New Perspectives in German Political Studies General Editors: William Paterson OBE is Honorary Professor of German and European Politics at the University of Aston, UK, and Chairman of the German British Forum. Charlie Jeffery is Professor of Politics at the University of Edinburgh, UK. Germany remains a pivotal country in Europe. It is Europe s biggest economy, continues to play a central role in the European Union and has a growing significance in international security politics, based on its strategic location at the centre of Europe and its evolving role as a provider of security in Europe and beyond. All this is nuanced by the legacies of a turbulent recent history: the two World Wars, the Holocaust, Germany s division after World War II and its unification in 1990. New Perspectives in German Political Studies has been designed as a platform for debate and scholarship on contemporary Germany. It welcomes contributions from political science, international relations, political economy and contemporary history. It follows on from the success of the earlier series New Perspectives in German Studies, co-edited by William Paterson and the late Professor Michael Butler. Titles include: Laura Chappell GERMANY, POLAND AND THE COMMON SECURITY AND DEFENCE POLICY Converging Security and Defence Perspectives in an Enlarged EU Hartwig Pautz THINK TANKS, SOCIAL DEMOCRACY AND SOCIAL POLICY Ed Turner POLITICAL PARTIES AND PUBLIC POLICY IN THE GERMAN LÄNDER When Parties Matter Timo Fleckenstein INSTITUTIONS, IDEAS AND LEARNING IN WELFARE STATE CHANGE Labour Market Reforms in Germany Alister Miskimmon, William E. Paterson and James Sloam (editors) GERMANY S GATHERING CRISIS The 2005 Federal Election and the Grand Coalition Anne Fuchs PHANTOMS OF WAR IN CONTEMPORARY GERMAN LITERATURE, FILMS AND DISCOURSE The Politics of Memory Beverly Crawford POWER AND GERMAN FOREIGN POLICY Embedded Hegemony in Europe Dan Hough, Michael Koß and Jonathan Olsen THE LEFT PARTY IN CONTEMPORARY GERMAN POLITICS
Roger Woods GERMANY S NEW RIGHT AS CULTURE AND POLITICS Christian Schweiger BRITAIN, GERMANY AND THE FUTURE OF THE EUROPEAN UNION Matthew M.C. Allen THE VARIETIES OF CAPITALISM PARADIGM Explaining Germany s Comparative Advantage? Gunther Hellmann (editor) GERMANY S EU POLICY IN ASYLUM AND DEFENCE De-Europeanization by Default? Charles Lees PARTY POLITICS IN GERMANY A Comparative Politics Approach Ronald Speirs and John Breuilly (editors) GERMANY S TWO UNIFICATIONS Anticipations, Experiences, Responses James Sloam THE EUROPEAN POLICY OF THE GERMAN SOCIAL DEMOCRATS Interpreting a Changing World Margarete Kohlenbach WALTER BENJAMIN Self-Reference and Religiosity Henning Tewes GERMANY, CIVILIAN POWER AND THE NEW EUROPE Enlarging NATO and the European Union Wolf-Dieter Eberwein and Karl Kaiser (editors) GERMANY S NEW FOREIGN POLICY Decision-Making in an Interdependent World Ruth Wittlinger GERMAN NATIONAL IDENTITY IN THE TWENTY-FIRST CENTURY A Different Republic After All? Chantal Lacroix IMMIGRANTS, LITERATURE AND NATIONAL INTEGRATION Gerard Braunthal RIGHT-WING EXTREMISM IN CONTEMPORARY GERMANY New Perspectives in German Political Studies Series Standing Order ISBN 978 0 333 92430 3 hardcover Series Standing Order ISBN 978 0 333 92434 1 paperback (outside North America only) You can receive future titles in this series as they are published by placing a standing order. Please contact your bookseller or, in case of difficulty, write to us at the address below with your name and address, the title of the series and the ISBNs quoted above. Customer Services Department, Macmillan Distribution Ltd, Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 6XS, England
Germany, Poland and the Common Security and Defence Policy Converging Security and Defence Perspectives in an Enlarged EU Laura Chappell Lecturer in European Politics, School of Politics, University of Surrey, UK Palgrave macmillan
Laura Chappell 2012 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 2010 978-0-230-29201-7 All rights reserved. No reproduction, copy or transmission of this publication may be made without written permission. No portion of this publication may be reproduced, copied or transmitted save with written permission or in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, or under the terms of any licence permitting limited copying issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency, Saffron House, 6 10 Kirby Street, London EC1N 8TS. Any person who does any unauthorized act in relation to this publication may be liable to criminal prosecution and civil claims for damages. The author has asserted her right to be identified as the author of this work in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. First published 2012 by PALGRAVE MACMILLAN Palgrave Macmillan in the UK is an imprint of Macmillan Publishers Limited, registered in England, company number 785998, of Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 6XS. Palgrave Macmillan in the US is a division of St Martin s Press LLC, 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10010. Palgrave Macmillan is the global academic imprint of the above companies and has companies and representatives throughout the world. Palgrave and Macmillan are registered trademarks in the United States, the United Kingdom, Europe and other countries. ISBN 978-1-349-33222-9 ISBN 978-1-137-00785-8 ( ebook) DOI 10.1057/9781137007858 This book is printed on paper suitable for recycling and made from fully managed and sustained forest sources. Logging, pulping and manufacturing processes are expected to conform to the environmental regulations of the country of origin. A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. A catalog record for this book is available from the Library of Congress. 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12
To my parents, Jill and Peter Chappell
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Contents List of Figures and Tables List of Abbreviations Acknowledgements viii ix xi 1 Introducing Germany, Poland and the Common Security and Defence Policy (CSDP) 1 2 Constructing an Analytical Framework 14 3 The Development of German and Polish Strategic Cultures 35 4 German and Polish Roles and the CSDP 68 5 Germany, Poland and the European Security Strategy: Analysing Continuity and Change 109 6 Developing the EU Battlegroup Concept: The Perceptions and Contributions of Germany and Poland 138 7 Conclusion 170 Notes 199 References 206 Index 228 vii
Figures and Tables Figures 2.1 Constructing a role set 27 6.1 EU timeline for deployment 149 Tables 3.1 Poland s role set after the Cold War 44 3.2 Germany s role set after the Cold War 58 4.1 CSDP missions in 2003 72 4.2 CSDP missions from 2004 to present 73 4.3 German, French, UK, Italian, Spanish and Polish contributions to CSDP military missions from 2003 to present 86 4.4 US, German, French, UK, Italian, Spanish and Polish contributions to UN peacekeeping missions in December 2003, 2007 and 2010 and rankings 91 4.5 Military expenditure of the six largest EU member states and the US in US $m. (2009) and % of GDP 102 6.1 EU Battlegroup commitment roster from 2005 to 2016 141 7.1 Germany and Poland s changing role sets 185 7.2 Convergence and divergence in Polish and German role sets 192 viii
Abbreviations AFOR AMIS AMM BGs CDU CEECs CFSP CMC CONOPs CPE CSCE CSU DPG EC ECAP EDA EEC EPC ESDI ESDP ESS EU EUBAM EUFOR EUJUST EUMC EUMS EUPAT EUPOL EUPT EUSec FDP Albania Force African Union Mission in Sudan Aceh Monitoring Mission Battlegroups Christian Democratic Union (Christlich Demokratische Union) Central and Eastern European countries Common Foreign and Security Policy Crisis Management Concept Concept of Operations Civilian Power Europe Conference for Security Cooperation in Europe Christian Social Union (Christlich Soziale Union) Defence Policy Guidelines European Community European Capabilities Action Plan European Defence Agency European Economic Community European Political Cooperation European Security and Defence Identity European Security and Defence Policy European Security Strategy European Union European Union Border Missions European Union Force Missions European Union Rule of Law Missions European Union Military Committee European Union Military Staff European Union Police Advisory Team European Union Police Missions European Union Planning Team European Union Security Sector Reform Mission Free Democratic Party (Freie Demokratische Partei) ix
x List of Abbreviations (F)HQ Field Headquarters FN Framework Nation FPA Foreign Policy Analysis FRG Federal Republic of Germany GDP Gross Domestic Product GDR German Democratic Republic HG2003/2010 Headline Goal 2003/2010 HHG Helsinki Headline Goal (also known as HG2003) IFOR Implementation Force IGC Intergovernmental Conference IMD Initiating Military Directive IR International Relations KFOR Kosovo Force MdB Die Mitglieder des Deutschen Bundestages (Members of the German Parliament) MoU Memorandum of Understanding MSOs Military Strategic Options NATO North Atlantic Treaty Organisation NRF NATO Reaction Force NSS National Security Strategy OHQ Operation Headquarters OpCdr Operation Commander OPlan Operational Plan PSC Political and Security Committee R & T Research and Technology SALIS Strategic Airlift Interim Solution SFOR Stabilisation Force SHAPE Supreme Headquarters Allied Powers Europe SPD Social Democratic Party, Germany (Sozialdemokratische Partei Deutschlands) UN United Nations UNDOF United Nation s Disengagement Observation Force UNIFIL United Nation s Interim Force in Lebanon VPR Verteidigungspolitischen Richtlinien (Defence Policy Guidelines) WEU West European Union WMD Weapons of Mass Destruction
Acknowledgements There are a number of people I would like to thank for enabling this book to come to fruition. I am extremely indebted to Professor Willie Paterson for his support, encouragement and feedback on the book. Thanks also go to Dr Kerry Longhurst for her advice, guidance and detailed commentary. Furthermore, I would like to thank Professor Emil Kirchner and Dr Carolyn Moore for their extremely useful constructive criticism. I would like to thank the Institute for German Studies at the University of Birmingham, UK, for the funding they provided and der Deutsche Akademischer Austausch Dienst (DAAD) of Germany for funding the German section of the fieldwork. I am grateful to Dr Olaf Osica at the Centrum Europejski Natolin, Poland, and Dr Kai-Olaf Lang at die Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik (SWP), Germany, for facilitating my fieldwork in Warsaw and Berlin respectively. Additional thanks go to Frau Zanzig at die Deutsche Gesellschaft für Auswärtige Politik (DGAP), Germany. I would also like to thank all my interview partners who took time out of their busy schedules, some more than once, to answer my numerous questions. Their insights were invaluable. I would like to thank my friends both inside and outside of academia. They have offered me support throughout the course of this research while also keeping me relatively sane. I am extremely grateful to Nicola Corkin for undertaking the daunting task of teaching me German. This gave me a good foundation on which to improve my language skills while in Vienna, Austria. Naturally, a special mention goes to my family for all their encouragement. Thanks go to my Granny, Lottie Chappell, and my parents for their invaluable financial sponsorship, and to my Mum for proofreading. Any mistakes which remain are purely my own. Finally, the greatest source of inspiration has been provided by my parents, Jill and Peter Chappell, and it is to them that I dedicate this book. xi