OBSAH ÚVOD DO ŠTÚDIA DEJÍN EKONOMICKÝCH TEÓRIÍ...10 1. MYSLENIE DO VZNIKU EKONÓMIE AKO VEDY...11 1.1. Myslenie starovekého Grécka a Ríma...11 1.2. Ekonomické myslenie stredoveku...13 1.3. Merkantilizmus...14 1.4. Fyziokratizmus...17 2. KLASICKÁ EKONÓMIA...19 2.1. Adam Smith...19 2.2. Ďalší predstavitelia klasickej ekonómie...21 2.2.1. David Ricardo...22 2.2.2. Thomas Robert Malthus...23 2.2.3. Jean Baptiste Say...23 2.2.4. John Stuart Mill...24 3. HISTORICKÁ ŠKOLA...25 3.1. Friedrich List...25 3.2. Staršia historická škola...26 3.3. Mladšia historická škola...27 4. SOCIALISTICKÉ TEÓRIE...30 4.1. Utopický socializmus do 19. storočia...30 4.2. Utopickí socialisti 19. storočia...31 4.3. Karl Marx...32 5. MARGINÁLNE TEÓRIE NEOKLASICKÁ EKONÓMIA...35 5.1. Pôvod a podstata marginálneho prístupu...35 5.2. Rakúska škola...36 5.3. William St. Jevons...38 5.4. Lausannská škola...39 5.4.1. Leon Walras...40 5.4.2. Vilfredo Pareto...41 5.5. Cambridgeská škola...43 5.5.1. Alfred Marshall...43 5.5.2. John Bates Clark...46 5.5.3. Ekonómia blahobytu...47 3
6. INŠTITUCIONALIZMUS...49 6.1. Charakteristika inštitucionalizmu...49 6.2. Dva smery inštitucionalizmu...50 6.2.1. Thorstein Veblen...50 6.2.2. John Rogers Commons...50 6.3. Ďalší vývoj inštitucionalizmu...51 6.4. John Kenneth Galbraith...53 6.5. Nová inštitucionálna ekonómia...53 7. J. A. SCHUMPETER A NEORAKÚSKA ŠKOLA...55 7.1. Joseph Alois Schumpeter...55 7.2. Neorakúska škola...56 7.2.1. Ludwig von Mises...56 7.2.2. Friedrich August von Hayek...57 8. ORDOLIBERALIZMUS...60 8.1. Charakteristika ordoliberalizmu...60 8.2. Walter Eucken...61 8.3. Sociálno-trhové hospodárstvo...61 9. KEYNESOVA EKONOMICKÁ TEÓRIA...63 9.1. Podstata Keynesovho učenia...63 9.2. Teória efektívneho dopytu...64 9.3. Význam investícií...65 9.4. Úroková miera a preferencia likvidity...66 9.5. Štátne intervencie do ekonomiky...67 10. VÝVOJ KEYNESOVSKEJ EKONÓMIE OD 40. ROKOV...68 10.1. Neokeynesovstvo...68 10.1.1. Neoklasická syntéza...68 10.1.2. Model IS LM...69 10.1.3. Teória portfólia a Phillipsova krivka...70 10.2. Teórie ekonomického rastu...71 10.2.1. Keynesovské modely rastu...71 10.2.2. Neoklasické modely rastu...72 10.3. Nová keynesovská ekonómia...73 10.4. Postkeynesovská ekonómia...74 11. NEOKONZERVATÍVNE EKONOMICKÉ TEÓRIE...76 11.1. Kríza keynesovstva a rozvoj neokonzervatívnych teórií...76 4
11.2. Chicagska škola...77 11.3. Monetarizmus...78 11.4. Nová klasická makroekonómia...80 11.5. Ekonómia strany ponuky...82 11.6. Teória verejnej voľby...83 ZÁVER...85 LITERATÚRA...86 SUMMARY...89 5
CONTENTS INTRODUCTION TO STUDYING THE HISTORY OF ECONOMIC THOUGHT...10 1. PRESCIENTIFIC ECONOMIC THOUGHT...11 1.1. Ancient Rome and Ancient Greece...11 1.2. Economic Thought of Middle-Ages...13 1.3. Mercantilism...14 1.4. Physiocracy...17 2. CLASSICAL ECONOMICS...19 2.1. Adam Smith...19 2.2. Other Authors of the Classical Economics...21 2.2.1. David Ricardo...22 2.2.2. Thomas Robert Malthus...23 2.2.3. Jean Baptiste Say...23 2.2.4. John Stuart Mill...24 3. THE HISTORICAL SCHOOL...25 3.1. Friedrich List...25 3.2. Older Historical School...26 3.3. Younger Histrical School...27 4. THE SOCIALIST CONCEPTS...30 4.1. Utopian Socialism Before the 19 th Century...30 4.2. Utopian Socialists of the 19 th Century...31 4.3. Karl Marx...32 5. MARGINAL THEORIES NEOCLASSICAL ECONOMICS...35 5.1. Origin and Nature of Marginal Approach...35 5.2. Austrian School...36 5.3. William Stanley Jevons...38 5.4. Lausanne School...39 5.4.1. Léon Walras...40 5.4.2. Vifredo Pareto...41 5.5. Cambridge School...43 5.5.1. Alfred Marshall...43 5.5.2. John Bates Clark...46 5.5.3. Welfare Economics...47 6
6. INSTITUTIONALISM...49 6.1. Characteristics of Institutionalism...49 6.2. Two Streams of Institutionalism...50 6.2.1. Thorstein Veblen...50 6.2.2. John Rogers Commons...50 6.3. Further Developments of Institutionalism...51 6.4. John Kenneth Galbraith...53 6.5. New Institutional Economics...53 7. J A. SCHUMPETER AND THE NEOAUSTRIAN SCHOOL...55 7.1. Joseph Alois Schumpeter...55 7.2. Neo-Austrian School...56 7.2.1. Ludwig von Mises...56 7.2.2. Friedrich August Hayek...57 8. ORDOLIBERALISM...60 8.1. The Main Features of Ordoliberalism...60 8.2. Walter Eucken...61 8.3. Social Market Economy...61 9. KEYNESIAN ECONOMIC THEORY...63 9.1. The Fundamentals of Keynes Theory...63 9.2. Theory of Effective Demand...64 9.3. The Importance of Investments...65 9.4. Interest Rate and Liquidity Preference...66 9.5. State Interventions Into Economy...67 10. DEVELOPMENT OF KEYNESIAN ECONOMICS AFTER 1940...68 10.1. Neo-Keynesianism...68 10.1.1. Neoclassical Synthesis...68 10.1.2. IS LM Model...69 10.1.3. Portfolio Theory and Phillips Curve...70 10.2. Theories of Economic Growth...71 10.2.1. Keynesian growth models...71 10.2.2. Neoclassical Growth Models...72 10.3. New Keynesian Economics...73 10.4. Post-Keynesian Economics...74 11. NEOCONSERVATIVE ECONOMIC THEORIES...76 11.1. Crisis of Neo-Keynesianism and Emerging Neo-Conservative Theories...76 7
11.2. Chicago School...77 11.3. Monetarism...78 11.4. New Classical Macroeconomics...80 11.5. Supply Side Economics...82 11.6. Public Choice Theory...83 CONCLUSION...85 REFERENCES...86 SUMMARY...89 8