Name Class Period UNIT 2 CHAPTER 19 MAIN IDEA PACKET: Civil Liberties & Civil Rights AMERICAN GOVERNMENT CHAPTERS 19, 20 & 21 CIVIL LIBERTIES: FIRST AMENDMENT FREEDOMS Chapter 19 Section 1: The Unalienable Rights Many of the Constitution s amendments guarantee the rights of the individual against the power of government. Describe the difference between civil liberties and civil rights. CIVIL LIBERTIES CIVIL RIGHTS GRAPHIC SUMMARY: Guarantee of Freedom Important Liberty Amendment/ Court Decision 14 TH AMENDMENT S DUE PROCESS CLAUSE: No State shall deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law What does this mean? What did it change? PROCESS OF INCORPORATION 9 TH AMENDMENT The enumeration in the Constitution, of certain rights, shall not be construed to deny or disparage others retained by the people.
Am Gov UNIT 2 MAIN IDEA PACKET Page 2 Chapter 19 Section 2: Freedom of Religion The Constitution s 1 st Amendment guarantees religious freedom through the Establishment Clause and the Free Exercise Clause. Freedom of Expression & Religion from 1 st Amendment: Congress shall make no law respecting as establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances. United States Constitution GRAPHIC SUMMARY: Guarantees of Religious Freedom (Complete the graph by giving an example for each clause) 1st Amendment Establishment Clause Free Exercise Clause Prohibits an establishment of religion. Prohibits any arbitrary interference by government. Sets up a wall--or separation between church and state. Protects the right of an individual to believe -- but not act--as he or she wishes. Example: Example: Write a small paragraph to answer this question. (Write at least 4 sentences) Describe the restrictions placed on the freedom of religion.
Am Gov UNIT 2 MAIN IDEA PACKET Page 3 Chapter 19 Section 3: Freedom of Speech & Press While the 1 st and 14 th amendments give Americans the right to express ideas freely, the Constitution and the Supreme Court have put some limitations on free speech. GRAPHIC SUMMARY: The Rights of Freedom of Speech and the Press (Write out each description) PROTECTED BY THE CONSTITUTION NOT PROTECTED BY THE CONSTITUTION RIGHT DESCRIPTION RIGHT DESCRIPTION right to speak freely libel right to hear what others have to say slander symbolic speech seditious speech picketing obscenity reporters sources Write a paragraph to answer these questions. (Write at least 4 sentences) What could the government do if it were allowed prior restraint? What do you think about it?
Am Gov UNIT 2 MAIN IDEA PACKET Page 4 Chapter 19 Section 4: Freedom of Assembly & Petition The Constitution protects but limits the rights of Americans to gather peacefully to express their views and petition the government. GRAPHIC SUMMARY: Guarantees of Limits of Freedom of Assembly and Petition GUARANTEES The Constitution guarantees the right to assemble peacefully and to petition the government. Government may not make rules restricting what is said at assemblies. The guarantees of freedom of petition and assembly include a guarantee of association. Answer the following questions using the chart above. Do people have the right to assemble? LIMITS While assembling, people may not endanger life, property, or public order. Government may make rules on the time, place, and manner of assemblies. The Constitution does not give the right to assemble on private property. Who determines the time, place, and manner of assemblies? What is U.S. Constitution s stance on people assembling on private property? Write a paragraph to answer this question. (Write at least 4 sentences) Do you agree or disagree with the government limiting the freedom of assembly?
Am Gov UNIT 2 MAIN IDEA PACKET Page 5 CHAPTER 20 CIVIL LIBERTIES: PROTECTING INDIVIDUAL RIGHTS Chapter 20 Section 1: Due Process of Law In observing due process of law, the government must act fairly and in accord with established rules. GRAPHIC SUMMARY: Due Process The 5th Amendment - provides that the Federal Government cannot deprive any person of life, liberty, or property. Procedural Due Process - The methods of government action. DUE PROCESS The 14th Amendment - provides that State (and local) governments cannot deprive any persons of life, liberty, or property. Substantive Due Process - The policies of government action. Answer these questions: (Write at least 3 sentences) Explain what is meant by due process. What is police power?
Am Gov UNIT 2 MAIN IDEA PACKET Page 6 Chapter 20 Section 2: Freedom and Security of the Person Several of the Constitutions provisions protect the rights of people to be free from physical restraints and to be secure in their persons and homes. GRAPHIC SUMMARY: The Security Amendments 2 nd Amendment Gives states the right to maintain militias; does not give individuals the right to keep and bear arms 3 rd Amendment Prohibits the unlawful quartering of soldiers in private homes 4 th Amendment Prevents unlawful searches and seizing of people of their property 13 th Amendment Ended slavery and involuntary servitude The 2 nd Amendment A well regulated Militia, being necessary to the security of a free State, the right of the people to keep and bear Arms, shall not be infringed. The Supreme Court has never accepted that this Amendment means each individual in allowed to keep arms. The Court has ruled that States have the right to regulate arms. Do you think the Supreme Court is interpreting this amendment correctly? Answer these questions after completing this sections reading. What is probable cause? What does the writs of assistance referring to? What is the exclusionary rule? Write a paragraph to answer the question. (Write at least 4 sentences) Do you agree the courts use of the exclusionary rule?
Am Gov UNIT 2 MAIN IDEA PACKET Page 7 Chapter 20 Section 3: Rights of the Accused The American judicial system presumes that any person accused of a crime is innocent until proven guilty, and the Constitution upholds the rights of the accused. GRAPHIC SUMMARY: Protections of the Accused (Complete the sections on this chart) LEGAL TERM DEFINITION PURPOSE writ of habeas corpus bill of attainder criminal law that applies to an act committed before its passage indictment prevents overzealous prosecutors from recklessly charging people with crimes formal accusation brought by a grand jury on its own motion allows grand jury to act when a prosecutor has some interest in not prosecuting double jeopardy bench trial the defendant always has the right to a jury trial, but that may be waived if the defendant is fully aware of his or her rights To prevent the police from coercing confessions or self- incriminating testimony from uniformed suspects
Am Gov UNIT 2 MAIN IDEA PACKET Page 8 Chapter 20 Section 4: Punishment In addressing the issue of punishment for crime, the 8 th Amendment forbids excessive bail and cruel and unusual punishment. GRAPHIC SUMMARY: Protections in Punishment of Crimes Federal judges may order preventive detention. No Excessive or unreasonably high bail. 8 th Amendment offers protection for those being punished for crimes. No cruel or unusual punishment. Supreme Court allows capital punishment if applied fairly Write a paragraph in order to answer the question. (Write at least 4 sentences) Describe treason in detail.
Am Gov UNIT 2 MAIN IDEA PACKET Page 9 CHAPTER 21 CIVIL RIGHTS: EQUAL JUSTICE UNDER LAW Chapter 21 Section 1: Diversity and Discrimination in American Society While the United States has struggled to meet the constitutional ideal of equality for all, members of ethnic minorities and women have faced discrimination. GRAPHIC SUMMARY: Heterogeneous American Society Complete this chart. (Be careful to check each vocab word has both a definition & example) Definition: A society made up of people from different backgrounds. Heterogeneous Society Immigrants Example: The United States is a heterogeneous society, composed of whites, Native Americans, and many other ethnic groups. Definition: Example: Many African, Asian, and Hispanic immigrants reside in the United States. Definition: People who leave their homes to seek protection from war, persecution, or some other danger. Example: Definition: The process by which people of one culture merge into and become part of another culture. Example: Discrimination Definition: Example: Write a paragraph in order to answer the question. (Write at least 4 sentences) In what ways have women been discriminated against in the United States?
Am Gov UNIT 2 MAIN IDEA PACKET Page 10 Chapter 21 Section 2: Equality Before the Law Federal law now includes safeguards to protect Americans from discrimination on the basis of race or sex. Describe the difference between de jure segregation and de facto segregation. DE JURE SEGREGATION DE FACTO SEGREGATION GRAPHIC SUMMARY: Path to Equality Before the Law 1868: 14th Amendment guarantees equal protection under the law to all Americans 1896: Supreme Court makes separate- but- equal doctrine constitutional. 1954: Supreme Court strikes down separate- but- equal doctrine, and integration begins. 1964: Civil Rights Act forbids the federal funding of State or local activities that support racial segregation. Present: De facto segregation continues in many communities. Most laws that treat women differently from men have been successfully challenged in court. Answer the questions using the chart above? In what year did the Supreme Court rule in favor the segregated or separate- but equal schools? What constitutional amendment guarantees equal treatment under the law?
Am Gov UNIT 2 MAIN IDEA PACKET Page 11 Chapter 21 Section 3: Federal Civil Rights Laws Federal laws passed in the 1950s and 1960s began the challenge against long- standing discrimination. Describe the difference between affirmative action and reverse discrimination. AFFIRMATIVE ACTION REVERSE DISCRIMINATION Write a paragraph in order to answer the question. (Write at least 4 sentences) Do you think Las Vegas should have a law that requires employers to have the workforce reflect the general make- up of the population? Write a paragraph in order to answer the question. (Write at least 4 sentences) Describe a time when you were (or you saw someone being) discriminated.
Am Gov UNIT 2 MAIN IDEA PACKET Page 12 Chapter 21 Section 4: American Citizenship People can receive American citizenship through birth, from their parents, or through the naturalization process. GRAPHIC SUMMARY: Immigration Policy (FINISH THIS CHART) CHANGES IN U.S. IMMIGRATION POLICY DATE POLICY FEATURES Independence 1880 s 1882 1921-1929 Open Frontier Immigration Acts of 1921, 1924, and the National Origins Act of 1929 Severely limited immigration from Asia Modified quotas to cover all countries outside Western Hemisphere 1965 Immigration Act of 1965 Immigration Act of 1990 GRAPHIC SUMMARY: Ways of Gaining and Losing American Citizenship by birth - jus soli, or law of soil - jus sanguinis, or law of the blood Gain American Citizenship by naturalization by expatriation Lose American Citizenship by denaturalization