Profile of Migration and Remittances: Bulgaria June 2012 This profile of migration and in Bulgaria, as well as similar profiles for EU 10 and Western Balkan countries, attempts to provide consistent and reliable estimates of migration and. The profile also provides information on regulations on migration and. The goal of this profile is to promote improvement in data collection, monitoring of migration and remittance trends, as well as to inform policy makers and other stakeholders working on migration and. This profile will be updated annually using all available national and international sources. This country profile covers the following areas: (1) Migration stocks and flows (2) Remittances flows and channels (3) Regulations pertaining to migration and 1
(1) Migration stocks and flows Emigrant Stocks Table 1: Number of emigrants in 2010 (thousands) Destination Emigrant stock CIS Moldova 42.9 EU France 16.5 Germany 74.7 Greece 54.0 Italy 43.5 Spain 173.3 Turkey 538.7 United Kingdom 35.4 Other Canada 18.6 United States 33.6 Other countries 97.6 Total 1,201.2 Note: Data is for foreign born population in the destination country. Foreign nationality data is used where this data is not available. Source: Migration and Remittances Factbook 2011 Table 2: Stock of Bulgarian emigrants by destination and by educational attainment, 2000 (persons) Destination Low Medium High Total America 1,300 6,916 23,387 31,604 Europe (including EU15) 30,797 26,256 24,028 81,081 EU15 28,267 21,676 20,058 70,001 Asia and Oceania 212,786 109,636 28,457 350,879 Note: Low primary or 0 8 years of education; Medium secondary or 9 12 years of education; High tertiary or 13 years or more of education. This data is for migrants of age 25+ in most cases. Source: Docquier, Frédéric and Abdeslam Marfouk, International Migration by Educational Attainment Release 1.1. March 2005. Table 3: Emigration of Physicians, stocks Year Number of physician emigrants Number of physicians in Bulgaria Medical Brain Drain 1991 443 25,717 1.7% 1992 475 27,038 1.7% 2
1993 509 28,456 1.8% 1994 525 28,066 1.8% 1995 571 29,048 1.9% 1996 593 29,568 2.0% 1997 643 28,655 2.2% 1998 704 28,477 2.4% 1999 754 28,420 2.6% 2000 814 27,395 2.9% 2001 873 26,771 3.2% 2002 938 26,632 3.4% 2003 1,034 26,477 3.8% 2004 1,091 26,477 4.0% Source: Bhargava, Alok, Frédéric Docquier and Yasser Moullan. Revised panel data set on physician emigration (1991 2004). February 2010. Immigrant Stocks Table 4: Immigrant stock in 2010 (foreign nationals, thousands) Emigrant Destination stock EU Turkey 98.1 Other Other countries 9.1 Total 107.2 Source: Migration and Remittances Factbook 2011 Table 5: Immigrant stock in 1999 by gender and age group (foreign born, thousands) Age Group Male Female Total 00 00 75 68 143 01 04 348 339 687 05 09 692 557 1,249 10 14 866 774 1,64 15 19 1,362 1,277 2,639 20 24 2,621 2,168 4,789 25 29 1,476 1,562 3,038 30 34 1,403 1,622 3,025 35 39 1,613 2,127 3,74 40 44 1,344 2,683 4,027 45 49 801 2,475 3,276 50 54 584 1,638 2,222 55 59 486 870 1,356 60 64 1,045 2,04 3,085 3
65 69 1,163 1,597 2,76 70 74 1,119 1,49 2,609 75 79 836 1,129 1,965 80+ 599 977 1,576 Total 18,433 25,393 43,826 Source: Bulgaria Census 2001 via UN Global Migration Database. Migration flows Table 6: Flows of international migrants, persons Immigrants Emigrants Age group 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 Under 6 137 189 288 347 444 341 243 1,460 1,496 621 7 9 39 37 48 54 110 106 66 435 394 71 10 19 60 51 100 93 183 190 111 882 955 195 15 19 102 60 207 127 280 216 143 1,211 1,324 302 20 24 94 89 400 128 426 340 239 1,670 1,768 888 25 29 120 121 383 246 477 584 422 2,963 3,406 1,516 30 34 168 136 337 357 516 479 384 2,988 4,523 1,530 35 39 156 112 325 386 450 291 197 2,198 3,493 1,175 40 44 108 109 228 327 376 132 95 1,574 2,891 1,021 45 49 111 84 226 312 318 105 64 1,303 2,464 688 50 54 102 70 177 313 294 80 41 1,025 1,956 546 55 59 99 62 176 266 290 25 26 664 1,362 414 60 64 91 46 138 227 231 11 15 321 825 246 65 69 97 35 113 158 169 3 13 141 410 135 70 74 46 19 81 92 92 17 12 69 204 53 75 79 20 9 38 59 32 13 19 75 139 52 80 + 11 7 45 26 34 25 22 60 98 64 Total 1,561 1,236 3,310 3,518 4,722 2,958 2,112 19,039 27,708 9,517 Source:Bulgaria Census 2011 Refugee population Table 7: Refugees, asylum seekers, internally displaced persons 4 Country of asylum: Bulgaria Country of origin: Bulgaria Refugees 5,688 2,327 People in refugee like situations Total refugees and people in refugee like situations 5,688 2,327 Asylum seekers (pending cases) 1,384 177 Returned refugees IDPs protected/ assisted by UNHCR, incl. people in
IDP like situations Returned IDPs Stateless persons Various Total population of concern 7,072 2,504 Source: UNHCR 2011 Global Trends (2) Remittance flows and channels Remittance flows Table 8: Quarterly remittance flows (BPM5 Framework)* Inflows (US $, millions) Outflows Workers' Compensation of employees Migrants' transfers Migrant Workers' Compensation of employees Migrants' transfers Migrant 2008 Q1 223.4 187.7 0.0 411.1 6.9 13.4 0.0 20.3 2008 Q2 292.7 293.0 0.0 585.7 6.8 17.1 0.0 23.9 2008 Q3 294.4 240.2 0.0 534.7 11.7 64.2 0.0 75.9 2008 Q4 214.2 173.0 0.0 387.2 7.9 33.8 0.0 41.7 2009 Q1 229.8 114.2 0.0 344.0 4.4 25.0 0.0 29.4 2009 Q2 270.7 187.7 0.0 458.5 3.9 34.5 0.0 38.4 2009 Q3 255.7 158.7 0.0 414.4 2.6 23.1 0.0 25.8 2009 Q4 242.7 132.3 0.0 374.9 2.9 4.9 0.0 7.7 2010 Q1 243.9 77.6 0.0 321.5 2.9 4.5 0.0 7.4 2010 Q2 252.4 119.1 0.0 371.4 1.9 4.3 0.0 6.3 2010 Q3 231.0 104.2 0.0 335.2 2.1 3.2 0.0 5.3 2010 Q4 223.4 81.4 0.0 304.8 2.3 3.4 0.0 5.7 2011 Q1 259.1 77.9 0.0 337.0 2.1 4.7 0.0 6.8 2011 Q2 306.3 134.4 0.0 440.8 2.6 4.6 0.0 7.2 2011 Q3 271.0 114.7 0.0 385.6 2.1 2.9 0.0 5.0 2011 Q4 238.0 81.8 0.0 319.8 2.5 5.0 0.0 7.5 Source: IMF Balance of Payments Database * BPM5: The sixth edition of the Balance of Payments and International Investment Position Manual (BPM6, the Manual) published in 1993 serves as the standard framework for statistics on the transactions and positions between an economy and the rest of the world. Table 9: Annual remittance flows (BPM5 Framework)* Inflows (US $, millions) Outflows 5
Workers' Compensation of employees Migrants' transfers Migrant Workers' Compensation of employees Migrants' transfers Migrant 2000 0.0 58.2 0.0 58.2 0.0 26.0 0.0 26.0 2001 402.1 424.1 0.0 826.2 0.0 27.0 0.0 27.0 2002 499.8 677.2 0.0 1,177.0 0.0 14.5 0.0 14.5 2003 681.2 1,037.2 0.0 1,718.5 0.0 12.6 0.0 12.6 2004 436.3 1,286.5 0.0 1,722.8 18.3 11.1 0.0 29.4 2005 462.0 1,151.0 0.0 1,612.9 21.6 13.8 0.0 35.5 2006 419.7 1,296.8 0.0 1,716.4 21.0 28.6 0.0 49.6 2007 905.4 788.2 0.0 1,693.6 33.4 69.2 0.0 102.6 2008 1,024.7 893.9 0.0 1,918.7 33.4 128.4 0.0 161.8 2009 998.9 592.9 0.0 1,591.8 13.7 87.5 0.0 101.3 2010 950.7 382.3 0.0 1,333.0 9.2 15.4 0.0 24.6 2011 1,074.4 408.8 0.0 1,483.2 9.3 17.2 0.0 26.5 Source: IMF Balance of Payments Database * BPM5: The sixth edition of the Balance of Payments and International Investment Position Manual (BPM6, the Manual) published in 1993 serves as the standard framework for statistics on the transactions and positions between an economy and the rest of the world. Table 10: Annual remittance flows (BPM6 Framework)* Inflows Outflows Compensation of employees Personal transfers o.w. Workers Personal Total Total and transfers Note: This section is currently blank but will be filled when BPM6 is implemented in Bulgaria * BPM6: The sixth edition of the Balance of Payments and International Investment Position Manual (BPM6, the Manual) published in 2007 serves as the standard framework for statistics on the transactions and positions between an economy and the rest of the world. Channels of flows providers Information flows through commercial banks, post offices, savings cooperatives, microfinance institutions, mobile money transfers is currently unavailable. Remittance costs Table 11: Cost of sending to Bulgaria from Spain (percent) from United Kingdom (percent) Amount Amount sent=> $200 $500 sent=> $200 $500 6
2008 7.88 5.16 Q1 2009 11.71 7.62 Q1 2009 9 4.56 Q3 2009 9.57 7.04 Q3 2009 9.65 6.78 Q1 2010 8.18 5.32 Q1 2010 8.21 6.03 Q3 2010 10.01 6.28 Q3 2010 8.95 6.96 Q1 2011 9.52 5.78 Q1 2011 9.04 6.86 Q3 2011 9.72 6.01 Q3 2011 7.11 4.31 Q1 2012 9.77 5.87 Q1 2012 9.08 6.04 Source: World Bank Remittance Price Database (3) Regulations pertaining to migration and Table 12: Regulations pertaining to migration Immigration topic Regulation Institutions responsible for immigration Migration Directorate within the Ministry of Interior, State Agency for Refugees Immigration regulations and laws Immigration quotas by nationality of origin Types of visas available for immigrants Policy framework for migration management, European Community law in the field of free movement of workers etc. Types of occupations in which immigrants are allowed Emigration topic Institutions responsible for emigration Restrictions on emigration Cost of passports and visas yes 7
Dual citizenship Table 13: Regulations pertaining to Remittances topic Regulation Institutions responsible for monitoring and National Bank of Bulgaria, http://www.bnb.bg/ regulating Types of private sector firms allowed to perform inward and outward remittance transactions Money transfer firms (Western Union, MoneyGram, etc) Reporting requirement for data Reporting requirements exist but are different by type of by commercial banks and other types of provider. remittance service providers Restrictions on inward/outward transfers No restrictions Anti money laundering and combating the financing of terrorism (AML CFT) requirements Law on the Measures against Money Laundering, f 24 July 1998 8