Chapter 4 Culture & Currents of Thought

Chapter 4 Culture & Currents of Thought Section 4: The Contemporary Period (1867-NOW) Part : Feminism, Cooperatism, Aboriginalism & Neoliberalism

Feminism Ideology that promotes and supports equal rights for women/sexual equality An idea that has been promoted in Canada since the late 1800s An idea that is still defended today Many individuals and groups have helped women gain the same rights as men

Feminism Late 1800s/early 1900s: Women were viewed as minors No right to vote or run for political offices Needed consent (from fathers or husbands) to do a lot of things Women did not have the same right to education as men for a long time Many womens rights groups fought these injustices Groups also fought for better public health and sanitation for children

Feminism Goutte de Lait clinic Montreal 1910 Public Bath, Le Genereux Montreal 1927

Feminism Feminism 1960s onwards Some Demands for: Equal work should mean equal pay Rights to equal education Rights to involvement in the political sphere Access to a daycare system for working women Right to choose (Abortion)

Feminism People who represented Feminism: Irma Levasseur: first female medical specialist in Quebec Therese Casgrain: led the womans suffrage movement in Quebec in 1920s and fought to help women gain the right to vote in Quebec in 1940 Nellie McClung: fought for the right for women to be part of the Canadian Senate in the late 1920s Marie Claire Kirkland-Casgrain: First female member of the Quebec government (MNA) Women s right organizations such as the Fédération des femmes du Québec (FFQ, Quebec Women's Fédération)

Irma Levasseaur Marie Claire Kirkland-Casgrain Therese Casgrain

Feminism How was feminism expressed? Protests Formation of womens rights groups Literature (pamphlets, magazines, etc.) Women gaining the right to vote in federal and provincial elections Women being elected into political offices (Marie Claire Kirkland-Casgrain) Female led protests Bread and Roses March in 1995 raising awareness for poverty in Quebec

Feminism Pro choice protests: 2015 Quebec (top left) 1960s Toronto (bottom left) Mock Parliament play 1914 with only women

Important event: Bread & Roses March 1995 March to create awareness of poverty in Quebec Organized by Federation des femmes du Quebec (FFQ) 800 women marched from Montreal to Quebec City to protest Feminism

Feminism Bread and Roses protest march in 1995 led by women

Background Late 1800s-early 1900s Farming techniques were modernizing French Canadien farms could not always keep up/buying new equipment was expensive Large banks didn t always lend money to smaller businesses like family run farms

Cooperatism An economic system that promotes the pooling (sharing) of resources (money) Management of resources is shared Profits can be shared Example: Les Producteurs de Lait du Quebec different milk producers in Quebec help each other out/ one organization help coordinate buyers, etc.

Cooperatisim People that represent Cooperatism Alphonse & Dorimene Desjardins: Started Desjardins bank (Caisses Populaires Desjardins) Started Desjardins co-op in late 1800s Didn t like unfair loans to farmers in Quebec The Union Catholiques des cultivateurs group of farmers in the early 1900s that shared resources and helped each other market agricultural products Esdras Minville: Quebec intellectual that promoted co-ops in Quebec

Cooperatisim Alphonse & Dorimene Desjardins: Late 1800s tired of banks taking advantage of French Canadien farmers Started first Caisse Populaire in Levis Quebec Farmers could join by investing their money with the Caisse Populaire & saving the money with the organization The organization used the savings accounts of it s members to invest to help modernize the farmer of it s members Profits made after investments would go back to all the members

Cooperatism Alphonse Desjardins (middle) & Dorimene Desjardins (Right) early 1900s

Cooperatisim How was cooperatism expressed? Laws were created to allow co-ops to operate in Quebec Cooperative Syndicates Act (1906) The creation of Co-ops in the province of Quebec (Desjardins, etc.)

Cooperatisim Alphonse Desjardins house built in 1883 in Levis, Quebec It is now a historical site

Neoliberalism An economic IDEOLOGY that advocates laissezfaire economics Free market approach If a company does well GOOD! If a company does not do well TOO BAD, SO SAD! Government should not get involved in economy Government should reduce spending to lower taxes paid by citizens International trade & competition NAFTA

Neoliberalism Groups that represent neoliberalism: Multinational corporations (BIG COMPANIES) Certain political groups (Conservatives in Canada) Advocates of free trade (like NAFTA)

Neoliberalism UBISOFT Montreal: a multinational videogame company

Neoliberalism Groups that oppose neoliberalism: Socialists: social welfare groups, workers rights groups, environmental groups, etc.

Neoliberalism How is neoliberalism expressed? Companies prospering/doing well Signing of FREE TRADE agreements North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) in 1994 Canada, USA, Mexico can trade certain good/resources with minimal or no tariffs

Neoliberalism Signing of NAFTA in 1994: Right: (standing)prime Minister Brian Mulroney (Canada) Middle: (standing) President George Bush Senior (USA) Left: (standing) President Carlos Salinas de Gortari (Mexico)

Aboriginalism An IDEOLOGY that promotes the respect and preservation of aborigional peoples culture(s), language(s) and tradition(s) Respect for the needs of First Nations communities within Canada safe places to live, clean drinking water, access to essential services (healthcare)

Aboriginalism People that represent aboriginalism: Elisapie Issac: Inuit Singer, broadcaster and documentary film director Alanis Obomsawin Abinaki documentary film maker who focused on first nations issues Jean Luc Hervieux Cree artist (painting/sculpture)

Aboriginalism Elisapie Issac Alanis Obomsawin Jean Luc Hervieux

Aboriginalism How is aboriginalism expressed? Aboriginal cultural activities (Inuit throat singing, Festivals, Arctic Games) Protests at Parliament Hill in Ottawa First Nations symbolism Iroquois Confederacy flag / Hiawatha belt First Nations artwork

Aboriginalism Idle No More Protest Ottawa Arctic Games High Kicking Competition Arctic Games link Arctic Games link 2

Aboriginalism 5 figures on the flag representing the 5 original members of the Iroquois Confederacy: Seneca, Cayugas, Onondaga, Oneida and Mohawk

Connections to the Progressions of learning