Data Codebook for a Round 5 Afrobarometer Survey in Nigeria Prepared by: Dominique Lewis Michigan State University May 2013 The Institute for Democracy in South Africa (IDASA) Ghana Centre for Democratic Development (CDD-Ghana) Michigan State University (MSU) 6 Spin Street, Church Square 14 West Airport Residential Area Department of Political Science Cape Town 8001, South Africa P.O. Box 404, Legon-Accra, Ghana East Lansing, Michigan 48824 27 21 461 2559 fax: 27 21 461 2589 233 21 776 142 fax: 233 21 763 028 517 353 3377 fax: 517 432 1091 Mattes (bob@idasact.org.za) Gyimah-Boadi (cdd@ghana.com) Bratton (mbratton@msu.edu) Copyright Afrobarometer
Survey Overview The Quality of Democracy and Governance in Nigeria Afrobarometer Round 5, 2012 Dates of Fieldwork: 29 th October to 30 th November, 2012 Sample size: 2,400 Sampling frame: Sample universe: Sample design: Stratification: Stages: 2012 population projections developed by National Population Commission (NPC) based on the 2006 Census Citizens of Nigeria who are 18 years and older Nationally representative, random, clustered, stratified, multi-stage area probability sample States and urban-rural location Rural areas: Randomly select SSUs (Local Government Area) from strata, PSUs (EAs, two per SSU), start points, households, respondents Urban areas: Randomly select PSUs (EAs) from strata, start points, households, respondents PSU selection: Cluster size: Household selection: Probability proportionate to population size (PPPS) 8 households per PSU Randomly selected start points, followed by walk pattern using 5/10 interval Respondent selection: Gender quota filled by alternating interviews between men and women; respondents of appropriate gender listed, after which household member draws a numbered card to select individual Weighting: Margin of error: Fieldwork by: Survey Languages: Main researchers: Weighted to account for individual selection probabilities and to correct for a purposive over-sample in the South-South region. +/- 2% at 95% confidence level Practical Sampling International English, Pidgin English, Yoruba, Igbo and Hausa Taofeeq Akinremi & Moses Olusola Outcome rates: Contact rate: 97.3% Cooperation rate: 92.4% Refusal rate: 1.5% Response rate: 89.9% EA Substitution Rate: No substitutions Copyright Afrobarometer 2
Question Number: RESPNO Question: Respondent number Variable Label: Respondent number Values: NIG0001-NIG2400 Value Labels: String variable Note: Assigned by data managers Question Number: BACKCHK Question: Household back-checked? Variable Label: Household back-checked? Values: 1-2 Value Labels: 1=Yes, 2=No Question Number: URBRUR Question: PSU/EA Variable Label: Urban or Rural Primary Sampling Unit Values: 1-2 Value Labels: 1=urban, 2=rural Question Number: REGION Question: Region/Province Variable Label: Province or region Values: 620-656 Value Labels: 620=Abia, 621=Adamawa, 622= Akwa-Ibom, 623=Anambra, 624=Bauchi, 625=Bayelsa, 626=Benue, 627=Borno, 628=Cross-River, 629=Delta, 630=Ebonyi, 631=Edo, 632=Ekiti, 633=Enugu, 634=FCT, 635=Gombe, 636=Imo, 637=Jigawa, 638=Kaduna, 639=Kano, 640=Katsina, 641=Kebbi, 642=Kogi, 643=Kwara, 644=Lagos, 645=Nasarawa, 646=Niger, 647=Ogun, 648=Ondo, 649=Osun, 650=Oyo, 651=Plateau, 652=Rivers, 653=Sokoto, 654=Taraba, 655=Yobe, 656=Zamfara Question Number: DISTRICT Question: District Variable Label: District Values: String variable Question Number: EA_SVC_A Question: Are the following services present in the primary sampling unit/enumeration area: Electricity grid that most houses could access? Variable Label: Electricity grid in the PSU/EA Values: 0, 1, 9, -1 Value Labels: 0=No, 1=Yes, 9=Can t determine, -1=Missing Note: Question was filled in conjunction with field supervisor Question Number: EA_SVC_B Question: Are the following services present in the primary sampling unit/enumeration area: Piped water system that most houses could access? Variable Label: Piped water system in the PSU/EA Values: 0, 1, 9, -1 Value Labels: 0=No, 1=Yes, 9=Can t determine, -1=Missing Copyright Afrobarometer 3
Note: Question was filled in conjunction with field supervisor Question Number: EA_SVC_C Question: Are the following services present in the primary sampling unit/enumeration area: Sewage system that most houses could access? Variable Label: Sewage system in the PSU/EA Values: 0, 1, 9, -1 Value Labels: 0=No, 1=Yes, 9=Can t determine, -1=Missing Note: Question was filled in conjunction with field supervisor Question Number: EA_SVC_D Question: Are the following services present in the primary sampling unit/enumeration area: Cell phone service? Variable Label: Cell phone service in the PSU/EA Values: 0, 1, 9, -1 Value Labels: 0=No, 1=Yes, 9=Can t determine, -1=Missing Note: Question was filled in conjunction with field supervisor Question Number: EA_FAC_A Question: Are the following facilities present in the primary sampling unit/enumeration area, or within easy walking distance: Post-office? Variable Label: Post-office in the PSU/EA Values: 0, 1, 9, -1 Value Labels: 0=No, 1=Yes, 9=Can t determine, -1=Missing Note: Question was filled in conjunction with field supervisor Question Number: EA_FAC_B Question: Are the following facilities present in the primary sampling unit/enumeration area, or within easy walking distance: School? Variable Label: School in the PSU/EA Values: 0, 1, 9, -1 Value Labels: 0=No, 1=Yes, 9=Can t determine, -1=Missing Note: Question was filled in conjunction with field supervisor Question Number: EA_FAC_C Question: Are the following facilities present in the primary sampling unit/enumeration area, or within easy walking distance: Police station? Variable Label: Police station in the PSU/EA Values: 0, 1, 9, -1 Value Labels: 0=No, 1=Yes, 9=Can t determine, -1=Missing Note: Question was filled in conjunction with field supervisor Question Number: EA_FAC_D Question: Are the following facilities present in the primary sampling unit/enumeration area, or within easy walking distance: Health clinic? Variable Label: Health clinic in the PSU/EA Values: 0, 1, 9, -1 Value Labels: 0=No, 1=Yes, 9=Can t determine, -1 Missing Note: Question was filled in conjunction with field supervisor Copyright Afrobarometer 4
Question Number: EA_FAC_E Question: Are the following facilities present in the primary sampling unit/enumeration area, or within easy walking distance: Market stalls (selling groceries and/or clothing)? Variable Label: Market stalls in the PSU/EA Values: 0, 1, 9, -1 Value Labels: 0=No, 1=Yes, 9=Can t determine, -1 Missing Note: Question was filled in conjunction with field supervisor Question Number: EA_SEC_A Question: In the PSU/EA, did you (or any of your colleagues) see: Any policemen or police vehicles? Variable Label: Police in the PSU/EA Values: 0, 1, 9, -1 Value Labels: 0=No, 1=Yes, 9=Don t know, -1 Missing Note: Question was filled in conjunction with field supervisor Question Number: EA_SEC_B Question: In the PSU/EA, did you (or any of your colleagues) see: Any soldiers or army vehicles? Variable Label: Soldiers/army in the PSU/EA Values: 0, 1, 9, -1 Value Labels: 0=No, 1=Yes, 9=Don t know, -1 Missing Note: Question was filled in conjunction with field supervisor Question Number: EA_SEC_C Question: In the PSU/EA, did you (or any of your colleagues) see: Any roadblocks set up by police or army? Variable Label: Roadblocks by police/army in the PSU/EA Values: 0, 1, 9, -1 Value Labels: 0=No, 1=Yes, 9=Don t know, -1 Missing Note: Question was filled in conjunction with field supervisor Question Number: EA_SEC_D Question: In the PSU/EA, did you (or any of your colleagues) see: Any roadblocks or booms set up by private security providers? Variable Label: Roadblocks by private security in the PSU/EA Values: 0, 1, 9, -1 Value Labels: 0=No, 1=Yes, 9=Don t know, -1 Missing Note: Question was filled in conjunction with field supervisor Question Number: EA_SEC_E Question: In the PSU/EA, did you (or any of your colleagues) see: Any roadblocks or booms set up by the local community? Variable Label: Roadblocks by local community in the PSU/EA Values: 0, 1, 9, -1 Value Labels: 0=No, 1=Yes, 9=Don t know, -1 Missing Note: Question was filled in conjunction with field supervisor Copyright Afrobarometer 5
Question Number: EA_ROAD Question: Thinking of your journey here: Was the road at the start point in the PSU/EA paved/ tarred/ concrete? Variable Label: Tarred/paved road Values: 0, 1, Value Labels: 0=No, 1=Yes, -1=Missing Note: Question was filled in conjunction with field supervisor Question Number: NOCALL_1 Question: Reasons for unsuccessful calls: Household 1 Variable Label: Reason for Unsuccessful Call Household 1 Values: 1-8, 997, 9997 Value Labels: 1=Refused to be interviewed, 2=Person selected was never at home after at least two visits, 3=Household/Premises empty for the survey period after at least two visits, 4=Not a citizen/spoke only a foreign language, 5=Deaf/Did not speak a survey language, 6=Did not fit gender quota, 7=No adults in household, 8=Other (specify), 997=Not applicable Source: Southern Africa Barometer (SAB), after instructions, It is your job is to select a random (this means any) household. A household is a group of people who presently eat together from the same spot. Start your walk pattern from the start point that has been randomly chosen by your Field Supervisor. Team members must walk in opposite directions to each other. If A walks towards the sun, B must walk away from the sun; C and D must walk at right angles to A and B. Use a 5 / 10 interval pattern to select a household. That is, walking in your designated direction away from the start point, select the 5 th household for the first interview, counting houses on both the right and the left (and starting with those on the right if they are opposite each other). Once you leave your first interview, continue on in the same direction, this time selecting the 10 th household, again counting houses on both the right and the left. If the settlement comes to an end and there are no more houses, turn at right angles to the right and keep walking, continuing to count until finding the tenth dwelling. Question Number: NOCALL_2 Question: Reasons for unsuccessful calls: Household 2 Variable Label: Reason for Unsuccessful Call Household 2 Values: 1-8, 997 Value Labels: 1=Refused to be interviewed, 2=Person selected was never at home after at least two visits, 3=Household/Premises empty for the survey period after at least two visits, 4=Not a citizen/spoke only a foreign language, 5=Deaf/Did not speak a survey language, 6=Did not fit gender quota, 7=No adults in household, 8=Other (specify), 997=Not applicable Question Number: NOCALL_3 Question: Reasons for unsuccessful calls: Household 3 Variable Label: Reason for Unsuccessful Call Household 3 Values: 1-8, 997 Value Labels: 1=Refused to be interviewed, 2=Person selected was never at home after at least two visits, 3=Household/Premises empty for the survey period after at least two visits, 4=Not a citizen/spoke only a foreign language, 5=Deaf/Did not speak a survey language, 6=Did not fit gender quota, 7=No adults in household, 8=Other (specify), 997=Not applicable Copyright Afrobarometer 6
Question Number: NOCALL_4 Question: Reasons for unsuccessful calls: Household 4 Variable Label: Reason for Unsuccessful Call Household 4 Values: 1-8, 997 Value Labels: 1=Refused to be interviewed, 2=Person selected was never at home after at least two visits, 3=Household/Premises empty for the survey period after at least two visits, 4=Not a citizen/spoke only a foreign language, 5=Deaf/Did not speak a survey language, 6=Did not fit gender quota, 7=No adults in household, 8=Other (specify), 997=Not applicable Question Number: NOCALL_5 Question: Reasons for unsuccessful calls: Household 5 Variable Label: Reason for Unsuccessful Call Household 5 Values: 1-8, 997 Value Labels: 1=Refused to be interviewed, 2=Person selected was never at home after at least two visits, 3=Household/Premises empty for the survey period after at least two visits, 4=Not a citizen/spoke only a foreign language, 5=Deaf/Did not speak a survey language, 6=Did not fit gender quota, 7=No adults in household, 8=Other(specify), 997=Not applicable Question Number: NOCALL_6 Question: Reasons for unsuccessful calls: Household 6 Variable Label: Reason for Unsuccessful Call Household 6 Values: 1-8, 997 Value Labels: 1=Refused to be interviewed, 2=Person selected was never at home after at least two visits, 3=Household/Premises empty for the survey period after at least two visits, 4=Not a citizen/spoke only a foreign language, 5=Deaf/Did not speak a survey language, 6=Did not fit gender quota, 7=No adults in household, 8=Other (specify), 997=Not applicable Question Number: NOCALL_7 Question: Reasons for unsuccessful calls: Household 7 Variable Label: Reason for Unsuccessful Call Household 7 Values: 1-8, 997 Value Labels: 1=Refused to be interviewed, 2=Person selected was never at home after at least two visits, 3=Household/Premises empty for the survey period after at least two visits, 4=Not a citizen/spoke only a foreign language, 5=Deaf/Did not speak a survey language, 6=Did not fit gender quota, 7=No adults in household, 8=Other (specify), 997=Not applicable Question Number: PREVINT Question: Previous interview was with a: Variable Label: Previous interview, gender Values: 0, 1, 2, Value Labels: 0=First interview, 1=Male, 2=Female Copyright Afrobarometer 7
Question Number: THISINT Question: This interview must be with a: Variable Label: This interview, gender Values: 1, 2 Value Labels: 1=Male, 2=Female Question Number: ADULT_CT Question: Total number of adult citizens in household Variable Label: Number of adults in household Values: 1-99, 998, 999, -1 Value Labels: 998=Refused to answer, 999= Don t know, -1=Missing data Source: Afrobarometer Round 4 Note: Interviewer was given the following instructions: Please record the total number of adult women/men (select correct gender, from above table) who are citizens of Nigeria in the household, i.e., how many names did you write in either the left or the right column above. Enter a two-digit number. Question Number: CALLS Question: How many calls were made to the household where the interview actually took place? Variable Label: Number of calls Values: 1, 2 Value Labels: 1=One call, 2=Two calls Question Number: DATEINTR Question: Date of interview Variable Label: Date of interview Values: 30.10.12 19.1.13. Entered in day, month, and year format Question Number: STRTIME Question: Time interview started Variable Label: Time interview started. Entered hour and minute, 24 hour clock Question Number: Q1 Question: How old are you? Variable Label: Age Values: 18-110, 998-999, -1 Value Labels: 998=Refused to answer, 999=Don t know, -1=Missing data Question Number: Q2 Question: Which Nigerian language is your home language? Variable Label: Language of respondent Values: 1, 620-658, 9995, 9998-9999, -1 Value Labels: 1=English, 620=Hausa, 621=Igbo, 622=Yoruba, 623=Pidgin English, 624=Efik, 625=Ebira, 626=Fulani, 627=Isoko, 628=Ibibio, 629=Kanuri, 630=Tiv, 631=Nupe, 632=Ijaw, 633=Edo, 634=Igala, 635=Urhobo, 636=Ogoni, 637=Anang, 638=Ikwere, 639=Idoma, 640=Esan, 641=Nembe, 642=Jukun, 643=Okrika, 644=Yakhor, 645=Ika, 646=Okpe, 647=Tarok, 648=Ibaji, 649=Migili, 650=Gbagyi, 651=Gwoza, 652=Bajju, 653=Ekpeye, 654=Kataf, 655=Mada, 656=Kalabari, 657=Sayawa, 658=Ohafia, 9995=Others, 9998=Refused to answer, 9999=Don t know, -1=Missing Note : Interviewer was instructed to prompt if necessary with That is, the language of your group of origin. Copyright Afrobarometer 8
Question Number: Q3A Question: In general, how would you describe: The present economic condition of this country? Variable Label: Country s present economic condition Value Labels: 1=Very bad, 2=Fairly bad, 3=Neither good nor bad, 4=Fairly good, 5=Very good, 9=Don t know, Source: NDB, Zambia96 Question Number: Q3B Question: In general, how would you describe: Your own present living conditions? Variable Label: Your present living conditions Value Labels: 1=Very bad, 2=Fairly bad, 3=Neither good nor bad, 4=Fairly good, 5=Very good, 9=Don t know, Source: NDB, Zambia96 Question Number: Q4 Question: In general, how do you rate your living conditions compared to those of other Nigerians? Variable Label: Your living conditions vs. others Value Labels: 1=Much worse, 2=Worse, 3=Same, 4=Better, 5=Much better, 9=Don t know, 998=Refused to answer, -1=Missing data Source: NDB, Zambia96 Question Number: Q5A Question: Looking back, how do you rate the following compared to twelve months ago: Economic conditions in this country? Variable Label: Country s economic condition compared to 12 months ago Value Labels: 1=Much worse, 2=Worse, 3=Same, 4=Better, 5=Much better, 9=Don t know, 998=Refused to answer, -1=Missing data Question Number: Q5B Question: Looking back, how do you rate the following compared to twelve months ago: Your living conditions? Variable Label: Your living conditions compared to 12 months ago Value Labels: 1=Much worse, 2=Worse, 3=Same, 4=Better, 5=Much better, 9=Don t know, 998=Refused to answer, -1=Missing data Source: NDB, Zambia96 Question Number: Q6A Question: Looking ahead, do you expect the following to be better or worse: Economic conditions in this country in twelve months time? Variable Label: Country s economic condition in 12 months time Value Labels: 1=Much worse, 2=Worse, 3=Same, 4=Better, 5=Much better, 9=Don t know, 998=Refused to answer, -1=Missing data Source: NDB, Zambia96 Copyright Afrobarometer 9
Question Number: Q6B Question: Looking ahead, do you expect the following to be better or worse: Your living conditions in twelve months time? Variable Label: Your living conditions in 12 months time Value Labels: 1=Much worse, 2=Worse, 3=Same, 4=Better, 5=Much better, 9=Don t know, 998=Refused to answer, -1=Missing data Source: NDB, Zambia96 Question Number: Q7 Question: What about the overall direction of the country? Would you say that the country is going in the wrong direction or going in the right direction? Variable Label: Overall direction of the country Values: 1, 2, 9, 998, -1 Value Labels: 1= Going in the wrong direction, 2= Going in the right direction, 9=Don t know, 998=Refused to answer, -1=Missing data Source: Afrobarometer Round5 Question Number: Q8A Question: Over the past year, how often, if ever, have you or anyone in your family: Gone without enough food to eat? Variable Label: How often gone without food Values: 0-4, 9, 998, -1 Value Labels: 0=Never, 1=Just once or twice, 2=Several times, 3=Many times, 4=Always, 9=Don t know, Source: NDB Question Number: Q8B Question: Over the past year, how often, if ever, have you or anyone in your family: Gone without enough clean water for home use? Variable Label: How often gone without water Values: 0-4, 9, 998, -1 Value Labels: 0=Never, 1=Just once or twice, 2=Several times, 3=Many times, 4=Always, 9=Don t know, Source: NDB Question Number: Q8C Question: Over the past year, how often, if ever, have you or anyone in your family: Gone without medicines or medical treatment? Variable Label: How often gone without medical care Values: 0-4, 9, 998, -1 Value Labels: 0=Never, 1=Just once or twice, 2=Several times, 3=Many times, 4=Always, 9=Don t know, Source: NDB Question Number: Q8D Question: Over the past year, how often, if ever, have you or anyone in your family: Gone without enough fuel to cook your food? Variable Label: How often gone without cooking fuel Values: 0-4, 9, 998, -1 Value Labels: 0=Never, 1=Just once or twice, 2=Several times, 3=Many times, 4=Always, 9=Don t know, Copyright Afrobarometer 10
Question Number: Q8E Question: Over the past year, how often, if ever, have you or anyone in your family: Gone without a cash income? Variable Label: How often gone without a cash income Values: 0-4, 9, 998, -1 Value Labels: 0=Never, 1=Just once or twice, 2=Several times, 3=Many times, 4=Always, 9=Don t know, Question Number: Q9A Question: Over the past year, how often, if ever, have you or anyone in your family: Felt unsafe walking in your neighbourhood? Variable Label: How often felt unsafe walking in neighbourhood Values: 0-4, 9, 998, -1 Value Labels: 0=Never, 1=Just once or twice, 2=Several times, 3=Many times, 4=Always, 9=Don t know, Source: Afrobarometer Round5 Question Number: Q9B Question: Over the past year, how often, if ever, have you or anyone in your family: Feared crime in your own home? Variable Label: How often feared crime in home Values: 0-4, 9, 998, -1 Value Labels: 0=Never, 1=Just once or twice, 2=Several times, 3=Many times, 4=Always, 9=Don t know, Source: Adapted from NDB Question Number: Q10A Question: During the past year, have you or anyone in your family: Had something stolen from your house? Variable Label: Had something stolen from house Value Labels: 0=No, 1=Once, 2=Twice, 3=Three or more times, 9=Don t know, 998=Refused to answer, - 1=Missing data Source: Adapted from NDB Note : If respondent answered «Yes», interviewer was instructed to follow up by asking «Did this happen once, twice or three or more times? Question Number: Q10B Question: During the past year, have you or anyone in your family: Been physically attacked? Variable Label: Have been physically attacked Value Labels: 0=No, 1=Once, 2=Twice, 3=Three or more times, 9=Don t know, 998=Refused to answer, - 1=Missing data Source: Adapted from NDB Note : If respondent answered «Yes», interviewer was instructed to follow up by asking «Did this happen once, twice or three or more times? Question Number: Q10C Question: Was any such incident reported to the police? Variable Label: Reported the incident to the police Values: 0, 1, 7, 9, 998, -1 Value Labels: 0=No, 1=Yes, 7= Not Applicable, 9=Don t know, Source: Afrobarometer Round5 Copyright Afrobarometer 11
Question Number: Q11 Question: Some people say that many crimes are never reported to the police. Based on your experience, what do you think is the main reason that many people do not report crimes like thefts or attacks to the police when they occur? Variable Label: Main reason for not reporting crimes to the police Values: 0-9, 9995, 9998, 9999, -1 Value Labels: 0= Most people do report crimes to the police, 1=People don t have enough time to report crimes, 2=No police or police station in the area / police station too far, 3= Police don t listen or care, 4= Police would have demanded money or a bribe to help, 5= Police wouldn t have been able to do anything, 6= Police may be involved in the robbery or assault, 7= Victim feared reprisal from attacker, 8= Victim too ashamed or embarrassed, 9= Crime was reported to some other authority like local government or traditional leaders, 10=Lack of evidence or witnesses, 11=Criminal unknown / lack of suspect, 12=People fear police / don t trust police, 13=Crime was minor, 14=Criminals were relatives or friends, 15=Don t know how to report / ignorance, 16=People forgive criminals, 620=Police turn the case against you, 621=Police do not respond on time/quickly, 9995=Other, 9998=Refused to answer, 9999=Don t know, -1=Missing data Source: Afrobarometer Round5 Question Number: Q12 Question: If you were a victim of crime in this country, who, if anyone, would you go to first for assistance? Variable Label: If a victim of crime, whom to go to first for assistance Values: 0-9, 9995, 9998, 9999, -1 Value Labels: 0= No One, 1= The police, 2= A security service or security company that you pay for, 3= A traditional leader or traditional court, 4= A street committee or local security organization, 5= A powerful local person or local gang, 6= You would personally take revenge, 7= You would join with others to take revenge, 8= Your own family or friends, 9= The family of the perpetrator, 10=Local government official, 11=Neighbor, 12=Employer or landlord, 13=God, 620=Military/Soldiers/Army, 621=Pastor/Church, 622=Lawyer, 623=Politician, 624=School Authority, 9995=Other, 9998=Refused to answer, 9999=Don t know, -1=Missing data Source: Afrobarometer Round5 Question Number: Q13A Question: How often do you get news from the following sources: Radio? Variable Label: Radio news Values: 0-4, 9, 998, -1 Value Labels: 0=Never, 1=Less than once a month, 2=A few times a month, 3=A few times a week, 4=Every day, 9=Don t know, Source: Zambia96 Question Number: Q13B Question: How often do you get news from the following sources: Television? Variable Label: Television news Values: 0-4, 9, 998, -1 Value Labels: 0=Never, 1=Less than once a month, 2=A few times a month, 3=A few times a week, 4=Every day, 9=Don t know, Question Number: Q13C Question: How often do you get news from the following sources: Newspapers? Variable Label: Newspaper news Values: 0-4, 9, 998, -1 Value Labels: 0=Never, 1=Less than once a month, 2=A few times a month, 3=A few times a week, 4=Every day, 9=Don t know, Source: Zambia96 Question Number: Q13D Question: How often do you get news from the following sources: Internet? Copyright Afrobarometer 12
Variable Label: Internet Values: 0-4, 9, 998, -1 Value Labels: 0=Never, 1=Less than once a month, 2=A few times a month, 3=A few times a week, 4=Every day, 9=Don t know, Source: Afrobarometer Round5 Question Number: Q14 Question: How interested would you say you are in public affairs? Variable Label: Interest in public affairs Value Labels: 0=Not at all interested, 1=Not very interested, 2=Somewhat interested, 3=Very interested, 9=Don t know, Note : Interviewer was instructed to prompt if necessary with You know, in politics and government. Question Number: Q15 Question: When you get together with your friends or family, would you say you discuss political matters: Variable Label: Discuss politics Values: 0-2, 9, 998, -1 Value Labels: 0=Never, 1=Occasionally, 2=Frequently, 9=Don t know, Source: Adapted from Zambia96. Question Number: Q16 Question: Do you agree or disagree with the following statement: Sometimes politics and government seem so complicated that a person like me cannot really understand what is going on. Variable Label: Politics and government too complicated Value Labels: 1=Strongly agree, 2=Agree, 3=Neither agree nor disagree, 4=Disagree, 5=Strongly disagree, 9=Don t know, Note: The interviewer probed for strength of opinion. Question Number: Q17A Question: In this country, how free are you: To say what you think? Variable Label: Freedom to say what you think Value Labels: 1=Not at all free, 2=Not very free, 3=Somewhat free, 4=Completely free, 9=Don t know, Source: NDB Question Number: Q17B Question: In this country, how free are you: To join any political organization you want? Variable Label: Freedom to join any political organizations Value Labels: 1=Not at all free, 2=Not very free, 3=Somewhat free, 4=Completely free, 9=Don t know, Source: NDB Question Number: Q17C Question: In this country, how free are you: To choose who to vote for without feeling pressured? Variable Label: Freedom to choose who to vote for Value Labels: 1=Not at all free, 2=Not very free, 3=Somewhat free, 4=Completely free, 9=Don t know, Source: NDB Copyright Afrobarometer 13
Question Number: Q18 Question: Let s talk for a moment about the kind of society we would like to have in this country. Which of the following statements is closest to your view? Choose Statement 1 or Statement 2. Statement 1: Once in office, elected leaders are obliged to help their home community or group first. Statement 2: Since elected leaders should represent everyone, they should not do anything that favours their own group over others. Variable Label: Leaders help own community vs. treat all equally Value Labels: 1=Agree very strongly with Statement 1, 2=Agree with Statement 1, 3=Agree with Statement 2, 4=Agree very strongly with Statement 2, 5=Agree with neither, 9=Don t know, 998=Refused to answer, -1=Missing data Source: Afrobarometer Round2 Note: Interviewer probed for strength of opinion asking Do you agree or agree very strongly? Question Number: Q19 Question: Which of the following statements is closest to your view? Choose Statement 1or Statement 2. Statement 1: Government should be able to ban any organization that goes against its policies. Statement 2: We should be able to join any organization, whether or not the government approves of it. Variable Label: Government bans organization vs. join any Value Labels: 1=Agree very strongly with Statement 1, 2=Agree with Statement 1, 3=Agree with Statement 2, 4=Agree very strongly with Statement 2, 5=Agree with neither, 9=Don t know, 998=Refused to answer, -1=Missing data Source: Uganda00 Note: Interviewer probed for strength of opinion asking Do you agree or agree very strongly? Question Number: Q20 Question: Which of the following statements is closest to your view? Choose Statement 1 or Statement 2. Statement 1: The media should have the right to publish any views and ideas without government control. Statement 2: The government should have the right to prevent the media from publishing things that it consider harmful to society. Variable Label: Newspapers free to publish vs. government control Value Labels: 1=Agree very strongly with Statement 1, 2=Agree with Statement 1, 3=Agree with Statement 2, 4=Agree very strongly with Statement 2, 5=Agree with neither, 9=Don t know, 998=Refused to answer, -1=Missing data Source: Uganda00 Note: Interviewer probed for strength of opinion asking Do you agree or agree very strongly? Question Number: Q21 Question: Which of the following statements is closest to your view? Choose Statement 1 or Statement 2. Statement 1: The government is like a parent. It should decide which is good for us. Statement 2: The government is like our employee. We are the bosses and should tell government what to do. Variable Label: Government like a parent vs. an employee Value Labels: 1=Agree very strongly with Statement 1, 2=Agree with Statement 1, 3=Agree with Statement 2, 4=Agree very strongly with Statement 2, 5=Agree with neither, 9=Don t know, 998=Refused to answer, -1=Missing data Source: Ghana99 Note: Interviewer probed for strength of opinion asking Do you agree or agree very strongly? Question Number: Q22 Question: Which of the following statements is closest to your view? Choose Statement 1 or Statement 2. Statement 1: Men make better political leaders than women, and should be elected rather than women. Statement 2: Women should have the same chance of being elected to political office as men. Copyright Afrobarometer 14
Variable Label: Men only as leaders vs. women leaders ok Value Labels: 1=Agree very strongly with Statement 1, 2=Agree with Statement 1, 3=Agree with Statement 2, 4=Agree very strongly with Statement 2, 5=Agree with neither, 9=Don t know, 998=Refused to answer, -1=Missing data Source: Afrobarometer Round5 Note: Interviewer probed for strength of opinion asking Do you agree or agree very strongly? Question Number: Q23 Question: Which of the following statements is closest to your view? Choose Statement 1 or Statement 2. Statement 1: In our country, women should have equal rights and receive the same treatment as men do. Statement 2: Women have always been subject to traditional laws and customs, and should remain so. Variable Label: Women have equal rights vs. subject to traditional laws Value Labels: 1=Agree very strongly with Statement 1, 2=Agree with Statement 1, 3=Agree with Statement 2, 4=Agree very strongly with Statement 2, 5=Agree with neither, 9=Don t know, 998=Refused to answer, -1=Missing data Source: Afrobarometer Round5 Note: Interviewer probed for strength of opinion asking Do you agree or agree very strongly? Question Number: Q24 Question: Which of the following statements is closest to your view? Choose Statement 1 or Statement 2. Statement 1: If funds for schooling are limited, a boy should always receive an education in school before a girl. Statement 2: If funds for schooling are limited, a family should send the child with the greatest ability to learn. Variable Label: Education recipient priority: boy vs ability Value Labels: 1=Agree very strongly with Statement 1, 2=Agree with Statement 1, 3=Agree with Statement 2, 4=Agree very strongly with Statement 2, 5=Agree with neither, 9=Don t know, 998=Refused to answer, -1=Missing data Source: Afrobarometer Round5 Note: Interviewer probed for strength of opinion asking Do you agree or agree very strongly? Question Number: Q25A Question: Let s turn to your role in the community. Now I am going to read out a list of groups that people join or attend. For each one, could you tell me whether you are an official leader, an active member, an inactive member, or not a member: A religious group that meets outside of regular worship services? Variable Label: Member of religious group Value Labels: 0=Not a Member, 1=Inactive member, 2=Active member, 3=Official leader, 9=Don t know, Question Number: Q25B Question: Let s turn to your role in the community. Now I am going to read out a list of groups that people join or attend. For each one, could you tell me whether you are an official leader, an active member, an inactive member, or not a member: Some other voluntary association or community group? Variable Label: Member of voluntary association or community group Value Labels: 0=Not a member, 1=Inactive member, 2=Active member, 3=Official leader, 9=Don t know, Source: Afrobarometer Round 4 Copyright Afrobarometer 15
Question Number: Q26A Question: Here is a list of actions that people sometimes take as citizens. For each of these, please tell me whether you, personally, have done any of these things during the past year. If not, would you do this if you had the chance: Attended a community meeting? Variable Label: Attend a community meeting Values: 0-4, 9, 998, -1 Value Labels: 0=No, would never do this, 1=No, but would do if had the chance, 2=Yes, once or twice, 3=Yes, several times, 4=Yes, often, 9=Don t know, Question Number: Q26B Question: Here is a list of actions that people sometimes take as citizens. For each of these, please tell me whether you, personally, have done any of these things during the past year. If not, would you do this if you had the chance: Got together with others to raise an issue? Variable Label: Join others to raise an issue Values: 0-4, 9, 998, -1 Value Labels: 0=No, would never do this, 1=No, but would do if had the chance, 2=Yes, once or twice, 3=Yes, several times, 4=Yes, often, 9=Don t know, Question Number: Q26C Question: Here is a list of actions that people sometimes take as citizens. For each of these, please tell me whether you, personally, have done any of these things during the past year. If not, would you do this if you had the chance: Refused to pay a tax or fee to government? Variable Label: Refused to pay tax or fee to government Values: 0-4, 9, 998, -1 Value Labels: 0=No, would never do this, 1=No, but would do if had the chance, 2=Yes, once or twice, 3=Yes, several times, 4=Yes, often, 9=Don t know, Source: Afrobarometer Round5 Question Number: Q26D Question: Here is a list of actions that people sometimes take as citizens. For each of these, please tell me whether you, personally, have done any of these things during the past year. If not, would you do this if you had the chance: Attended a demonstration or protest march? Variable Label: Attend a demonstration or protest march Values: 0-4, 9, 998, -1 Value Labels: 0=No, would never do this, 1=No, but would do if had the chance, 2=Yes, once or twice, 3=Yes, several times, 4=Yes, often, 9=Don t know, Source: Zambia96 Question Number: Q26E Question: Here is a list of actions that people sometimes take as citizens. For each of these, please tell me whether you, personally, have done any of these things during the past year. If not, would you do this if you had the chance: Used force or violence for a political cause Variable Label: Used force or violence for a political cause Values: 0-4, 9, 998, -1 Value Labels: 0=No, would never do this, 1=No, but would do if had the chance, 2=Yes, once or twice, 3=Yes, several times, 4=Yes, often, 9=Don t know, Source: Afrobarometer Round5 Question Number: Q27 Question: With regard to the most recent national election in April 2011, which statement is true for you? Variable Label: Voting in the most recent national election Values: 0-9, 998, -1 Value Labels: 0=You were not registered to vote, 1=You voted in the elections, 2=You decided not to vote, 3=You could not find the polling station, 4=You were prevented from voting, 5=You did not have time to vote, 6= You did Copyright Afrobarometer 16
not vote because you could not find your name in the voters register, 7=Did not vote for some other reason, 8= You were too young to vote, 9=Don t know/can't remember, Source: Afrobarometer Round 3 Question Number: Q28 Question: On the whole, how would you rate the freeness and fairness of the last national election, held in April 2011. Was it: Variable Label: Freeness and fairness of the last national election Values: 1-4, 8, 9, 998, -1 Value Labels: 4=Completely free and fair, 3=Free and fair, but with minor problems, 2=Free and fair, with major problems, 1=Not free and fair, 8=Do not understand the question, 9=Don t know, 998=Refused to answer, - 1=Missing data Source: Afrobarometer Round 3 Question Number: Q28B_NIG Question: On the whole, how would you rate the freeness and fairness of your state s gubernatorial elections held in April 2011. Was it: Variable Label: Freeness and fairness of the last state s gubernatorial election Values: 1-4, 8, 9, 998, -1 Value Labels: 4=Completely free and fair, 3=Free and fair, but with minor problems, 2=Free and fair, with major problems, 1=Not free and fair, 8=Do not understand the question, 9=Don t know, 998=Refused to answer, - 1=Missing data Source: Nigeria Afrobarometer Round 5 Question Number: Q28C_NIG Question: On the whole, how would you rate the freeness and fairness of your state s assembly elections held in April 2011. Was it: Variable Label: Freeness and fairness of the last state s Assembly election Values: 1-4, 8, 9, 998, -1 Value Labels: 4=Completely free and fair, 3=Free and fair, but with minor problems, 2=Free and fair, with major problems, 1=Not free and fair, 8=Do not understand the question, 9=Don t know, 998=Refused to answer, - 1=Missing data Source: Nigeria Afrobarometer Round 5 Question Number: Q29A Question: Thinking about the last national election in April 2011, did you: Attend a campaign meeting or rally? Variable Label: Last national election: attend a campaign meeting or rally Values: 0, 1, 9, 998, -1 Value Labels: 0=No, 1=Yes, 9=Don t know, Question Number: Q29B Question: Thinking about the last national election in April 2011, did you: Try to persuade others to vote for a certain presidential or legislative candidate or political party? Variable Label: Last national election: persuade others to vote for a certain candidate or party Values: 0, 1, 9, 998, -1 Value Labels: 0=No, 1=Yes, 9=Don t know, Question Number: Q29C Question: Thinking about the last national election in April 2011, did you: Work for a candidate or party? Variable Label: Last national election: work for a candidate or party Values: 0, 1, 9, 998, -1 Value Labels: 0=No, 1=Yes, 9=Don t know, Copyright Afrobarometer 17
Question Number: Q30A Question: During the past year, how often have you contacted any of the following persons about some important problem or to give them your views: A local government councilor? Variable Label: Contact local government councillor Value Labels: 0=Never, 1=Only once, 2=A few times, 3=Often, 9=Don t know, 998=Refused to answer, - 1=Missing data Source: Adapted from Zambia96 Question Number: Q30B Question: During the past year, how often have you contacted any of the following persons about some important problem or to give them your views: A Member of the National Assembly? Variable Label: Contact MP Value Labels: 0=Never, 1=Only once, 2=A few times, 3=Often, 9=Don t know, 998=Refused to answer, - 1=Missing data Source: Adapted from Zambia96 Question Number: Q30C Question: During the past year, how often have you contacted any of the following persons about some important problem or to give them your views: An official of a government agency? Variable Label: Contact official of a government agency Value Labels: 0=Never, 1=Only once, 2=A few times, 3=Often, 9=Don t know, 998=Refused to answer, - 1=Missing data Source: Adapted from Zambia96 Question Number: Q30D Question: During the past year, how often have you contacted any of the following persons about some important problem or to give them your views: A political party official? Variable Label: Contact political party official Value Labels: 0=Never, 1=Only once, 2=A few times, 3=Often, 9=Don t know, 998=Refused to answer, - 1=Missing data Question Number: Q31A Question: There are many ways to govern a country. Would you disapprove or approve of the following alternatives: Only one political party is allowed to stand for election and hold office? Variable Label: Reject one-party rule Value Labels: 1=Strongly disapprove, 2=Disapprove, 3=Neither approve nor disapprove, 4=Approve, 5=Strongly approve, 9=Don t know, Source: NDB Question Number: Q31B Question: There are many ways to govern a country. Would you disapprove or approve of the following alternatives: The army comes in to govern the country? Variable Label: Reject military rule Value Labels: 1=Strongly disapprove, 2=Disapprove, 3=Neither approve nor disapprove, 4=Approve, 5=Strongly approve, 9=Don t know, Source: Adapted from NDB Copyright Afrobarometer 18
Question Number: Q31C Question: There are many ways to govern a country. Would you disapprove or approve of the following alternatives: Elections and the National Assembly are abolished so that the president can decide everything? Variable Label: Reject one-man rule Value Labels: 1=Strongly disapprove, 2=Disapprove, 3=Neither approve nor disapprove, 4=Approve, 5=Strongly approve, 9=Don t know,. Question Number: Q32 Question: Which of these three statements is closest to your own opinion? Statement 1: Democracy is preferable to any other kind of government. Statement 2: In some circumstances, a non-democratic government can be preferable. Statement 3: For someone like me, it doesn t matter what kind of government we have. Variable Label: Support for democracy Values: 1-3, 9, 998, -1 Value Labels: 1=Statement 3: Doesn t matter, 2=Statement 2: Sometimes non-democratic preferable, 3=Statement 1: Democracy preferable, 9=Don t know, Source: Latinobarometer (LB) Note: Interviewer was instructed to read the question in the language of the interview, but always read democracy in English. Translate democracy into local language only if respondent does not understand English term. Question Number: Q33 Question: Which of the following statements is closest to your view? Choose Statement 1 or Statement 2. Statement 1: It is more important to have a government that can get things done, even if we have no influence over what it does. Statement 2: It is more important for citizens to be able to hold government accountable, even if that means it makes decisions more slowly. Variable Label: Government gets things done but no citizen influence vs. government accountable to citizens Value Labels: 1=Agree very strongly with Statement 1, 2=Agree with Statement 1, 3=Agree with Statement 2, 4=Agree very strongly with Statement 2, 5=Agree with neither, 9=Don t know, 998=Refused to answer, -1=Missing data Note: Interviewer probed for strength of opinion asking Do you agree or agree very strongly? Question Number: Q34 Question: Which of the following statements is closest to your view? Choose Statement 1 or Statement 2. Statement 1: We should choose our leaders in this country through regular, open and honest elections. Statement 2: Since elections sometimes produce bad results, we should adopt other methods for choosing this country s leaders. Variable Label: Choose leaders through elections vs. other methods Value Labels: 1=Agree very strongly with Statement 1, 2=Agree with Statement 1, 3=Agree with Statement 2, 4=Agree very strongly with Statement 2, 5=Agree with neither, 9=Don t know, 998=Refused to answer, -1=Missing data Source: Afrobarometer Round 2 Note: Interviewer probed for strength of opinion asking Do you agree or agree very strongly? Question Number: Q35 Question: Which of the following statements is closest to your view? Choose Statement 1 or Statement 2. Statement 1: Political parties create division and confusion; it is therefore unnecessary to have many political parties in Nigeria. Statement 2: Many political parties are needed to make sure that Nigerians have real choices in who governs them. Copyright Afrobarometer 19
Variable Label: Political parties divisive vs. many parties needed Value Labels: 1=Agree very strongly with Statement 1, 2=Agree with Statement 1, 3=Agree with Statement 2, 4=Agree very strongly with Statement 2, 5=Agree with neither, 9=Don t know, 998=Refused to answer, -1=Missing data Source: Afrobarometer Round 2 Note: Interviewer probed for strength of opinion asking Do you agree or agree very strongly? Question Number: Q36 Question: Which of the following statements is closest to your view? Choose Statement 1 or Statement 2 Statement 1: The National Assembly should ensure that the President explains to it on a regular basis how his government spends taxpayers money. Statement 2: The President should be able to devote his full attention to developing the country rather than wasting time justifying his actions. Variable Label: President monitored by parliament vs. free to act on own Value Labels: 1=Agree very strongly with Statement 1, 2=Agree with Statement 1, 3=Agree with Statement 2, 4=Agree very strongly with Statement 2, 5=Agree with neither, 9=Don t know, 998=Refused to answer, -1=Missing data Source: Afrobarometer Round 4 Note: Interviewer probed for strength of opinion asking Do you agree or agree very strongly? Question Number: Q37 Question: Which of the following statements is closest to your view? Choose Statement 1 or Statement 2 Statement 1: Opposition parties should regularly examine and criticize government policies and actions. Statement 2: Opposition parties should concentrate on cooperating with government and helping it develop the country. Variable Label: Opposition parties examine government vs. cooperate Value Labels: 1=Agree very strongly with Statement 1, 2=Agree with Statement 1, 3=Agree with Statement 2, 4=Agree very strongly with Statement 2, 5=Agree with neither, 9=Don t know, 998=Refused to answer, -1=Missing data Source: Afrobarometer Round 4 Note: Interviewer probed for strength of opinion asking Do you agree or agree very strongly? Question Number: Q38 Question: Which of the following statements is closest to your view? Choose Statement 1 or Statement 2 Statement 1: The news media should constantly investigate and report on government mistakes and corruption. Statement 2: Too much reporting on negative events, like government mistakes and corruption, only harms the country. Variable Label: Media checks government vs. avoid negative reporting Value Labels: 1=Agree very strongly with Statement 1, 2=Agree with Statement 1, 3=Agree with Statement 2, 4=Agree very strongly with Statement 2, 5=Agree with neither, 9=Don t know, 998=Refused to answer, -1=Missing data Source: Afrobarometer Round 4 Note: Interviewer probed for strength of opinion asking Do you agree or agree very strongly? Question Number: Q39 Question: Which of the following statements is closest to your view? Choose Statement 1 or Statement 2. Statement 1: Members of the National Assembly represent the people; therefore they should make laws for this country, even if the President does not agree. Statement 2: Since the President represents all of us, he should pass laws without worrying about what the National Assembly thinks. Copyright Afrobarometer 20
Variable Label: Parliament makes laws vs. president does Value Labels: 1=Agree very strongly with Statement 1, 2=Agree with Statement 1, 3=Agree with Statement 2, 4=Agree very strongly with Statement 2, 5=Agree with neither, 9=Don t know, 998=Refused to answer, -1=Missing data Source: Afrobarometer Round 2 Note: Interviewer probed for strength of opinion asking Do you agree or agree very strongly? Question Number: Q40 Question: Which of the following statements is closest to your view? Choose Statement 1 or Statement 2. Statement 1: Since the President was elected to lead the country, he should not be bound by laws or court decisions that he thinks are wrong. Statement 2: The President must always obey the laws and the courts, even if he thinks they are wrong. Variable Label: President free to act vs. obey the laws and courts Value Labels: 1=Agree very strongly with Statement 1, 2=Agree with Statement 1, 3=Agree with Statement 2, 4=Agree very strongly with Statement 2, 5=Agree with neither, 9=Don t know, 998=Refused to answer, -1=Missing data Note: Interviewer probed for strength of opinion asking Do you agree or agree very strongly? Question Number: Q41 Question: Which of the following statements is closest to your view? Choose Statement 1 or Statement 2 Statement 1: The Constitution should limit the president to serving a maximum of two terms in office. Statement 2: There should be no constitutional limit on how long the president can serve. Variable Label: Presidential two term limit vs. no term limits Value Labels: 1=Agree very strongly with Statement 1, 2=Agree with Statement 1, 3=Agree with Statement 2, 4=Agree very strongly with Statement 2, 5=Agree with neither, 9=Don t know, 998=Refused to answer, -1=Missing data Source: Afrobarometer Round 4 Note: Interviewer probed for strength of opinion asking Do you agree or agree very strongly? Question Number: Q42 Question: In your opinion how much of a democracy is Nigeria today? Variable Label: Extent of democracy Values: 1-4, 8, 9, 998, -1 Value Labels: 1=Not a democracy, 2=A democracy, with major problems, 3=A democracy, but with minor problems, 4=A full democracy, 8=Do not understand question/ do not understand what democracy is, 9=Don t know, Source: Ghana 97 Note: Interviewer was instructed to read the question in the language of the interview, but always read democracy in English. Translate democracy into local language only if respondent does not understand English term. Question Number: Q43 Question: Overall, how satisfied are you with the way democracy works in Nigeria? Are you: Variable Label: Satisfaction with democracy Values: 0-4, 9, 998, -1 Value Labels: 0=Nigeria is not a democracy, 1=Not at all satisfied, 2=Not very satisfied, 3=Fairly satisfied, 4=Very satisfied, 9=Don t know, Source: Eurobarometer Note: Interviewer was instructed to Read the question in the language of the interview, but always read democracy in English Translate democracy into local language only if respondent does not understand English term. Copyright Afrobarometer 21