Jennifer Hollings IOM Regional Office for the EEA, EU and NATO The International Organization for Migration (IOM) Alpeuregio Summer School Visit 1 July 2015, Brussels THE MIGRATION AGENCY
Presentation contents 1. IOM global structure and mandate 2. IOM and the EU 3. Trends and challenges 4. The Mediterranean Response 5. Links and further information 2
International Organization for Migration (IOM) IOM is the world's largest agency dealing with migration 3
At a glance IOM has grown from a relatively small agency to a global intergovernmental organization: Membership increased from 67 States in 1998 to 157 States in 2015 and continues to grow. There are currently 10 Observer States. Total Expenditure increased from US$ 242.2 million in 1998 to US$ 2.039 billion in 2014. Field locations increased from 119 in 1998 to more than 481 at present. More than 480 Country Offices and sub-offices worldwide. Active projects increased from 686 in 1998 to more than 2,300 in 2014 Operational staff increased from approximately 1,100 in 1998 to more than 9,000 at present, almost entirely in the field (almost 50/50 men and women) 4
The IOM Commitment IOM is committed to the principle that humane and orderly migration benefits migrants and societies. 5
IOM s Mission World s leading International Organization addressing migration with a mandate to: Uphold the human dignity and well-being of migrants Assist in meeting the growing operational challenges of migration management Advance understanding of migration issues Encourage social and economic development through migration 6
Brief history 1951 1952 1950s 1980 1989 Founded as the Provisional Intergovernmental Committee for the Movement of Migrants from Europe (PICMME) out of the chaos and displacement of Western Europe following the Second World War Changes to the Intergovernmental Committee for European Migration (ICEM) Mandated to help European governments to identify resettlement countries for 11 million people uprooted by the war, arranging transport for nearly a million migrants Becomes the Intergovernmental Committee for Migration (ICM) Becomes the International Organization for Migration (IOM) Logistics Agency Global Migration Agency 7
IOM Evolution 1. Post World War II (1951 1964) Mass migration of Europeans displaced by WWII. High unemployment in Western Europe 2. Regional & Intra-State Conflicts (1965 1989) Refugee resettlement programmes (Africa, Southeast Asia, Central America) 3. Globalization Phase (1990 Present) Resettlement; emergencies, migration and development, labour migration, counter trafficking, return and reintegration, DDR, migration health 8
IOM GLOBAL PRESENCE (+150 countries). Regional Offices Special Liaison Offices Administrative Centres Capacity Building Centre Research and Training Centre Country Offices 9
IOM ADMINISTRATIVE STRUCTURE Regional Office Brussels Regional Office San José PAC Special Liaison Office New York Regional Office Dakar Regional Office Vienna Regional Office Cairo Special Liaison Office Addis Ababa Regional Office Nairobi Regional Office Bangkok MAC Regional Office Buenos Aires Regional Office Pretoria 9 Regional Offices 2 Special Liaison Offices 2 Administrative Centres (Manila & Panama) 10
Regional Office in Brussels Restructured in 2011 to ensure better coordination, regional coverage, and to bring IOM action closer to EU institutions and Member States, all of which are also members of IOM. Acts as IOM s liaison and coordination office to the European Union (EU) and other key Brussels-based stakeholders Supports IOM offices worldwide on EU-related policy, programmes, legislation and cooperation, and Provides policy, programme and resource management support to 29 IOM Country Offices in the region. Staff: 43 (includes regular staff and interns) 11
IOM and the EU Framework Agreements facilitate EU funding to IOM programmes and projects Policy dialogue takes place regularly at expert, Head of Unit and Director General levels as part of the EU-IOM Strategic Cooperation Framework Working relations are established with EU agencies (Frontex, EASO, FRA, ETF, ECDC ) In 2014, the EU and its Member States contributed EUR 240 million to IOM s operations in 129 countries 12
Service Areas: a Comprehensive Approach to Migration Migration Policy and Research Migration & Development Regulating Migration Facilitating Migration Migration Health Humanitarian Emergencies, Resettlement and Post-Crisis Operations 13
Global migration trends today Era of greatest human mobility 1. One Billion Migrants Worldwide - 232 million international migrants (UN DESA) - 740 million internal migrants (UNDP) 2. Urbanization - More than 50% of world s pop. in urban areas (1st time in history) 3. Feminisation - 48% of migrants women (more in north than south countries) 4. Forecast - 405 million international migrants in 2050 (at current rate) 14
The Big Trends and Patterns More people on the move - Higher volumes More Types of Movements More Destinations - Past: a handful of immigration countries - Present: almost all countries affected; more widely distributed across countries More Routes & Travel Strategies - Short(er)-term - Multi-stage - Circular 15
Main Drivers of Migration THE 8 D s DEMOGRAPHY: North aging. South youthful DEMAND: labour shortages vs. labour surplus DISPARITY: increasing, economic + social DISTANCE: shrinking; budget transport DIGITAL REVOLUTION: instant accessible info effects mobility DISASTERS: Natural, man-made, slow-onset; DESPERATION: unbearable circumstances at home DREAMS: of a life with dignity and prosperity. 16
Migration / Europe Europe remains the most popular destination region with 72 million international migrants in 2013. This is about 31% of all international migrants. (UN DESA 2013) At the beginning of 2013, the EU population was 503 million, of which 20.4 million were third-country nationals, corresponding to 4% of the total population. (Eurostat, EC 5 th Annual Report on Migration 2014) The largest numbers of third-country nationals in the EU are from Turkey (approx. 2.4million), Morocco (approx. 1.8million) and Albania (approx. 1million). 17
18
Migration / Mediterranean 19
Migration / Mediterranean 20
Migration / Mediterranean Drivers of irregular migration in the Mediterranean region are diverse, reflecting the mixed nature of flows and compounded by limited regular migration channels and restrictive policies At the same time, a significant share of irregular migrants in the EU entered legally and then overstayed The majority of persons displaced by conflict in the EU s Neighbourhood are hosted in the region IOM has prioritised four key areas of action in its response: 1. Protecting migrants basic rights 2. Addressing drivers of irregular migration 3. Promoting safe, orderly and dignified human mobility 4. Developing partnerships for growth and competitiveness 21
22
IOM on the Web IOM s Global Website: www.iom.int IOM Missing Migrants: www.missingmigrants.iom.int IOM Regional Office Brussels Website: eea.iom.int IOM on Twitter: @IOM_news IOM on Facebook: www.facebook.com/iommigration IOM on You Tube: www.youtube.com/user/iommigration IOM s Blog: weblog.iom.int 23
THANK YOU 24