Course: US History/Ms. Brown Homeroom: 7th Grade US History Standard # Do Now Day #88 Aims: SWBAT explain two conflicts the new government was faced with SWBAT explain Washington s idea of neutrality DO NOW Directions: Answer the following questions in complete and historically accurate sentences. You must attempt each question, there should be absolutely no blank spaces. Be sure to provide examples and evidence to support your answers. SKILL DRILL: Cause and Effect Last month Karen broke up with her boyfriend and was really sad. She stopped doing her school work and participating in class. On last week s progress report Karen s grade dropped by 20 points. She brought the report home to her mom and her mom grounded her. Karen was not allowed to watch T.V., talk on the phone, or go on the computer. Needless to say Karen was upset and she wanted her privileges back. She decided she would get her grades back up. She made up all her missed homework and study all week for her midterm. She found out yesterday that she got a 98. When she told her mom, her mom gave her privileges back. Hopefully Friday s progress report will be back to normal! List 2 causes of this scenario 1. 2. List 2 effects in this scenario 1. 2. 1
I. Overview Washington as President The most critical problem facing the new government was money. The national treasury was empty. Congress had the power to raise funds through taxes. But its members argued endlessly about what to tax any by how much. In 1791, Congress finally agreed to place an excise tax on whisky and other luxury goods, such as carriages. An excise tax is a tax on the production or sale of a product. 1. What was the most critical problem the new government was facing? 2. How did Congress decide to raise money for the national treasury? II. The Whisky Rebellion Settlers living west of the Appalachian Mountains howled in protest. Western farmers found it too costly to haul their grain across the mountains to sell in Eastern cities. Instead, they distilled their bulky wheat into whisky, which could be shipped more cheaply. Many farmers complained that the tax made their whisky too expensive, and refused to pay it. To end these protests, Congress lowered the excise tax in 1793. Most farmers began to pay up, but not the tax rebels of Western Pennsylvania. These Whisky Boys tarred and feathered tax collectors who tried to enforce the law. Hamilton and Washington saw the Whisky Rebellion The Whisky Rebellion was a serious challenge to the new as a threat to the authority of the national government. At Hamilton s urging, Washington led 13,000 state militia nation s ability to enforce its laws. When several hundred troops across the mountains to crush the rebels. Faced Whisky Boys refused to pay a with overwhelming force, the rebellion melted away. federal whisky tax, President Jefferson though that the idea of sending an army to Washington personally led catch a few tax rebels was foolish. Even worse, he 13,000 state militia troops to believed, Hamilton was prepared to violate people s put down the rebellion. liberties by using armed force to put down opposition to government policies. 2
1. What were the Pennsylvania farmers protesting? 2. How did the national government handle the situation? 3. What two groups were fighting in the West? 4. What was the effect of Washington sending an army to the Northwest Territory? III. The French Revolution When the French Revolution turned violent, and an endless stream of nobles was beheaded on the guillotine, many Americans withdrew their support for the revolution. Meanwhile the nation was caught up in a debate over events in France. In 1789, the French people rebelled against their king. The leaders of the French Revolution dreamed of building a nation based on Liberty, Equality, and Fraternity, or brotherhood. Three years later, France became a republic and declared a war of all peoples against kings. Many Americans were thrilled by the French Revolution This was especially true of Jefferson and his followers, who began calling themselves Democratic-Republicans, or simply Republicans. The Republicans saw the French Revolution as part of a great crusade for democracy. In time, news from France caused supporters of the revolution to think again. Cheered on by the angry mobs, France s revolutionary government began lopping off the heads of wealthy nobles. Some 20,000 men, women and children were killed. Hamilton and his followers, who called themselves Federalists, were appalled by the bloodshed. Many Federalists themselves well-off. After hearing about the fate of wealthy families in France, they began to finger their own necks, wondering whether such terrors could happen in the United States. Behold France, warned one Federalist, an open hell in which we see perhaps our own future. 3
As war erupted between France and Great Britain, Washington decided his foreign policy strategy would be that the United States remain neutral in the conflict. Jay s Treaty with Great Britain officially declaring their neutrality. 1. Why did most Americans support the French Revolution at first? 2. Why did support for the French Revolution decrease over time? 3. What was the Federalists opinion about the French Revolution? Explain IV. Document Analysis George Washington s Farewell Address...The great rule of conduct for us in regard to foreign nations is, in extending our commercial relations, to have with them as little political connection as possible. So far as we have already formed engagements let them be fulfilled with perfect good faith. Here let us stop.... Our detached and distant situation invites and enables us to pursue a different course.... Why, by interweaving our destiny with that of any part of Europe, entangle our peace and prosperity in the toils of European ambition, rivalship, interest, humor, or caprice [whim]? It is our true policy to steer clear of permanent alliances with any portion of the foreign world.... George Washington s Farewell Address, 1796 Next page 4
1. Our detached and distant situation invites and enables us to pursue a different course. What do you think George Washington meant by this statement? 2. According to this document, what United States foreign policy did President George Washington favor (or prefer)? V. Wrap Up Whisky rebellion showed America s involvement in the French Revolution was ended by In Washington s farewell address, Washington warned America This idea is called 5
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HOMEWORK /10 Mastered/Passing/Not Mastered I. Vocabulary 1. Neutral - Use the word neutral in a sentence: II. Daily Review 1. What was Washington s response to the war between England and France? 2. What did Washington warn against in his Farewell Address? 7
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EXIT TICKET /5 Mastered/Passing/Not Mastered 1. In his farewell address, George Washington recommended the United States use a. Alliances b. Neutrality c. Mercantilism d. Union with other nations 2. Which document ended the United States involvement in the French Revolution? a. Treaty of Paris b. Treaty of Versailles c. Jay s Treaty d. Washington s Treaty 3. George Washington adapted the Executive Branch by a. Increasing his powers b. Creating the Cabinet c. Developing political parties d. Changing the court system 4. Dealing with foreign countries in the main responsibility of the a. Secretary of State b. Secretary of Treasury c. Secretary of War d. Attorney General 9