Kultuur ja sport. Culture and Sports

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Kultuur ja sport Culture and Sports IMEPÄRANE EESTI MUUSIKA Millist imepärast mõju avaldab soome-ugri keelkond selle kõnelejate muusikaandele? Selles väikeses perekonnas on märkimisväärseid saavutusi juba ungarlastel ja soomlastel. Ka mikroskoopilise Eesti muusikaline produktiivsus on lausa harukordne. Erkki-Sven Tüür on vaid üks neist Tallinnast tulevatest häältest, kellest kõige kuulsamaks võib pidada Arvo Pärti. Dirigent, kes Tüüri plaadil "Exodus" juhatab Birminghami sümfooniaorkestrit, on nende kaasmaalane Paavo Järvi, keda peetakse üheks paljulubavamaks dirigendiks. (Libération, 17.10) "Meist räägitakse tavaliselt, et oleme rahulik ja külm rahvas. See ei vasta tõele. Meis põleb teistsugune tuli," ütles Bremeni Kammerfilharmoonia uus dirigent Paavo Järvi. Tõepoolest, Paavo Järvi võlus publikut ettevaatlike käeliigutuste, silmapilgutusterohke miimika ja hiljem temaga vesteldes avaldunud kuiva huumoriga. Beethoveni 4. sümfoonia esitamise ajal oli hästi tunda, millise jõuga põles eesti tuli. (Die Welt, 8.10) Ei ole midagi nii virgutavat kui ehmatus hilinenult geeniust avastades: kus on Veljo Tormis olnud kogu mu elu, miks ei ole keegi mind teavitanud tema olemasolust? AMAZING ESTONIAN MUSIC What marvellous influence does the Finno-Ugric language family have on the musical talent of their speakers? In this small family, Hungarians and Finns have already made significant achievements. Also the microscopic Estonia stuns with its musical productivity. Erkki-Sven Tüür is only one of those voices coming from Tallinn, the most famous of whom is regarded to be Arvo Pärt. The conductor of the Birmingham symphony orchestra who performed on Tüür's record "Exodus" is his compatriot Paavo Järvi, regarded as one of the most promising conductors. (Libération, 17.10) "People often talk about us as being calm and cold. This is not so. There is just a different kind of fire burning in us," decleares Paavo Järvi, the new conductor of the Bremen Chamber Philharmonic. Indeed, Paavo Järvi charmed the audience with careful hand gestures, mimic sprinkled with winks and with a dry sense of humour, which became apparent in a later conversation with him. During the Beethoven's 4th Symphony one could really feel the power of the Estonian fire. (Die Welt, 8.10) There is nothing as refreshing as the shock of an over due discovery of a genius: where has Veljo Tormis been all my life, why has nobody let me know of his existence? 60

2003 KULTUUR JA SPORT CULTURE AND SPORTS VELJO TORMIS TÕNU KALJUSTE JA ARVO PÄRT Heliteosed "Raua needmine" ja "Pikse litaania" on kõige veetlevamate ja emotsionaalselt läbiraputavamate teoste hulgas, millega olen kunagi kokku puutunud. Dirigent Tõnu Kaljuste sõnas kahe suurima kaasaegse eesti soost helilooja kohta: "Kui Arvo Pärdi looming on taevas, siis Veljo Tormise muusika on maa." See müstiline, poeetiline muusika liigutab sügavamalt, kui sõnad suudaksid kirjeldada. (FT, 29.08) Arvo Pärdi muusika ilmumine 80ndate keskel oli jalustrabav. Tundus, nagu oleks keegi jalutanud kummalisse, paralleelsesse muusikalisse universumisse, ning tundus, et see keegi pole otseselt seotud kaasaegsete lääne muusika eeskujudega. "Tabula Rasa" on väga eriline heliplaat, sügavalt hingeline muusika. (The Independent, 20.08) Eesti Vabariigi 85. aastapäeva puhul esitati Riias Suure Gildi laval väljapaistvate kaasaegsete Eesti heliloojate teoseid. Kontserdi programmis kõlasid Erkki-Sven Tüüri, Heino Elleri, Arvo Pärdi ja Eino Tambergi heliteosed. Kõige tähelepanuväärsemaks osutus aga maailmakuulsa Eesti rahvusliku uhkuse ning lihtsalt suurepärase inimese Arvo Pärdi külaskäik. Riia publikule langes osaks suur au kuulda Pärdi mõningaid teoseid, mida esitatakse valitud seltskonnale, näiteks Monaco printsessi Caroline'i palvel loodud "Cantique de degre's", mis on pühendatud prints Rainier III 50ndale valitsusaastale. (Vesti Segodnja, 22.02) The pieces "Damnation of the Iron" and "The Litany of the Lightening" belong to the group of the most amiable and emotionally shaking works of music that I have ever come in contact with. The conductor Tõnu Kaljuste's comment on the two major contemporary Estonian composers: "If Arvo Pärt's music is heaven, then Veljo Tormis' music is the earth." This mystical, poetic music moves me deeper than words can express. (FT, 29.08) The appearance of Arvo Pärt's music in the 1980s left everyone speechless. It seemed as if someone had walked into a strange parallel musical universe and it felt as if this somebody had nothing to do with any of the contemporary examples of Western music. "Tabula Rasa" is a very special recording, a deeply spiritual music. (The Independent, 20.08) Works of the most outsanding contemporary Estonian composers were performed on the stage of the Great Guild of Riga at the celebration of the 85th Anniversary of the Republic of Estonia. The program consisted of works by Erkki-Sven Tüür, Heino Eller, Arvo Pärt and Eino Tamberg. The most remarkable was, however, the visit of world famous Arvo Pärt, the pride of the Estonian nation and who is simply a wonderful person. The Riga audience had the honour of hearing some works by Pärt that are performed only for a chosen few, such as "Cantique de degre's", written at the request of Monaco's Princess Caroline, which is dedicated to the 50th Anniversary of the reign of Prince Rainier III. (Vesti Segodnja, 22.02) 61

Kiidusõnu käsitsi valmistatud kodumaiste Estonia klaverite kohta ütlevad dirigent Neeme Järvi ja pianist Indrek Laul. Miks pole maailmamainega muusikud, nagu vene päritolu tippviiuldaja Dmitri Sitkovetski, endale soetanud ei Stainwayd, Bechsteini ega Bösendorferit, vaid Estonia? Muusikute sõnul ei peitu Estonia väärtus mitte ainult klaveri unikaalses mahlakas ja romantilises toonis, vaid ka erakordselt heas hinnas. Tänu kasvavale tuntusele liigub Eesti klaveritoodang viimastel aastatel jõudsalt ülesmäge. (Forbes, 1.09) Eesti Filharmoonia Kammerkoor Paul Hillieri juhatusel andis Eesti Vabariigi 85. juubeli puhul piduliku kontserdi Taani Kuninglikus Raamatukogus. Koori iseloomustades peab esile tooma nii põhjatult sügavaid basse kui ka taevakõrgeid soprane. Kuulajaid üllatas veidi ehk kontserdi kava, ent üldmulje oli ülimalt meeldiv. Esitati Pärdi, Kreegi, Tormise ja viie põhjamaise autori loomingut. (Berlingske Tidende, 26.02) Kui keegi teeks dirigent Eri Klasi elust filmi, siis selle kõige pöörasemaid pöördeid peetaks ilmselt stsenaristi fiktsiooniks. Klasi möödunud aastal Soomes ilmunud memuaaridest saaks materjali mitmeks erinevaks filmiks: nii suhtedraamaks, põnevusfilmiks, tragöödiaks, komöödiaks kui ka farsiks. Klas võiks praegu Eesti president olla, kui ta oleks nõustunud kandideerima. "Eri Estraadeilla" on kirjutatud memuaariraamatu kohta hämmastavalt ladusas stiilis, Klas on hea meenutaja. Jutustaja hääles pole ei kibedust ega viha ka siis, kui selleks põhjust võiks olla. (TS, 29.01) TULEVIK ON JUBA ALANUD! Eesti on alustanud tähelepanuväärset projekti, et luua rahvuslikku või ehk ka väljapoole Eesti piire ulatuvat geenipanka, mis aitaks mõista levinud haigusi, nagu vähk ja parkinsoni tõbi. Sellest väiksest Balti riigist on saamas kogu mandri sotsiaalne laboratoorium, vastuste otsimise paik ühele 21. sajandil enim eetilisi küsimusi tõstatavale teemale. ERKKI-SVEN TÜÜR Both the conductor Neeme Järvi and the pianist Indrek Laul praise the handmade Estonia pianos. Why have world famous musicians, such as Dmitri Sitkovetski, a top Russian violinist, not acquired a Stainway, Bechstein or Bösendorferit, but rather an Estonia? According to musicians the value of an Estonia lies not only in its uniquely rich and romantic tone, but also in its extraordinarily favourable price. Thanks to growing renown, the production of Estonian pianos continues to grow exponentially. (Forbes, 1.09) On the occasion of the 85th Anniversary of the Republic of Estonia, the Estonian Philharmonic Chamber Choir, conducted by Paul Hillier gave a festive concert in the Danish Royal Library. When characterizing the choir one has to acknowledge both abysmally deep basses and heavenly high sopranos. The program may have been slightly surprising for the audience, but the general impression was very good. The programme consisted of works by Pärt, Kreek, Tormis and five Nordic composers. (Berlingske Tidende, 26.02) If someone would make a film about the life of conductor Eri Klas, the most stupefying turningpoints would be taken as creative additions of the scriptwriter. The memoirs of Klas published last year in Finland would offer sufficient material for several films: a relationship drama, a thriller, a drama, a comedy or even a farce. Klas could have been the President of Estonia if he had agreed to run for the office. "Eri Estraadeilla" ("Eri on Stages") is 62

2003 KULTUUR JA SPORT CULTURE AND SPORTS Geenivaramu projekti juhid kinnitavad, et eesmärk ei ole luua eesti ülirassi. Ka on varamu andmed hästi kaitstud kindlustuste, tööandjate, kohtu, politsei ja pankade eest. Tavaeestlase jaoks on geenivaramul suur tähtsus. Näiteks on teada, et meeste keskmine eluiga on eeldatavalt 72 aastat ning et enesetappude arv on Eestis väga kõrge. Üks geenivaramu projekti eesmärk ongi koguda informatsiooni kliinilise depressiooni keerulise geneetika kohta. (The Times, 28.08) Eestis on ligipääs internetile kodanike põhiseaduslik õigus. "Tulevikus loodame luua lünkadeta üleriigilise internetipunktide võrgu, nõnda et igaüks pääseks jalgrattaga lähimasse punkti," lausus Linnar Viik. Ka biotehnoloogias on Eesti muutumas superriigiks. Tulevik on Eestis juba alanud! (FTD, 5.11) Suurbritannia analüüsiettevõtte Point-Topic uuringu tulemustel on Eesti interneti püsiühenduste (ADSL) arvult Kesk- ja Ida-Euroopa riikide seas esikohal. 100 elaniku kohta on Eestis keskmiselt 2,24 ADSL-liini. Selle näitajaga edastab Eesti ka selliseid tehnoloogiliselt arenenud riike nagu Holland, Itaalia ja Suurbritannia. DSL-liinide osakaal on Eestis riigi kõikidest telefoniliinidest 6% selle näitajaga läheneb Eesti maailma 10 juhtivale riigile. (Compulenta.ru, 3.04) Ühe hollandi ärimehe sõnul jäi tal Eestist mulje, et siin on tööstusrevolutsioon vahele jäänud ning riik on jõudnud otse infotehnoloogilisse ajajärku. Siinkohal tuleks lisada, et pool Nokia telefonidest valmistatakse Eestis ning kahel eestlasel kolmest on taskutelefon. Kõige tipuks võib mobiiltelefoni kasutada poes maksmisel ja parkimise eest tasumisel. (Le Monde, 20.05) Portugali presidendile avaldas sügavat muljet vabariigi valitsuse istungiteruum, kus polnud ühtegi paberit ja oli üle mindud täielikult arvutisüsteemile, nn e-valitsusele, mida Eesti GEENITEHNOLOOGIA - EESTI PANUS TULEVIKKU GENE TECHNOLOGY - ESTONIA'S CONTRIBUTION FOR THE FUTURE written in a surprisingly fluently style for a memoir Klas is a good storyteller. His voice betrays neither bitterness nor anger even when there would be good reason for it. (TS, 29.01) THE FUTURE IS NOW! Estonia has launched a remarkable project to create a national or perhaps even an international genome bank that would help understand widespread diseases such as cancer and Parkinson disease. This tiny Baltic country is becoming a social laboratory for the whole continent; a place looking for answers to one of the most ethical and perplexing issues of the 21st century. The leaders of the genome project assure that their aim is not to create an Estonian super-race. Also the project's data is well kept from insurance companies, employers, courts, police and from banks. The genome project has a great importance for the regular Estonian. It is known, for example, that the 63

average life expectancy of an Estonian male is 72 years and that the suicide rate is very high. One of the objects of the genome project is to gather information about the complicated genetics of clinic depression. (The Times, 28.08) In Estonia, access to the Internet is the constitutional right of a citizen. "In the future we expect to form a gapless national network of Internet access sites so that anyone can reach the closest site by bicycle," commented Linnar Viik. Estonia is also becoming a biotechnology super power. In Estonia, the future is now! (FTD, 5.11) PEAMINISTRI KASS E-VALITSUSE HIIREPÜÜDJA THE PRIME MINISTER'S CAT E-GOVERNMENT'S MOUSE CATCHER peaminister Juhan Parts portugali ajakirjanike sõnul silmanähtava uhkusega demonstreeris. Samuti avaldas muljet plaan kasutada tulevikus elektroonilist süsteemi ka valimistel. (Público, Diàrio de Notícias, 12.05) Eestis viidi läbi maailma ambitsioonikaim elektroonilise valitsuse eksperiment. Iganädalasele kabinetinõupidamisele tulles istuvad Eesti ministrid lameekraaniliste arvutite taha, tõmbavad hiiglasliku laua alt välja traadita klaviatuurid, sisestavad oma elektroonilise kasutajatunnuse ja vaatavad läbi seadusandliku päevakorra. Kui kõik 15 ministrit on seaduseelnõu poolt, kinnitatakse see hiireklõpsuga ning saadetakse kohe internetti. Seadusandjad võivad istungist osa võtta ka füüsiliselt kohal viibimata. Selleks avavad nad lihtsalt oma laptopi, sisestavad kasutajatunnuse ning hääletavad on-line. Paberita kabinetiistungid hoiavad kokku nii raha kui ka aega. Eesti valitsus on äärmiselt uhke oma katse üle tuua demokraatia digitaalsesse ajajärku. (The Washington Times, 9.09) Kaheteistkümne aastaga on Eestist saanud üks maailma juhtivaid internetimaid: paljudel tavapärastel toit-bensiin-majutus teetähistel on märgitud ka lähim internetipunkt ning traadiga või traadita internetiühendusega hotellid on muutunud igapäevaseks. (NYT, 17.08) Estonia has the highest number of broadband (ADSL) Internet connections among the Eastern and Central European countries according to a survey by the British analysis company Point- Topic. Estonia has about 2.24 Digital Subscription Lines (DSL) per 100 people. This indicator is higher than in such technologically advanced countries as the Netherlands, Italy and Great Britain. The proportion of DSL-lines among all Estonian phone lines is 6% and this indicator is close to the world top ten. (Compulenta.ru, 3.04) One Dutch businessman commented that Estonia seemed to have skipped the industrial revolution and directly entered the age of information technology. It should be added here that half of Nokia's phones are fabricated in Estonia and two out of three Estonians own a cellular phone. Furthermore, it can be used as a method of payment in stores. (Le Monde, 20.05) The President of Portugal was impressed by the cabinet meeting room, where there was no paper and the room had been completely computerized, the so called e-government, which the Estonian Prime Minister Juhan Parts was proud to show to the President of Portugal, Portuguese journalists noted. The plan to use a similar system in elections was also very impressive. (Público, Diário de Notícias, 12.05) The world's most ambitious experiment of electronic government has been carried out in Estonia. When 64

2003 KULTUUR JA SPORT CULTURE AND SPORTS Rahvusvahelise Telekommunikatsiooniliidu raportist selgub, et ELi keskmisest näitajast 20 arvutit saja elaniku kohta lahutab Poolat veel 12 arvutit. Poolakate muret mahajäämuse pärast võiks suurendada asjaolu, et Eestis, mis astub Poolaga samal ajal ELi, on saja elaniku kohta 21 arvutit. Eestile järgnevad Slovakkia 18, Läti 17, Tšehhi Vabariik 14, Leedu 11 ja Ungari 10 arvutiga saja elaniku kohta. (Slowo Polskie: Gazeta Wroclawska, n.301, 29.12) 1991. aastal, mil Eesti taasiseseisvus, oli telefoniliin vähem kui pooltel Eestis elavatel inimestel. Täna kasutab mobiiltelefoni 800 000 inimest, mis teeb ligi 60% kogu rahva arvust. Internetikasutajate arv läheneb Lääne-Euroopa tasemele. Eestlased sooritavad ka 80% pangatehingutest interneti teel, ning endise peaministri Mart Laari sõnul on Eesti Vabariigi valitsus esimene, mille töö käib täielikult virtuaalselt. (The Christian Science Monitor, 1.07) Eesti programmeerijate kaasabil on sündinud veebitelefon Skype. Linnar Viigi väitel on Skype'i helikvaliteet lähedane tavatelefoni omale, kuid esialgu kindlasti mitte parem. Viik ei arva, et uus süsteem tavatelefonid üldse mängust välja lükkaks. Siiski laaditi esimesel nädalal, kui Skype'i kasutada sai, internetist alla üle 15 000 koopia, teisel nädalal küündis see arv juba 660 000ni. (AP; NYT, 25.09) JAAN KROSSI AVASTAMAS Juba enam kui kümne aasta vältel on inglise keelt kõnelev maailm avastamas eesti romaanikirjaniku Jaan Krossi teoseid. Tema viimane inglise keelde tõlgitud romaan "Paigallend" räägib 20. sajandi sündmustest läbi andeka ja imelise mäluga poisi silmade, kellel on oodata helget tulevikku, kuid kelle saatus muutub päevapealt ja temast saab tööline kommunistlikus vabrikus. Jaan Kross on 83-aastane ja elab endiselt nõukogudeaegses plokkmajas Eesti pealinnas Tallinnas. (FT, 22.07) "Paigallend" kajastab ajalugu vaid kaudselt; süngele materjalile vaatamata on romaan veidral kombel täis kergust. Võib-olla oli Krossi eesmärgiks veenda meid elu banaalsuses isegi ajaloo kõige karmimatel hetkedel, kuid kui reastada Kross teiste kaasaegsete Ida-Euroopa kirjanikega, nagu Solženitsõn, Linna, Borowski, Andrzejewski, Màrai, näib käesolev romaan nõrgana. (The Guardian, 23.08) JAAN KROSS they come to their weekly cabinet meetings, Estonian ministers sit behind flat-screened computers, pull out wireless keyboards from under their huge table, type in their electronic passwords and look through the legislative agenda. If all 15 ministers support the draft law, it is confirmed with mouse click and immediately published on the Internet. Legislators can participate in the meeting even without being physically present. They merely open their laptops, type in their passwords and vote online. Paperless cabinet meetings save both time and money. The Estonian government is extremely proud of its attempt to bring democracy into the digital age. (The Washington Times, 9.09) In twelve years, Estonia has become one of the world's leading Internet countries: common foodgasoline-accommodation signs now include information about the closest Internet access locations. Wire or wireless Internet connections in hotels have become the norm. (NYT, 17.08) The International Telecommunication Union reports point out that Poland lags behind the European Union average of 20 computers per 100 residents with only 12 computers per hundred residents. Polish concerns about falling behind would be greater after learning that Estonia, who joins the EU the same time as Poland does, has 21 computers per hundred residents. Estonia is followed by the Slovak Republic with 18, Latvia with 17, the Czech Republic with 14, Lithuania with 11 and Hungary with 10 computers per hundred residents. (Slowo Polskie: Gazeta Wroclawska, no. 301, 29.12) 65

Ajaleht toob 2003. aasta parimate raamatute hulgas ära ka Jaan Krossi romaani "Paigallend". Inimene, kes soovib ette võtta reisi Tallinna, leiab Jaan Krossi teose "Paigallend" lugemise õpetliku ja nauditavana. Romaani keskne tegelane Ullo on erakordse mäluga mees, kes leiab end oma rahva 20. sajandi peamiste poliitiliste sündmuste tunnistajana. Teos on nii ilukirjanduslik elulugu kui ka ülevaade Eesti lähiajaloost, varustatud hea sissejuhatuse ning märkmetega poliitikas ja kultuuris silma paistnud inimeste kohta. (The Independent, 21.12) Jaan Krossi esimene romaan "Kolme katku vahel" sündis erakordsetel asjaoludel. Krossilt telliti tegelikult Eesti ajaloost rääkiv filmistsenaarium, mis loomulikult pidi olema kooskõlas tolleaegse mõtteviisiga ning eeldati, et selles tuleb juttu Eesti ja Vene rahvaste igavesest koostööst ja sõprusest. Kross valis aga teemaks Liivi sõja, kus venelased laastasid ja hävitasid Eestimaad. Käsikiri pandi riiulisse, kuid taustmaterjali oli kogunenud juba niivõrd palju, et järgneva kümne aasta jooksul kirjutas Kross selle põhjal neljaosalise ajaloolise romaani, mis on nüüd viimaks ilmunud ka soome keeles. (HS, 28.05) Eesti kirjanduse ja kultuurihuvilistele on kahtlemata väärtuslikuks lugemisvaraks Jaan Krossi teosed. Tallinna vanalinnas elava Krossi romaanis "Kolme katku vahel" avaldub üsna spetsiifiline eesti huumor. (Dekada Literacka nr. 9/10, 9.10) EESTLASTE EEST TÕDE OTSIMAS Noor jurist ja ajakirjanik Konstantin Päts astub 20. sajandi alguses Eesti ajaloo rambivalgusse. Temast saab mitmekordne peaminister, riigivanem ja lõpuks Eesti Vabariigi esimene president. Pätsi riigimehekarjäär lõpeb koos iseseisva Eesti hävinguga. Miks Soome demokraatia jäi püsima, aga Eesti oma lämmatati? Milline oli Konstantin Pätsi osa riigi loomisel ja kui palju vastutab ta selle kadumise eest? Soome ajaloolase dotsent Martti Turtola sulest ilmunud raamat tekitas Eestis palju vastukaja. /Raamatu tagakaanelt/ In 1991 when Estonia reclaimed its independence, less than half of the Estonian population had phone lines. Today mobile phones are used by 800 000 people, that is about 60% of the total population. The number of Internet users is close to the European average. Estonians conduct 80% of bank transactions via the net and according to Mart Laar, the former Prime Minister, the Cabinet of the Republic of Estonia is the first in the world to conduct their work by virtual means alone. (The Christian Science Monitor, 1.07) The web phone Skype was created with the assistance of Estonian programmers. According to Linnar Viik, Skype's sound quality is close to that of an ordinary telephone, but not better. Viik considers it to be unlikely that the new system would totally replace ordinary phones. Nevertheless, the first week of Skype's use witnessed the download of over 15 000 copies from the Internet, while in the second week the figure reached 660 000. (AP; NYT, 25.09) DISCOVERING JAAN KROSS For more than ten years the English-speaking world has been discovering the works of Estonian novelist Jaan Kross. His latest novel translated into English "Treading Air" deals with events in the 20th century through the eyes of a talented boy with an excellent memory, who is looking forward to a bright future. His destiny changes in a day when he becomes a worker in a communist factory. Jaan Kross is 83 years old and still lives in a Soviet style apartment block in Tallinn, the capital of Estonia. (FT, 22.07) "Treading Air" reflects history only indirectly; despite its sordid theme the novel is strangely full of lightness. Kross' aim may be to convince us of life's banality even in the harshest moments of history, but if we place Kross next to other contemporary Eastern European writers, such as Solzhenityn, Linna, Borowski, Andrzejewski, and Màrai, the novel seems weak. (The Guardian, 23.08) The newspaper presents among the best books of 2003, the novel "Treading Air" by Jaan Kross. A person wishing to undertake a trip to Tallinn will find reading "Treading Air" both instructive and enjoyable. The central figure of the novel, Ullo, is a man with an extraordinary memory who witnesses the main political events of his people in the 20th century. The novel is both a fictional biography and an overview of Estonia's recent history, supplemented with an excellent introduction and notes about outstanding people in Estonian political and cultural life. (The Independent, 21.12) The first novel by Jaan Kross, "Between the Three Plagues" was born under extraordinary circumstances. Kross was ordered to write a film 66

2003 KULTUUR JA SPORT CULTURE AND SPORTS script on Estonian history, which had to conform with the mentality of those times. It was presumed that it would speak of the eternal co-operation and friendship between Estonia and Russia. Kross, however, took up the theme of the Livonian War where the Russians devastated and ravaged Estonia. The script was shelved, but Kross had gathered so much background information that over ten years he wrote a four novel series on this theme, which is now finally available in Finnish. (HS, 28.05) The enthusiasts of Estonian literature and culture find the works of Jaan Kross, worthy reading. In the novel "Between the Three Plagues" Kross, a resident of Tallinn's Old Town, reveals a unique Estonian humour. (Dekada Literacka no. 9/10, 9.10) LOOKING FOR THE TRUTH ON ESTONIANS BEHALF MARTTI TURTOLA PRESIDENT KONSTANTIN PÄTSIST MARTTI TURTOLA ABOUT PRESIDENT KONSTANTIN PÄTS Mul ei ole midagi Martti Turtola raamatu vastu seetõttu, et see on pinnapealne, ega ka seetõttu, et kiiresti kirjutatud raamatus on palju vigu, vaid seetõttu, et see on suure venna raamat väikevennast. Minulgi oli vend, kirjutab Eesti ekspresident Lennart Meri, vend, kes oli sündides ja terve minu elu minust viis aastat noorem, ent nüüd oleme üheealised ning mõlemad selle üle rõõmsad. Ka praegu mõtleb iga eestlane Konstantin Pätsi meenutades, kas oli õige alluda Stalini ja Molotovi ultimaatumile 1939. aasta septembris või oleks Eestil tulnud oma piire sõjalise jõuga kaitsta, nagu seda tegi Soome kaks ja pool kuud hiljem? Minu sõber Ain Kaalep, Jätkusõja veteran, Pätsi vastane ja Tõnissoni pooldaja, on aga selles küsimuses täielikult Pätsi poolel: kes oleks Potsdami konverentsil tundnud huvi maakaardilt kadunud eestlaste vastu? Kes tunneb täna veel huvi tšetšeenide vastu? Neile küsimustele vastust pole, seetõttu on ka sisutu Turtola asetatud küsimus: "Kas Eesti esimene president Päts oli sangar või riigireetur?" (HS, 19.01) Eesti endine peaminister Mart Laar asus toetama Eesti esimese presidendi Konstantin Pätsi otsuseid aastatel 1939-1940. Mart Laari arvates on soomlase Martti Turtola nägemus Pätsist kui nõrgast ja salakavalast presidendist pinnapealne ja kahetsusväärne. Laar esines Eestis toimunud Turtola raamatu esitlusel, öeldes, et Pätsi pidamine petlikuks on Young lawyer and journalist Konstantin Päts steps into the limelight of Estonian history at the beginning of the 20th century. He becomes a multiple term Prime Minister, Head of State and finally the first President of the Republic of Estonia. Päts' statemanship ends with the destruction of the independent Estonia. Why did Finland's democracy persist while Estonia's was suffocated? What was the role of Konstantin Päts in the formation of the independent country and how much is he responsible for its disappearance? The book by Finnish historian and lecturer Martti Turtola caused great uproar in Estonia. /From the book jacket/ I have nothing against Martti Turtola's book neither for its superficiality nor the mistakes caused by quick writing; but I resent it because it is big brother writing about the smaller brother. I also had a brother, writes Lennart Meri, the ex-president of Estonia. My brother was five years younger than I from the moment of his birth, but now we are of the same age and both happy about it. Even now when Estonians think about Konstantin Päts, they question whether it was right to conform to the ultimatum given by Stalin and Molotov in September 1939 or should Estonia have defended its borders with military force as did Finland two and half months later? My friend Ain Kaalep, a veteran of the Continuation War (the second campaign of the 67

meelevaldne. Päts jagas Eesti rahva saatust ning tema ainsaks tegutsemismotiiviks oli Eesti rahvale võimalikult vähe kahju teha. Laar kritiseeris Turtola raamatut selle algmaterjali nõrga kasutuse ning tendentsliku tõlgendamise pärast. Laari arvates ei tohiks Eesti ajaloolased Turtola raamatut ainult kritiseerida, vaid peaksid ise ajalugu põhjalikumalt uurima. (TS, 21.02) Soome ajaloolase ja Tallinna Soome Instituudi juhataja Martti Turtola raamatuesitlus kulges teataval määral mustas meeleolus, sest eestlased mõtlesid: "Miks meie seda raamatut ei kirjutanud?" Kuid eesti vanema põlvkonna ajaloolase Mati Õuna sõnul on Eesti väike ja kõik tunnevad üksteist. "Seal eemal istub Konstantini pojapoeg Mati Päts ma ei saa tema vanaisast halvasti kirjutada," ütles Õun. Lisaks oli takistuseks ka rahapuudus, rahakamatel jälle ajapuudus. (HS, 21.02) Soome ajaloolase kirjutatud raamat Eesti esimesest presidendist Konstantin Pätsist puudutab eestlaste hella kohta. Raamatu autori Martti Turtola sõnul ei tekita puss haavas valu muidu, kui seda keerata. Turtola raamatu keskseks küsimuseks oli, kas Päts oli sangar või riigireetur, kas demokraatia ning riigi relvastatud kaitsmine oleks viinud teise tulemuseni nõukogude okupatsiooni asemel. Turtola tõlgendus ei toeta Eestis käibelolevat 'Päts kui sangar' müüti. Turtola raamat lükkab ümber müüdi ka sellest, nagu oleks Eesti olnud erakordselt vaene, sõjapidamiseks halvasti varustatud ja võimetu oma idapiiri kaitsma nii maal, merel kui ka õhus. Turtola paneb imeks sedagi, et nii ekspresident Meri kui ka endine peaminister Laar hakkasid raamatu esitlusel Pätsi diktatuuri kaitsma. Martti Turtola arvates tuleb Eesti ühiskonnal lõpuks töötada läbi ka oma ajaloo dramaatiline ajajärk. Eestlased on sellegipoolest vältinud selle teemaga tegelemist. Taasiseseisvunud Eestis pole ilmunud ühtegi Pätsi elulugu. (Kaleva, 1.04) Winter War in Finland), an opponent of Päts and supporter of Tõnisson, is a supporter of Päts on this question. Who in the Poznan Conference would have taken interest in an Estonian nation who had disappeared from world maps? Who today takes any interest in the chetchens? There is no answer to these questions. Therefore, the question presented by Turtola, "Was Päts, the first President of Estonia, a hero or traitor?" is meaningless. (HS, 19.01) The former Prime Minister of Estonia Mart Laar supported the decisions made by the first President of Estonia Konstantin Päts in 1939-1940. Mart Laar considers Martti Turtola's notion of Päts as a weak and cunning President, as both superficial and regrettable. Laar spoke at the Estonian presentation of the book, stating that defining Päts as being deceptive is arbitary. Päts shared the destiny of the Estonian nation and his only motive was to cause as little harm as possible to the Estonian people. Laar criticised Turtola's book for its weak use of sources and controversial interpretations. Laar thinks that Estonian historians should not merely criticise Turtola's book, but should thoroughly research Estonia's history. (TS, 21.02) The book presentation by Martti Turtola, a Finnish historian and the head of the Finnish Institute in Tallinn, occured with dark spirits as Estonians thought: "Why didn't we write this book?" The older generation Estonian historian Mati Õun stated that Estonia is small and everybody knows everybody. "Over there sits Mati Päts, the grandson of Konstantin I cannot write badly about his grandfather," said Õun. Other obstacles are the lack of money while the more affluent writers lack the time. (HS, 21.02) The book of the first Estonian president Konstantin Päts written by a Finnish historian touches a nerve in Estonia. According to Martti Turtola, the author of the book, a knife in a wound causes pain only if it is turned. The central issue of Turtola's book was whether Päts was a hero or traitor, whether democracy and armed resistance would have resulted in something other than the Soviet occupation. Turtola's interpretation does not support the current Estonian myth of 'Päts the hero'. Turtola's book also refutes the myth that Estonia had been extremely poor, badly equipped for war and unable to defend her eastern border on land, sea and in the air. Turtola is surprised that both expresident Meri and former Prime Minister Laar were so eager to defend Päts' dictatorship at the book presentation. According to Martti Turtola, Estonian society should finally work through this dramatic period of its history. Nevertheless, Estonians have evaded this theme. No biographies of Päts have been published since the restoration of the Republic of Estonia. (Kaleva, 1.04) 68

2003 KULTUUR JA SPORT CULTURE AND SPORTS OKUPATSIOONIDE MUUSEUM Okupatsioonide Muuseum on üks esimesi maailmas, kus käsitletakse nõukogude ja natsikuritegusid ühe katuse all. Muuseumi loomiseks 2 miljoni dollari suuruse annetuse teinud Olga Ritso sõnas Tallinnas muuseumi avamisel, et tahtis maailmale näidata, mida Eesti läbi on elanud. Muuseumis käsitletakse ka 100 000 eestlase ohtuderohket põgenemist läände. Okupatsioonimuuseumi tähtsusest räägib selle asukohtki Riigikogu hoone vahetus läheduses. Eesti peaminister Juhan Parts sõnas avamisel, et muuseum annab tulevastele põlvedele aimu sellest, mis kord oli ja mida enam kunagi ei tule. (AP; NYT, 17.08) Teise maailmasõja ajal tabasid Eesti elanikkonda suured kaotused; vaevalt on need võrreldavad mõne teise rahva omadega. Iga kaheksas eestlane, peaaegu kogu intellektuaalne ja kodanlik eliit, hukati. Sellise veretöö tagajärgi on tunda igal pool väikse riigi territooriumil. Peaaegu igal eestlasel on sugulasi, kes olid küüditatud, riigist välja aetud, keda piinati või kes hukati. Äsja avatud okupatsioonimuuseum kehastab endas tänuavaldust nendele, kes ohverdasid oma elu Eesti iseseisvuse eest. See on samas ka hauakivi nendele eestlastele, kes lebavad tundmatutes matmispaikades Siberis ja taigas, Eesti soodes või Läänemere põhjas. (FAZ, 8.07) VÕITUDEROHKE SUUSATALV Itaalias Val di Fiemmes peeti 13.02. 01.03.2003 põhja suusaalade MM. Eestile oli suusapidu äärmiselt edukas: Kristina Šmigun võitis ühe kuldmedali, kaks hõbemedalit ja ühe pronksmedali. Ühe hõbemedali tõi Eestile ka Jaak Mae. Kogu talve väldanud MK-sarjas tuli Šmigun kokkuvõttes teiseks, MK-sari oli meestest edukas Andrus Veerpalule, kes võitis talve jooksul kaks etappi. Ta teenib 3 miljonit aastas, räägib vaikselt ja harva, hingab tundide kaupa klaaskuplis ning sõidab ringi viimase peal Mercedesega. Sellest hoolimata on Andrus Veerpalu Eestis rahvuskangelane. Veerpalu hindavad ka konkurendid ning näiteks Frode Estili arvates on Veerpalul kõige parem klassikaline tehnika. Tartu maratonist võtsid osa nii Veerpalu ühes oma OKUPATSIOONIDE MUUSEUMI UUED ELANIKUD THE NEW OCCUPANTS OF THE MUSEUM OF OCCUPATIONS THE MUSEUM OF OCCUPATIONS The Museum of Occupations is one of the first in the world in which Soviet and Nazi crimes are treated under the same roof. Olga Ritso who had donated two million dollars for the founding of the Museum remarked at the opening in Tallinn that she wanted to show the world what Estonia has had to live through. The museum also presents the dangerous escapes of 100 000 Estonians to the West. The importance of the Museum of Occupations is emphasised by its location in the near vicinity of the Parliament House. Estonian Prime Minister Juhan Parts remarked at the opening that the Museum gives the future generations an idea of what once was, but will never happen again. (AP; NYT, 17.08) During World War II, the Estonian population suffered huge losses, which are hardly comparable to those of some other nations. Every eighth Estonian, almost the entire intellectual and bourgeois elite was executed. The results of this bloodletting are felt almost everywhere on the tiny territory. Each Estonian has relatives who were deported, driven out of the country, tortured or executed. The recently opened Museum of Occupations embodies in itself an expression of gratitude to those who sacrificed their lives for 69

KRISTINA ŠMIGUN ANDRUS VEERPALU pojaga kui ka Bjørn Dæhlie oma poja Sivertiga. Andruse sõnul ei heidutanud tema poega kolmas koht põrmugi. "Kõige olulisem on, et ta võitis Sivertit," kuulutab uhke isa poja saavutust. (Dagbladet, 19.02) Kristina Šmigunil on hõbemedali üle väga hea meel ning tema hinge ei kriibigi Bente Skari kuldmedal. Šmigun ütles: "Olen hõbedaga rahul. Meie eesmärk oli MMilt üks medal võita, kuid nüüd on mul juba kaks hõbedat." Šmigun ei kurvasta eriti ka selle üle, et ta Bente Skarile kaotama pidi. Šmigun tõdeb, et "Bente on lihtsalt liiga tugev minu jaoks. Ma pean veel treenima." (Dagbladet, 21.02) Kristina Šmigun võitis suusatamise MMi suusavahetusega jälitussõidu. Pärast võistlust avaldas Šmigun lootust, et seda võistlusala tulevikus enam võistluskavva ei võeta. "Ma mõistan küll, et pealtvaatajatele on seda sõitu huvitav jälgida, ent klassikalisele tehnikale mõjub see väga halvasti," leiab Šmigun. Samuti pidas Šmigun selleks võistluseks valmistumist oma tiimile väga raskeks. Kuldmedalivõidu kohta ütles Šmigun: "Mul on väga hea meel, et ma võitsin, kuid see võistlusala mulle ei meeldi." (Adresseavisen, 23.02) Estonia's independence. It is also a monument to those Estonians who lie in unmarked graves in Siberia and the taiga, in Estonian marshes or at the bottom of the Baltic Sea. (FAZ, 8.07) A WINTER FULL OF SKIING VICTORIES From 13 February to 1 March, the World Nordic Skiing Championships were held in Val di Fiemme, Italy. The skiing event was extremely successful for Estonians: Kristina Šmigun won one gold, two silvers and one bronze medal. Jaak Mae won silver for Estonia. Šmigun placed second in the overall World Cup standings. The World Cup had also been successful for Andrus Veerpalu who won two stages during the season. He earns 3 million a year, speaks quietly and sparsely, breathes for hours in a glass dome and drives around in a flashy Mercedes. Despite all this Andrus Veerpalu is the national hero of Estonia. Veerpalu is also highly regarded by his competitors and according to Frode Estil Veerpalu has the best classical technique. Veerpalu, his son, Bjørn Dæhlie and his son Sivert took part in the Tartu Ski Marathon. Andrus claims that his son was not discouraged by finishing third. "The most important thing is that he beat Sivert," declares the proud father. (Dagbladet, 19.02) 70

2003 KULTUUR JA SPORT CULTURE AND SPORTS MARKKO MÄRTIN VÕIMELINE VÕITMA KÕIKJAL Fordi autorallimeeskonna esipiloot Markko Märtin tutvustas Eestit kõige erinevamates maailmanurkades alates Soomest ja Rootsist ning lõpetades Uus-Meremaa ja Argentinaga. Saavutades oma elu esimesed MMi rallivõidud Kreekas Akropolise rallil ja Soomes Yväskyläs, pani Märtin ka poliitikuid enda vastu huvi tundma. Markko Märtin tolmutas skandinaavia piloote "nende" rallil Jyväskyläs Soomes. Tegemist oli hooaja ühe kõige kiirema ja vaatemängulisema ralliga. Noor eestlasest Fordi piloot Märtin ei kõhelnud rünnata, sooritas minimaalselt vigu ja võitis 29-aastaselt oma karjääri teise MM-ralli. Tänu autodesse paigutatud kaameratele teatakse, et vastupidiselt enamusele kaasvõitlejatele, kes sõidavad silmad pungis ja teevad grimasse, on Märtin jäise enesevalitsuse kehastus. Selle omaduse olevat ta pärinud oma isalt, kes oli samuti eesti rallisõitja. (Libération, 11.08) Jyväskylä rallil leidis aset põnev duell Marcus Grönholmi ja Markko Märtini vahel, milles Grönholm poole ralli pealt tehniliste probleemide tõttu alla andma pidi. Märtin mainib muuhulgas, et on alati unistanud Soome ralli võidust olles seal võitnud, arvab ta end olevat võimeline võitma kõikjal.(le Figaro, 11.08) Eestlane Markko Märtin (Ford Focusel) edestas Soomes autoralli MMi üheksandal etapil isegi "lendavat soomlast" Marcus Grönholmi. Eesti peaminister Juhan Parts ei pidanud paljuks minna Soome rahvuskangelast õnnitlema. Ka Jyväskylä linn oli täis sini-must-valgeid lippe eestlastest kaasaelajate käes. (Dernières Nouvelles d'alsace, 11.08) Juhan Parts sõitis Jyväskylässe, et õnnitleda Jyvaskyläs ralli MM-etapi võitnud Markko Märtinit. Märtin pidas oma võitu märgiks sellest, et edaspidi on ta favoriidiks kõikidel rallivõistlustel. (TS, 11.08) TASUB TEADA Monstrumitaoline teokarbikujuline laululava Tallinnas, kus regulaarselt toimub Põhjamaade suurim õllefestival Õllesummer ja kus 1988. aastal sai alguse laulev revolutsioon, kuulub eestlaste meelest maailma 100 kõige tähtsama kultuuriobjekti hulka ja seda ei ütle nad mitte õlleuima tõttu, vaid puhtast patriotismist. (FAZ, 18.09) Kristina Šmigun is very happy over her silver medal and she is not envious of Bente Skari's gold. "I am satisfied with silver. Our aim was to win a medal at the World Championships, but I already have two silvers." Šmigun is not sadden by losing to Skari. Šmigun admits, "Bente is too strong for me. I have to train more. " (Dagbladet, 21.02) Kristina Šmigun won gold in the crosscountry skiing double pursuit event at the World Championships. After the competition Šmigun expressed hope that this event would not be included in the future. "I do understand that the audience finds this thrilling but it is very bad for the classical technique," claims Šmigun. She also stated that preparing for this race was very hard on her team. "I am happy to have won it, but I still don't like this event," commented Šmigun after winning the gold (Adresseavisen, 23.02) MARKKO MÄRTIN CAPABLE OF WINNING ANYWHERE The top Ford rallycar driver Markko Märtin introduced Estonia to the different corners of the world starting from Finland and Sweden and ending with New Zealand and Argentina. By achieving his first rally victories in the World Rally Championship in Akropoli, Greece and Yväskylä, Finland, Märtin forced politicians to take interest in his career. Markko Märtin dusted Scandinavian drivers at "their" rally in Jyväskylä, Finland. It was one of the fastest and most spectacular rallies of the season. Young, Estonian Ford driver Märtin did not hesitate to attack. He made minimal mistakes and won his second World Rally Championship race at the age of 29. Due to cameras in the cars it is known that contrary to most of his competitors who drive with bulged eyes and grimaces, Märtin is the embodiment of icy self-control. He has inherited this feature from his father, also an Estonian rally driver. (Libération, 11.08) At the Jyväskylä rally, a thrilling duel between Marcus Grönholm and Markko Märtin took place in which Grönholm had to retire halfway through the rally due to technical problems. Märtin mentions among other things that he had always dreamed of winning the Finnish rally after having won there he believes that he can win anywhere. (Le Figaro, 11.08) Estonian Markko Märtin (Ford Focus) outraced even the "Flying Finn" Marcus Grönholm at the ninth race of the World Rally Championships in Finland. Estonian Prime Minister Juhan Parts flew to Finland to congratulate the national hero. The city of 71

Jyväskylä was full of blue-black-white flags carried by Estonian supporters. (Dernières Nouvelles d'alsace, 11.08) Juhan Parts travelled to Jyväskylä to congratulate Markko Märtin the winner of the Jyväskylä World Rally Championship race. Märtin regarded his victory a sign that he will be a favourite at all the upcoming rallies. (TS, 11.08) NEWSWORTHY The monster-like, snail shell-shaped song festival stage in Tallinn that regularly holds the largest beer festival in the Nordic area, Õllesummer, and is also the site where the singing revolution began in 1988, belongs, according to the Estonians, to the group of the 100 most important cultural objects in the world. This is not said in beer daze, but out of pure patriotism. (FAZ, 18.09) MARKKO MÄRTIN 72