Notes: Great Depression Pt.2-- FDR and the New Deal
LG: Explain FDR s New Deal and judge whether it was effective or not.
What one word describes the feeling you get when see these pictures?
1. Early Years of F. Roosevelt Born to a wealthy family in New York. - Family Core Values: - Simplicity -Honesty - Hard Work - Compassion for the poor. - Obligation to serve the public. Offices before Presidency: - Practiced law. - Secretary of the Navy. - N.Y. state senator. - 2 Term Governor of N.Y. A. Political Philosophy: - Based on family s core values, especially in labor & public assistance.
Roosevelt residence in Hyde Park, N.Y.
B. 1921-1928: Struck with polio. i Paralyzed from waist below. ii. Gave lively political speeches from bed. iii. Popularity grew; will to survive.
2. Election of 1932 A. Hoover i. Known for do-nothing attitude; believed in rugged individualism. B. Democrat: Franklin D. Roosevelt It is common sense to take a method and try it. If it fails, admit it frankly and try another. But above all, try something. i. Can-do attitude. ii. Huge supporter of direct relief as NY Governor. - Public works programs. - Old-age pensions. - Unemployment insurance. - Direct relief for poor.
3. Roosevelt Becomes President ***During the 4 months before FDR took office in March 1933! Economy worsened! A. FDR worked with his brain-trust to formulate policies to implement ASAP. i. Selected advisors with differing views. ii. Devised the New Deal.
a new deal for the American people.
B. New Deal: i. Policies designed to alleviate problems of the Great Depression. ii. The 3 R s : a. Financial Reform. b. Relief for the needy. c. Economic Recovery.
C. The 1st Hundred Days: Mar. 9 to June 16 1933 ***Congress passed 15 major pieces of ND legislation. i. Following 15 laws greatly expanded national govt. s role in the economy. ii. 1st priority: Financial Reform. - Bank holiday, closed all banks to stop further withdrawals. - Passes the Emergency Banking Relief Act: > Bank inspections.
D. Used many radio fireside chats: i. Explained the simple idea of what he was doing to his friends. *** 60 million listened to first fireside chat! *** 30 during his presidency 1933-1944!
Audio Clip of FDR s 1 st Fireside Chat http://www.americanrhetoric.com/speeches/fdrfirstfiresidechat.html
4. New Deal Programs A. The banking crisis is now halted. B. 2 nd Priority: Relief for the needy. i. Alphabet Agencies - Govt. funded programs aimed at helping the poor and fixing the economy.
It is common sense to take a method and try it. If it fails, admit it and try another.
5. New Deal Coalition A.NDC: An alignment of diverse groups dedicated to supporting the Democratic Party and FDR. i. Southern Whites, various urban groups, Blacks/A.A. s, religious groups, women and unionized industrial workers. B. Election of 1936: - NDC (millions) owed their jobs to FDR. - 1 st time A.A. s switch to Democratic party. - FDR wins HUGE.
***On Election Day, FDR won by one of the largest landslides in American History. *** FDR won over 60 percent of the popular vote. FDR v.s. Kansas Gov. Alfred Landon
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6. Opposition to the New Deal A. Deficit Spending: FDR spends more than the country was taking in; leads to debt ($35 Bil.) and inflation. i. Why?! To prime the pump of the economy. ii. FDR ends the Gold Standard ($ = No Backing). - So govt. can print and spend MORE.
B. 1937: Congress concerned about budget. i. FDR stops spending; Roosevelt Recession starts. C. 1938: No end of Depression in sight. i. FDR continues to $pend.
D. Supreme Court Opposition i. S.C. rules several ND programs as unconstitutional. - Infringed upon state rights/control. ii. FDR s Court Packing Plan - Feared the S.C. would do this to more. - Needed to balance the court in his favor. -S.C. backs down, FDR gets his way. - 1 st major political mistake. ***People thought the President would gain too much power and he challenged the independence of the Supreme Court; S.o.P. ***How it Worked - Nine Old Men are over burdened with work! - If any justice served for 10 years and did not retire within 6 months after reaching the age of 70, the president could appoint an additional justice to the court. - Applied to 6 out of 9, thus could have 15 justices!!!!11111 - What do you think of this plan? And FDR?
D. Supreme Court Opposition i. S.C. rules several ND programs as unconstitutional. - Infringed upon state rights/control. ii. FDR s Court Packing Plan - Feared the S.C. would do this to more. - Needed to balance the court in his favor. -S.C. backs down, FDR gets his way. - 1 st major political mistake. ***People thought the President would gain too much power and he challenged the independence of the Supreme Court; S.o.P.
The Nine old men - Franklin Roosevelt
E. From the Left and Right
E. From the Left and Right i. Left/Liberals/American Liberty League - ND did not go far enough; take more from the rich (by force?)! ii. Right/Conservatives - President and national govt. gaining TOO MUCH power; no state powers or Constitution.
Huey Long God, don t let me die. I have so much to do.
7. Was the New Deal Effective?
A. Point Counterpoint Chart Pg. 516 Pro-New Deal List 3 of the main points they make for why the New Deal worked. Anti-New Deal List 3 of the main points they make for why the New Deal didn t work. Your Response to which side you agree with more and WHY. (2-3 sentences)
8. End of the Great Depression a. Dec. 7 th, 1941 i. Japan attacks the US at Pearl Harbor, drags us into WWII. ii. The US must produce for war. - Industry and men to fight.