SOUTH SUDAN Consolidated Appeal SUMMARY UNOCHA

SOUTH SUDAN Consolidated Appeal 2014-2016 SUMMARY UNOCHA

2 Introduction South Sudan Consolidated appeal 2014-2016 Humanitarian Dashboard Key 2014 planning figures, needs and funding indicators Key planning figures 2014 4.4 million people in need 3.1 million people targeted overall 2.3m people to receive food/livelihoods assistance Strategic objectives 2014-2016 1 Provide a coordinated response to immediate humanitarian needs 2 Enhance people s preparedness and build resilience to shocks 3 Build capacity and strengthen systems of institutions to deliver basic services Priority needs Crisis-driven displacement caused by inter-communal violence and hostilities between state and non-state armed actors shatters lives and livelihoods. Displacement stretches coping mechanisms, pushing families further into vulnerability Food insecurity remains high - some 830,000 people are expected to be severely food insecure in 2014 270,000 refugees in South Sudan 125,000 newly internally displaced $1.1bn funds needed $355 per person Refugees and returnees continue to arrive, although at a slower pace, needing sustainable support and services Seasonal floods strike already vulnerable communities, displacing people temporarily and disrupting livelihoods 50,000 returnees from Sudan 1.1 billion US$ funding required 306 projects 128 partners Access restrictions for aid agencies make it challenging and costly to reach communities in need in remote areas, especially during the rainy season. Violence against aid workers is likely to hinder the delivery of humanitarian relief People in need and people targeted 2014 As of 31 October 2013 Key planning trends A As of 31 October 2013 FSL people targeted 2.3m people in need 4.4m % people targeted 52% 1.2m 1.2m 2.3m 2.2m 2.3m WASH Health 2m 2.9m 3.9m 4.4m 65% 52% Food/livelihood assistance 2011 2012 2013 2013 MYR 2014 Nutrition 1.2m 3.2m 38% 350 263 270 Mine Action Protection Multi-cluster Shelter/NFI Education 0.6m 0.6m 0.4m 0.5m 0.2m 0.3m 2.2m 2.2m 3.1m 3.1m 82% 70% Refugees in South Sudan Newly internally displaced 21 80 2011 2012 2013 2013 MYR 500 300 200 125 2011 2012 2013 2013 MYR 2014 125 2014 ETC 162 org 530 Logistics 250 org Returnees from Sudan 250 125 70 2011 2012 2013 2013 MYR 50 2014 Sources: (A) Consolidated Appeals 2011, 2012, 2013, Mid-Year Review 2013; (B) WFP, Fews net, OCHA; (C) (1) 2008 population + returnees + population growth + refugees (OCHA); (2) 5th Sudan Population and Housing Census (2008); (3) ibid.; (4) ibid.; (5) GDP Estimate, South Sudan National Bureau of Statistics (NBS, Aug '11); (6) ibid.; (7) National sources; (8) Doing Business 2014; (9) WFP ANLA 2011/12; (10) South Sudan Household Health Survey (SHHS, 2010); (11) SHHS (2006); (12) SHHS (2010); (13) ibid.; (14) ibid.; (15) ibid.; (16) Education Management Information System (2011); (17) ibid.; (18) SHHS 2010; (19) ibid.

South Sudan Consolidated appeal 2014-2016 Introduction 3 Requirements 2014 ($m) FSL 390.8 MC 272.7 H 87.3 WASH 81.8 NUT 79.1 PRO 57.5 LOG 33.7 MA 32 EDU 28.2 NFI 19.6 CCS 17 ET 2.7 Violence, food insecurity and refugees CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC 8 South Darfur Refugees as at 30 Sep Incidents as 30 Sep 2013 Inter / intra-tribal communal incident or armed incident Cross border incident Acute Food Insecurity Phase valid up to 30 Oct 2013 None or minimal stress Stressed Crisis East Darfur Northern Bahr el Ghazal Western Bahr el Ghazal Source: OCHA, UNHCR, FSL Cluster, Oct 2013 8 Upper Nile South Kordofan 122,000 76,000 Unity Warrap Jonglei 3 Lakes 17 Eastern Equatoria Central Equatoria Abyei SUDAN Western Equatoria DEM.REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO UGANDA Blue Nile ETHIOPIA KENYA Funding priorities 2014 39% ($430m) 8 projects immediate high priority needs for core pipelines in education, food/livelihoods, health, NFI, nutrition, vaccines and WASH 48% ($525m) 126 projects other high priority needs 9% ($101m) medium 95 projects 4% ($47m) low priority 77 projects A challenging context 1 2 3 4 State capacity to deliver basic services remains low, despite increasing investments in social sectors Operating environment is logistically challenging and costly, especially during the rainy season Political tension between South Sudan and Sudan has potential to impact humanitarian needs Humanitarian assistance represents over half of all international aid to the country Baseline indicators c Population estimate (for 2014) 1 12m Population below 18 years 2 51% Rural population as share of total 3 83% Average household size 4 6 Gross domestic product (estimate) 5 $13bn GDP per capita (estimate) 6 $1,546 People living below poverty line 7 50.6% Ease of intern'tl trade (of 189 countries) 8 186 Share of arable land under cultivation 9 4.5% Live expectancy (years) 10 42 Maternal mortality (per 100,000 births) 11 2,054 Infant mortality (per 1,000 births) 12 75 Child mortality (per 1,000 births) 13 105 Children under 2 years fully immunized 14 6.3% Adult literacy (15+ years) 15 27% Net enrolment in primary education 16 44.4% Net enrolment in secondary education 17 1.6% Households using improved sanitation 18 7.4% Househ. w/ impr. drink. water sources 19 68.7% Timeline of critical seasonal events B Preposition Planting season Preposition Main harvest Hunger gap Main harvest Dry season Main rainy season Dry season Floods Floods Violence pattern Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar

4 Consolidated Appeal 2014-2016 SUMMARY humanitarian NEEDS overview The humanitarian situation in South Sudan will affect an estimated 4.4 million people in 2014 Drivers and underlying factors of need Poverty underpins many of the humanitarian challenges facing South Sudan. Half the population lives below the national poverty line of 73 South Sudanese pounds (about $17) per month. The country has one of the highest maternal mortality rates globally (2,054 per 100,000 live births), and only 44 per cent of children are enrolled in primary school. These and other chronically low human development indicators make many communities extremely vulnerable, and undermine their ability to withstand shocks and rebuild their lives in the aftermath of disaster. Priority needs Crisis-driven displacement Violence continues to de-stabilize parts of the country. In 2014, civilians will continue to bear the brunt of inter-communal fighting and cattle-raiding, as well as state versus non-state armed actor violence in Jonglei. An estimated 125,000 people may be Planning figures for 2014 270,000 refugees 3.1 million people Targeted by projects in the CAP 125,000 IDPs 50,000 returnees internally displaced by violence. Internal insecurity is likely to concentrate largely in Jonglei State and the tri-state area (between Lakes, Unity and Warrap). Some 105,000 people from the disputed Abyei area are anticipated to continue to require humanitarian assistance, whether they are inside Abyei or remain displaced outside the area. Acute food insecurity A complex web of shocks and vulnerabilities mean an estimated 3.2 to 4.6 million people could be at risk of food insecurity over the next three years. In 2014, an estimated 4.4 million people will face food insecurity. Some 830,000 people - around 7 per cent of the population - are likely to be severely food insecure. Partners will target up to 2.3 million people for food and livelihoods support. For emergency support, they will target severely food insecure people, vulnerable groups and moderately food insecure people who are unable to engage in livelihood activities. Livelihood programmes will be geared towards helping communities either produce, market or purchase their own food. Refugees and returnees South Sudan is projected to host an estimated 270,000 refugees by the end of 2014 (up to 293,000 by end of 2015 and 317,000 by the end of 2016). The majority are Sudanese refugees, with some 24,000 refugees from Chad, the Democratic Republic of Congo, Eritrea and Ethiopia. The number of new refugee arrivals from Sudan is projected to stabilize in 2014, enabling aid organizations to focus the response on longer term support, including sustainable housing and education programmes and livelihoods support. South Sudanese continue to return home from Sudan, although in lower numbers. Partners are planning for the arrival of about 50,000 returnees in 2014. Aid agencies will focus on supporting the dignified movement of returnees to their areas of origin or to where they wish to settle, and on the initial reintegration of new arrivals. The ability of state authorities to allocate land for new arrivals, ensure access to basic services and take on longer term reintegration needs will be key to successful integration. Food insecurity, maternal mortality and education Violence incidents by month No. of conflict incidents per month (2010-2013) Food security Food insecurity improving but still high Refugees in South Sudan 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Jan-10 Jul-10 Jan-11 Jul-11 Jan-12 Jul-12 Jan-13 Jul-13 Oct-13 Severely food insecure, 8% Moderately food insecure, 34% Food secure, 58% 250,000 200,000 150,000 100,000 50,000 0 Feb 2012 Jun Oct Feb 2012 Jun Oct 2013 Source: OCHA, October 2013 Source: FSMS, June 2013 Source: UNHCR, October 2013

Consolidated Appeal 2014-2016 SUMMARY 5 Different levels of vulnerability across the country People affected and targeted in 2014 Vulnerability index More vulnerable County Less vulnerable County SUDAN 12m people* population estimate for 2014 Abyei UPPER NILE Malakal Bentiu Aweil NORTHERN BAHR UNITY Kwajok EL GHAZAL WARRAP WESTERN BAHR Wau EL GHAZAL LAKES JONGLEI ETHIOPIA CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC Rumbek Bor WESTERN EQUATORIA Yambio CENTRAL EQUATORIA Juba EASTERN EQUATORIA Torit DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO UGANDA KENYA 100 km Source: OCHA, September 2013 Seasonal flooding Every year, South Sudan is struck by seasonal floods. Heavy rains in June to October cause rivers to overflow, destroying houses, crops and belongings, and temporarily displacing people from their homes. In the first nine months of 2013, nearly 200,000 people were affected by floods and needed assistance. A lack of preparedness and mitigation measures compounds the situation, which is unlikely to change in 2014. Humanitarian access restrictions South Sudan s physical environment and lack of infrastructure will continue to pose significant challenges. During the wet season around 60 per cent of the country is cut off for road travel, and aid agencies depend on expensive air assets. Mines and unexploded ordnance are also a constraint. Violence against humanitarian workers, assets and premises - especially theft and looting - is likely to remain a major challenge in 2014. Active hostilities, especially in Jonglei State and border areas, may create periods of acute access constraints. Relations with Sudan Tensions with Sudan continue to impact the humanitarian situation. The halt in oil production in 2012, which ended in April 2013, forced the Government to implement severe austerity budget cuts. Ordinary citizens were pushed deeper into vulnerability. Austerity measures will continue to be in place throughout the 2013-2014 fiscal year. National capacity The capacity of state institutions to provide basic emergency services is challenged, as the country slowly rebuilds after decades of conflict. Some increases in social spending are budgeted for in 2014, including in the areas of health and education. However, aid agencies will continue to provide the bulk of relief, as national institutions slowly grow. To strengthen national systems for service delivery, aid agencies will continue to step up capacity-building of state institutions at Juba and state level. 4.4m in need people who are food insecure, affected by violence and disaster, or lack the most basic services + 270,000 refugees + 125,000 newly displaced + 120,000 Abyei-affected + 50,000 returnees 3.1m targeted 3.1 million mine action 2.8 million water, sanitation, hygiene 2.3 / 2.2 million food/livelihoods, protection 2.0 million health 1.2 million nutrition 564,000 multisector 405,000 shelter/nfis 216,000 education * Estimate for people living in South Sudan based on census result of 2008 (8.26m), returnees (1.84m since 2008) and population growth (2.052% annually, 1.44m), the Abyei-conflict displaced (0.11m) and new returnees (0.05m) + expected refugee population (0.27m).

6 Consolidated Appeal 2014-2016 SUMMARY Planning Scenarios Conditions identified for the most-likely and worst-case humanitarian scenarios MOST-LIKELY SCENARIO in 2014 TRIGGERS The most-likely scenario forms the basis for clusters to develop their strategies, plans and cost requirements for 2014. zthe humanitarian situation stabilizes, with overall food security improving slightly and displacement reducing. However, needs remain high in several areas including severe food insecurity and violence-related displacement in Jonglei. Humanitarian partners face access constraints at both national and state level, and poor physical infrastructure, though negotiated access allows for access to areas of state and non-state presence. Seasonal flooding occurs at moderate levels. zstatus quo in relations with Sudan, although oil keps flowing as dialogue continues on the September 2012 Addis agreements. The war in Blue Nile and South Kordofan enters a protracted stage, with moderate levels of displacement southward. Insecurity in Sudan s Darfur region continues, resulting in low levels of cross border movements. The status of Abyei remains unresolved with many people reliant on assistance. The Four Freedoms Agreement is ratified. The pace of returns to South Sudan continues to slow. ztensions inside South Sudan cause violence and displacement. SPLA discipline remains weak, and non-state armed actor activity and inter-communal fighting destabilize insecure areas, albeit less than previous years in most areas apart from Jonglei State. Challenges regarding disarmament, rule of law and governance gaps play a role in fueling insecurity. Political tensions rise in the run up to 2015 national elections, with possible instability in hotspot areas. The LRA remains dormant. zstate capacity to deliver basic services remains low, while a stagnated economic climate exacerbates socio-economic strains. Though oil production continues, security priorities dominate government spending, leaving little space for basic services provision and addressing social needs. High inflation, partial border closures with Sudan, insufficient agricultural production and limited animal husbandry, limited private investment and heavy reliance on oil revenues, combine with unmet expectations to breed social discontent. State institutions work to strengthen basic policy and legal frameworks. The conditions below have triggered the most likely humanitarian planning scenario for 2014. zsome of the September 2012 Addis agreements are ratified, including the Four Freedoms. zstate versus non-state armed actor violence continues. zreintegration of non-state armed actors continues with mixed results. zdialogue on resolving inter-communal tensions continues with mixed results. zdisarmament campaigns continue with intermittent success. zwar continues in Blue Nile and South Kordofan. zstatus of Abyei remains contested. zpartial reopening of some trade borders between South Sudan and Sudan. zmoderate improvements in food security and factors influencing crop and livestock production. zno significant easing of austerity measures imposed mid-2012. 2.3 million people Targeted with food/livelihoods assistance 270,000 refugees 125,000 IDPs 50,000 returnees

Consolidated Appeal 2014-2016 SUMMARY 7 STRATEGIC RESPONSE PLAN A longer vision for humanitarian relief, as strategy extends to three years Year after year, already vulnerable communities in South Sudan are struck by cyclical crises, which can often be foreseen to a significant extent. The suffering generated could be reduced by stronger community resilience to shocks, and higher state capacity to manage disasters and provide basic services. Recognizing that urgent needs are intertwined with deep-rooted development and stability challenges, the aid community will take a longer term view of humanitarian action for this consolidated appeal. By extending the humanitarian strategy over three years from 2014 to 2016, partners will deliver an emergency response that will address immediate needs, while laying foundations for people to climb out of acute hardship and supporting national institutions to deliver basic services. The overall goal is to improve the focus of humanitarian assistance whereby core life-saving assistance and resources target the most vulnerable while contributing to creating conditions where fewer people require emergency relief. There will be a measurable shift away from the use of humanitarian assistance to address chronic needs driven by poverty as state institutions and development partners are better able to provide basic services. The longer vision set out in this consolidated appeal positions humanitarian action as one component in a wider project to help South Sudan move from fragility to resilience. In the context of the New Deal Compact, based on the New Deal for Engagement in Fragile States, the country and its international partners are addressing a range of challenges covering security, politics, justice, economic foundations and basic services. Humanitarian action will address three of the New Deal goals; economic foundations revenue and services, and justice. Contribution of humanitarian action to the New Deal goals New Deal goals Strategic objectives 2014-2016 To maximize the positive impact of programmes and to contribute to securing the lives and rebuilding of the livelihoods of up to 4.4 million people in need, the strategy for humanitarian action in 2014-2016 is based around three main pillars: 1. Provide a coordinated response to immediate humanitarian needs This focuses on saving lives and alleviating acute suffering by reaching people in need on time, in a way that maximizes the impact of resources and avoids duplication. The objective includes the response to needs created by displacement whether by violence, flooding or other causes, and includes assistance to refugees living in South Sudan and support to new returnees from Sudan. Key strategies used will be: pre-positioning of supplies in state capitals and deep field hubs during the dry season; consistent use of collectively agreed upon assessment and response mechanisms; strengthening the humanitarian coordination architecture down to state level; and ensuring access to affected people and the safety and security of aid workers. 2. Enhance people s preparedness and build resilience to shocks Strengthening preparedness and building resilience aims to lessen suffering by building communities ability to cope with shocks. It also aims to prevent short-term crises impacting progress towards better living conditions. Humanitarian activities in this area include disaster preparedness and risk reduction, an intensified focus on livelihoods and food self-sufficiency, and conflict prevention to reduce protection risks to vulnerable people. Humanitarian action Economic foundations Revenue & services Justice Legitimate politics Security Resilience 3. Build capacity and strengthen national institutions to deliver basic services Strengthening national systems for delivering basic services and enabling the state to be the primary provider of services will reduce the need for humanitarian aid over time. This includes working closely with line ministries, national non-governmental organizations and civil society, and local communities, in devising and implementing relief programmes and early warning systems, and ensuring that humanitarian organizations impart as much knowledge and capacity to national organizations as possible. An increased focus on national capacity will also improve accountability to affected communities, by improving the understanding of needs at the local level, and strengthening mechanisms for communication between communities and local and national authorities.

UNOCHA www.mgcswhadm.org (coming soon) www.unocha.org/south-sudan/ www.southsudancap.info/ Twitter: @OCHASouthSudan Facebook: UNOCHA South Sudan Cover Photo: Martine Perret/UNMISS