Name: Per: The Gilded Age/Progressivism Power Point Notes Introduction: Something gilded has a golden exterior covering a base or ugly metal on the inside. Some considered the development of the United States after the Civil War to be beautiful on the outside. However, the gold hid ugly problems underneath the expanding prosperity and power of the United States. For this reason, the time period after Reconstruction was known as The Age or the _ Era. Progressivism is the belief that the U.S. needed improvements in immigration, industrialization, and urbanization. I. Waves of Immigration Years Numb ers Where they came from 1815-1860 Before Civil War 1865-1890 Reconstr uction and Late 1800s 1890-1914 Pre- World War I Mainly from _,, _, _ and other places in Northwestern Europe Mainly from Europe. Immigration before the 1880s was known as the immigration From _ and Europe: Austro-Hungarian, Turkish, Lithuanian, Russian, (a Religious group), Greek, Italian and Romanian Immigration after the 1880s was known as the immigration 1. Where did most immigrants come from in 1900? List two countries a. b. 2. Where did most immigrants come from in 1920? List three countries a. b. c. 3a. Immigration 1820-1980: In what year did the most immigrants come to the U.S (almost 9 people)? Power Point Notes 1
b. What happened to immigration between 1900 and 1930? 4a. Why did many immigrants come by steerage? b. What were conditions like? 5. In what states were the two main immigration centers and what were they called? a. b. 6a. In 1900, the total population was only 76,212 and _._% (10,445) were foreign born. b. In 1990, the total population was 248,710 and _._% (19,767) were foreign born. 7. Chart: Immigration and Emigration by Decade: 1901-90 a. How many people came to the U.S. between 1901 and 1990? b. How many people left the country between 1901 and 1990? c. What was the total amount of people gained between 1901 and 1990? d. In what years did more people leave that enter the U.S? e. Can you speculate as to why they left? 8. Immigration from 1820-1996. Top 10 countries immigrants came from totaling 63,140,227 from all countries 7,142,393 Canada 4,423,066 5,542,625 Former Soviet Union 3,752,811 Italy 5,427,298 Austria 1,841,068 United Kingdom 5,225,701 Hungary 1,673,579 Ireland 4,778,159 1,379,403 9. What city in 1910 had the highest number of foreign born in 1910? 10a. Did the majority of foreign live in rural or urban areas in 1910? b. Why? Power Point Notes 2
II. Urbanization & the Industrialization: The Growth of Cities and Factories 11. Name the 9 modern cities with a population over 1 : a. b. c. d. e. f. g. h. i. 12. What helped fuel urban growth? *(Coal, wheat, cattle, minerals). They were turned into finished products. Cities near sources of raw materials grew the faster after the civil war. Cities such as Pittsburg which was located near coal deposits, Minneapolis near wheat sources and Omaha near cattle ranches were examples of geographic location stimulating urban growth. 13. Give one reason Pittsburg became an industrial city. 14. Why was Henry Bessemer important? 15. What was Elisha Otis s invention and what did it allow to happen? 16. Louis Sullivan was known for..? 17a. Where did new immigrants tend to move to? b. While Americans believed in Americanization of immigrants, some new immigrants did not want to fully assimilate into American culture. Why did some immigrant groups send their children to parochial schools? 18a. Who typically worked in the immigrant family? b. Since education was not compulsory, what did most children do? Power Point Notes 3
19. List and explain problems brought about by the growth of population in the cities. i) ii) Describe the environment (living conditions) in cities iii) What are some diseases that spread? 20. Who discovered the cause of yellow fever? What was the cause? III. Responses to Immigration: One reason Americans wanted to stop immigration was economic reasons. They felt immigrants would work for less money and take away jobs from Americans. Another is religious reasons: Catholics and Jews suffered the most prejudice and resentment from native born Americans. Americans feared the new immigrants would never become real Americans. 21a. : Hostility to immigrants from - Americans. The Know-Nothing Party (political party) in the U.S. that ran on a platform of stopping immigration (by cutting down in half), in mid-1850s. b. American Association: Anti- group that had over 1 members by 1894. c. _ Act (1882) the only act passed to target a specific group and deny entry to the United States. Renewal of the Act banned this group for 61 years. 22. Changes through Urbanization still prominent in our lives today: Power Point Notes 4
a. Joseph Pulitzer and William Randolph Hearst were both masters of _ which uses exaggeration and lies to increase sells of newspapers and magazines. b. Newspapers and grew rapidly because of the need for advertising and improve postal service c. : businesses with more than one location also grew. As a result, became a form of recreation. d. also started in the late 1800s which help create a _. Refrigerators were created but they were called an _. e. machines were created to allow cheap mass production of newspapers and advertising. f. rapidly grew in the late 19 th century to educate workers, voters and teach immigrants English. rates increased from 80% in 1870 to 92% in 1910. Why do you think these rates were so low for Blacks in the 1870s? g. Due to many new inventions, Americans began to have time. 23. What caused a demand for better roads? 24. Circuses became popular. Who was Tom Thumb? Power Point Notes 5