The Industrial Revolution: England s Cities The factory system changes the way people live and work, introducing a variety of problems.
Last class: Industrial Revolution Industrialization The Industrial Revolution began in Great Britain
What to know: How did industrialization in England affect population movement? What were effects of industrialization? How did tensions grow between the middle and working class? What were the positive effects of Industrial Revolution?
How did industrialization in England affect population movement?
British Population Moves to the Cities Britain s richest coal fields are in the central and northern regions of the country. This geographic fact caused a major shift in Britain s population between 1750 and 1850. Coal was found to be the most efficient way to power the new steam engine. As a result, many new industries and factories moved to be near the sources of energy. Soon, coal-fired steam engines powered the iron foundries, textile factories, and railroads of northern Britain. Industrialization also required a large labor force. The enclosure movement, in which wealthy landowners bought out small farms and forced these people out of their livelihood, provided a ready supply of workers. As a result, masses of people moved to the industrial cities to find jobs.
1. Of the cities shown on the bar graph, which one had the largest population increase between 1760 and 1881? the smallest? Liverpool; Nottingham
2. What mode of transportation did all English companies have to have in order to transport their goods to Europe? They must have a fleet of ships.
3. Which two cities appear to have missed out on the Industrial Revolution in England? Which one probably even lost population between 1750 and 1850? Plymouth and Norwich; Plymouth
4. Where was most of the English population living in 1750? in 1850? What caused this major population shift? Most of the people in 1750 live in the south and west of England. In 1850 they move to the north and west. The enclosure movement caused many to move to cities for employment in factories.
5. If you are a factory owner in Sheffield and your workers have just completed an order of clothes, about how many miles would you have to travel to sell them in London? 150 miles
6. What is the approximate total population of the five cities on the chart in 1760? How much did that total population increase by 1881? 205,000 The population grew by approximately 1,355,000.
7. Why do you think it is important for factories and mills to be near their sources of energy? The people who owned the factories wanted to be near the source of energy because it saved them time and money. They did not have to transport the coal to their factories over great distances. The coal simply had to be carried into the factories right from the mines.
Effects of Industrialization: Industrialization Changes Life Factory Work Factories pay more than farms Demands for more expensive goods
Effects of Industrialization: Industrialization Changes Life Industrial Cities Rise Urbanization city-building and movement of people to cities Growing population provides work force, market for factory goods British industrial cities; London, Birmingham, Manchester
Effects of Industrialization: Industrialization Changes Life Living Conditions Sickness widespread; epidemics like cholera, sweep urban slums Wealthy merchants, factory owners live in luxurious suburban homes Rapidly growing cities lack sanitary codes, building codes Cities also without adequate housing, education, police protection
Cholera contaminated water Type O blood most susceptible, Type AB most resistant diaherria Treat by aggressive rehydration and antibiotics 1829-1875 several outbreaks in England and Europe
Effects of Industrialization: Industrialization Changes Life Working Conditions Average working day 14 hours for 6 days a week, year round Dirty, poorly lit factories injure workers Many coal miners killed by coal dust
Describe the feeling of this painting
Manchester from the Cliff, Higher Broughton [detail] (William Wyld)
Exit Ticket Question 1 Describe 3 effects of Industrialization.
How did tensions grow between the classes? The Middle Class (MC) Consisted of skilled workers, merchants, rich farmers professionals Emerging MC looked down on by landowners, aristocrats MC has comfortable standard of living
How did tensions grow between the classes? The Working Class laborer s lives not improved; some laborers replaced by machines Luddites, other groups destroy machinery that puts them out of work Unemployment a serious problem; unemployed workers riot
Luddites Ned Ludd leader Protest movement of British Textile artisans Destroyed sewing machines in factories Felt industrialization threatened their livelihood
Exit Ticket Question 2 Describe a difference between the middle class and the working class.
Positive Effects of the Industrial Revolution Immediate Benefits Creates Jobs, enriches nation, encourages technological progress Education Expands, clothing cheaper, diet and housing improve Workers eventually win shorter hours, better wages and conditions
Positive Effects of the Industrial Revolution Long-Term effects Improved living conditions and working conditions still evident today Governments use increased tax revenues for urban improvements
Exit Ticket 3 Describe one long-term and one short term positive effect of the Industrial Revolution.
Case Study: Manchester The Mills of Manchester Manchester has labor, water power, nearby port at Liverpool Poor live and work in Unhealthy, even dangerous environment Business owners make profits by risking their own money on factories Eventually, working class sees its standards of living rise some
1. About how old are the people in this picture? 2. Does this look safe? Why or why not?
Cripples in the Yard of the Children's Home in London
Case Study: Manchester Children in Manchester Factories Children as young as 6 work in factories; many injured 1819 Factory Act restricts working age, hours Factory pollution fouls air, poisons river However, Manchester produces consumer goods and creates wealth
Tomorrow: The spread of industrialism and how it affected the rest of the world!