwel Rana Founder, South Asian Youth Research Initiatives for Department (SAYRID) Research Coordinator, Bangladesh Study Forum (BDSF), University of Dhaka Faculty Member, Department of Social Relations East West University
Outline of the Presentation Background Youth Social Entrepreneurs Youth Social Entrepreneurship Current State of Youth Social Enterprise Policies regarding Youth Social Entrepreneurship Program, Initiatives and Institutions Overcoming Social Problems through YSE Significance and Challenges of Policies Conclusion
Background Global Youth Population 1.8 billion aged 10-24 (UNFPA, 2014) 717 million in Asia Pacific Region comprises 60% of world population (UNSCAP, 2013) 48 million in Bangladesh aged 18-35 comprises 55% of total population (UNFPA, 2014) Demographic window of opportunity HDI rank 143 in 2013 75 million youth are unemployed globally 35 million out of 50 million unemployed youth in Bangladesh (CYP, 2011)
Future of the Nation: Youth Age Indicator The United Nations (15-24) Commonwealth (15-29) National Youth Policy (18-35)
ENTREPRENEUR E = Extra effort N = New ways of doing business T = Tactics R = Revolutionary Outlook E = Empowerment P = People-orientation R = Rational E = e-solution for Customers N = Next best Alternative / Next Opportunities (NO) E = Equity U = You-first Approach R = Reassessment of Decisions
Social Entrepreneur Effort to target problem(s) that has local expression but global relevance (Santos, 2009) Entrepreneurial activity with an embedded social purpose (Austin et.al, 2006)
Entrepreneur Social Entrepreneur Profit oriented Serve free- market ideology Address materialist motives Naked cash nexus Selfish and immoral Social purpose oriented Serve humanistic ideology Address social problems Social accountability Social values and morals
YOUTH DEVELOPMENT INDEX 0.64 84 out of 170 countries Year: 2013 Source: Commonwealth Youth Programme LITERACY RATES 83.18% Both sexes (15-24) % 80.61%Male (15-24) % 85.83%Female (15-24) % Year: 2015 Source: UNESCO TOBACCO USE 6.90% Both sexes (13-15) % 9.10%Male (13-15) % 5.10%Female (13-15) % Year: 2010 Source: WHO PREVALENCE OF HIV 0.1% Male (15-24) % 0.1% Female (15-24) % Year: 2013 Source: World Bank NET ENROLMENT RATE Secondary School 47.75% Both sexes % 44.36%Male % 51.28%Female % Year: 2012 Source: UNESCO
Youth Development Index 2013 Country GYD 2013 Rank & Score CYD 2013 Rank Youth Development Category Afghanistan 162 (0.27 ) - Low Bangladesh 84 (0.64) 20 Medium Bhutan 104 (0.55) - Medium India 98 (0.58) 25 Medium Iran 79 (0.65) - Medium Maldives 62 (0.69) 18 Medium Nepal 142(0.39) - Medium Pakistan 89 (0.63) 22 Medium Sri Lanka 72 (0.67) 19 Medium * GYD-Global Youth Development and CYD-Commonwealth Youth Development Source: Compiled by Rana & Khandaker, 2015 (Forthcoming) from Commonwealth Youth Programme, 2013
Entrepreneurial Opportunity in South Asia
GEI and FEI Ranking of the Asia-Pacific Region Country GEI 2015 Rank & Score (130 Countries) FEI 2015 (77 Countries) GEI 2014 Rank & Score (120 Countries) Australia 3 (77.6 ) 2 (74.8) 2 (77.8) Taiwan 8 (69.1) 26 (53.4) 6 (69.5) Singapore 10 (68.1) 16 (59.8) 10 (67.9) Korea 28 (54.1) 43 (40.1) 32 (46.7) Japan 33 (49.5) 44 (40) 35 (46.1) Hong Kong 40 (45.9) - 33 (46.5) Malaysia 53 (40.0) 46 (39.2) 44 (44.1) Brunei Darussalam 60 (36.9) - 53 (39.2 ) China 61 (36.4) 48 (38.3) 46 (41.6) Thailand 68 (32.1) 52 (36.6) 64 (35.5) Sri Lanka 71 (31.1) - - Lao PDR 72 (31.1) - - Vietnam 85 (28.8) - - Kazakhstan 88 (28.4) - 79 (30.6) Philippines 95 (27.7) - 89 (28.5) Cambodia 98 (26.3) - - India 104 (25.3) 70 (25.3) 75 (31.3) Myanmar 109 (23.1) - - Indonesia 120 (21.0) - 67 (34.2) Pakistan 123 (20.1) 77 (15.2) 115 (18.7) Bangladesh 130 (14.4) 75 (17.9) 120 (13.8) Asia-Pacific Average 37.5 - - *GEI-Global Entrepreneurship Index 2014-15 * FEI-Female Entrepreneurship Index 2015
Fourteen (14) Pillars for Entrepreneurship Development
Entrepreneurship Indicators in Bangladesh Pillars Rank Entrepreneurial Attitudes, Rank 108.000 Entrepreneurial Attitudes, Score 14.500 Opportunity perception 0.370 Startup skills 0.050 Risk Acceptance 0.030 Networking 0.070 Cultural Support 0.290 Entrepreneurial Abilities, Rank 121.000 Entrepreneurial Abilities, Score 21.200 Opportunity startup 0.470 Technology Absorption 0.170 Human capital 0.090 Competition 0.230 Entrepreneurial Aspirations 130.000 Entrepreneurial Aspirations 7.600 Product Innovation 0.040 Process Innovation 0.070 High Growth 0.130 Internationalization 0.030
Business Environment for The Private Sector and Trade in Bangladesh Indicators 2011 2012 2013 2014 Business extent of disclosure index (0=less disclosure to 10=more disclosure) 6.000 6.000 6.000 6.000 Ease of doing business index (1=most business-friendly regulations) - - 170.00 0 173.00 0 New business density (new registrations per 1,000 people ages 15-64) 0.101 0.092 - - New businesses registered (number) 9,884.000 9,193.000 Cost of business start-up procedures (% of GNI per capita) 19.500 19.600 18.800 16.800 Time required to start a business (days) 26.500 26.500 21.800 19.500 Start-up procedures to register a business (number) 9.000 9.000 9.000 9.000 Other taxes payable by businesses (% of commercial profits) - - 3.900 3.900
Policies regarding Youth Social Entrepreneurship National Youth Policy 2013: Youth Issues Education: cannot get proper education Employment: cannot get esteemed jobs Training: cannot receive proper training Health: cannot avail proper health services Environment: deterioration and pollution of environment Amusement: deprived of amusement opportunity Sports and Games: poverty, ill health and lack of sufficient sports Technology: deprived of the facilities of modern technological know
Objectives of Youth Policy Awareness towards democratic principles and social justice Arousing social and moral values Pride of cultural, historical and spiritual heritage Serve humanity by enlightening human values Scope of employment and entrepreneur-ship development Proper education and training Self-reliance and to motivate them for employment Skill development training and micro credit facilities Organize and assist youth organizations for development activities Participation of youth in social development Engage in literacy drive, disaster management, health care vaccination, tree plantation, family-welfare and environment preservation Protect from social abuse, terror, oppression, torture and decay Engage in sports and games, debate, literary and cultural activities
Youth Programmes Employment opportunities Guaranteeing constitutional rights Skill development training and self-employment facilities Equal distribution and utilization of available resources Loan amongst youths Coordinating and straightening youth work Create better opportunities for youth self-employment Utilize modern technology by enriching them Instill leadership qualities Create constructive mentality and outlook Establish a youth information center Introduce youth exchange programme
Priority Youth Sector Unemployed youth Disadvantage youth Drop-out youths from educational institutions Oppressed and derailed youth Mentally retarded youth Drug addicted youth
Handicrafts Beauty parlor Boutique Trading cloth item IT service Restaurant Education Service Event management Music Social Enterprises
Policies for Social Entrepreneurship Development To build up a supportive ecosystem and facilitate the tools & atmosphere Loan and financing
Inspiring Women Entrepreneurship
Programs, Initiatives and Institutions Capacity building Training and development program Vocational and technical education Entrepreneurial education Stimulating activities Supporting activities Sustaining activities
Institutions: Government Bangladesh Bank Bangladesh Small and Cottage Industries Corporation (BSCIC) SME Foundation Bangladesh Rural Development Board (BRDB) Bangladesh Institute of Management (BIM) Directorate of Woman Affairs (DWA) Department of Youth Development (DYD) Ministry of Youth and Sports (MoYS)
Institutions: Non-government Organization Micro-Industries Development and Assistance Services (MIDAS) Bangladesh Rural Advancement Committee (BRAC) Gana Shasthya Kendra (GSK) Business Advisory Services Centre (BASC) National Association of Small and Cottage Industries of Bangladesh (NASCIB) Dhaka Chambers of Commerce and Industry (DCCI) Bangladesh Employers Federation (BEF) Women Entrepreneurs Association (WEA) Bangladesh Youth Leadership Center (BYLC) South Asian Youth Society (SAYS) South Youth Research Initiatives for Development (SAYRID) Youth School of Social Entrepreneurship (YSSE)
Social Problems in Bangladesh Unemployment Poverty Overpopulation Food Crisis Child labor Crime and Violence Economic, gender and social inequality Corruption Bad Governance Environmental degradation Malnutrition Health care inequality Illiteracy Fragile democracy Terrorism and peace Energy crisis Divorce
Youth Unemployment in Bangladesh Youth Unemployment 13% 12% 11% 10% 9% 8% 7% 6% 5% 4% 3% 2% 1% 0% Male Female Total
Youth Social Entrepreneurship and Sustainable Social Change Social Entrepreneurship a process involving the innovative use and combination of resources to pursue opportunities to catalyze social change and/or address social needs (Mair & Mair 2006).
Success Stories of Social Entrepreneurship Key stats. Hathay Bunano Countries exported to 37 No. of employees 8,000 Average age of employees : 25-35 Minimum age of employees 16
Ivy Huq Russell, a former investment banker, Founded Maya with a vision to empower women through giving them access to information and a shared community.
1=the best GCI Global Competitiveness Index - Rank 140 (1=the best) 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 Bangladesh Bhutan India Nepal Pakistan Sri Lanka
GDP per capita, PPP (current international $)
Global Entrepreneurship Index 2015, Rank 2015 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 rank, 1 = the best Sri Lanka Pakistan Iran India Bangladesh
Global Entrepreneurship Index 2015, Score
Rank Prosperity Rank of Bangladesh 180 160 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 2012 2013 2014 Bangladesh India Sri Lanka Bhutan Nepal Pakistan Afghanistan
Significance and Challenges of Policies
Youth: The Social Change Maker Youth Social Entrepreneurship Can Bring Sustainable Social Change in Bangladesh
ALL THE BEST TO YOU AS A SUCCESSFUL YOUTH SOCIAL ENTREPRENEUR IN THE FUTURE