Review of migration and development policies and programmesand their impact on economic and social development, and identification of relevant priorities in view of the preparation of the post-2015 development framework Item 4 of the Provisional Agenda
Members of the Thematic Working Group on International Migration Including Human Trafficking ESCAP, co-chair ILO IOM, co-chair OCHA OHCHR UNAIDS UNDP UNESCO UNFPA UNHCR UNIAP UNICEF UNODC UN Women WHO World Bank Outline International migration and the United Nations development framework beyond 2015 Key features of international migration in Asia and the Pacific Gender aspects Social impacts International agreements Key areas for action and cooperation
International migration and the United Nations development framework beyond 2015 Migration can be viewed in terms of the contributions to development that it makes in both countries of origin and host countries. Migrants can be viewed as the subjects of development: enjoyment of rights, decent work, access to services. Key features of international migration in Asia and the Pacific Largest flows are of temporary migrant workers Regulated by governments but carried out by private agencies Prevalence of irregular migration Variation in gender dimensions Many types of migrants: highly-skilled, marriage migrants, international students, asylum seekers, refugees, displaced persons, stateless
Source: Aguniasand Aghazaram, IOM, 2012. Remittances, selected countries, 2011 (World Bank) Country Volume US$ million % of GDP Bangladesh 11,997 9.6 China 62,497 0.8 India 63,663 3.0 Indonesia 6,924 1.0 Nepal 4,070 20.0 Pakistan 12,264 4.8 Philippines 22,974 10.7 Samoa 129 22.5 Thailand 3,994 0.9 Viet Nam 8,600 5.1
Selected initiatives to curb irregular migration Malaysia, 6-Programme: registration, amnesty, legalization, enforcement, monitoring and deportation Republic of Korea: Employment Permit System Thailand: registration, memoranda of understanding, nationality verification Gender aspects of international migration Percentage of official deployments Indonesia 64 Philippines 55 Sri Lanka 48 Thailand 18 Bangladesh 5 Gender issues: Protection from abuse Stereotyping of occupations High proportion in domestic work Impacts on family
Social impacts of international migration Gender roles International marriage Migrant children and children of migrants Separated families Multi-culturalism Transnational communities Nationality issues Main international agreements on international migration ICPD Programme of Action, 1994 ILO Convention Concerning Migration for Employment, 1949 (No. 97) International Convention on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of their Families, 1990 (2003) ILO Multilateral Framework on LabourMigration: Non-binding principles and guidelines for a rights-based approach to labour migration, 2006 ILO Convention Concerning Decent Work for Migrant Workers, 2011 (no. 189) ASEAN Declaration on the Protection and Promotion of the Rights of Migrant Workers, 2007 Bilateral memoranda of understanding
Key areas for action and cooperation: Strategic approaches Prepare a comprehensive migration policy document Mainstream international migration into development plans Adhere to the principles of key international agreements Involve stakeholders in policy formulation Improve sex-disaggregated data collection, dissemination and analysis Pursue multilateral approaches Key areas for action and cooperation: Thematic areas (1) Make recruitment of migrant workers more efficient Improve the skill level of migrant workers being deployed Ensure greater protection of migrant workers Reduce irregular migration Emphasize gender issues
Key areas for action and cooperation: Thematic areas (2) Promote access by all migrants to fundamental economic, social and cultural rights, including health, education and housing Incorporate the families of migrants into migration policies Improve the flow of remittances and their use Enhance the benefits obtained from return migration, the diaspora and circular migration Minimize forced or unplanned migration resulting from environmental change Thank you for your kind attention!