Urban Systems III: Globalization, International Migration, and Contemporary Cities Ariane Chebel d Appollonia (SPAA) arianecd@rutgers.edu Thursday 5:30 to 8:10 PM Office hours: Thursday 2:00 to 5:00 PM Course description This course seeks to address the complex relationship between globalization, immigration, and urbanization. Globalization has generated major changes in human flows and functions of cities. These changes have taken many forms: a new global hierarchy of urban migrant destinations has taken shape in every region around the world; immigration has affected the composition and the role of the cities; urban life has transformed migrants into new urban ethnic communities facing both various forms of discrimination and opportunities to assimilate. As a result, new forms of urban governance have emerged. In analyzing these various interrelated trends, this course is divided into four sections. - The first one consists of a presentation of the main concepts, followed by an overview of the main theoretical perspectives on globalization, immigration, and urbanization. This section also addresses the current effects of globalization on urbanization, as well as patterns of migrant settlement. - The second section is devoted to various empirical case studies (from Europe, Africa, Asia, and the Americas) illustrating the challenges raised by urban diversity with a focus on modes of migrant spatial incorporation, transnational communities, multiculturalism in an urban environment, and new modes of belonging in the cities. - The third section addresses crucial urban issues, such as urban racism, social/spatial discrimination, urban violence, and new urban (in)security policies. - The fourth section seeks to provide a critical examination of urban governance (both global and local). The course s objectives are to establish a solid foundation in the literature on Globalization, urbanization, and immigration; develop greater analytical agility in applying theoretical material to a wide array of recent cases; and expand proficiency in communicating concepts through weekly class participation as well as the presentation and the final research paper. Readings 1
This course requires reading a number of journal articles and selected chapters from books. The recommended readings are listed for the convenience of those who wish to pursue a particular topic in more depth, especially for the purpose of the in-class presentation. All the readings will be available via blackboard. However, students are encouraged to use the Dana Library resources (on-line journals, database) for their own research, as well as some useful readers and edited volumes such as: - Jan Lin and Christopher Mele, The Urban Sociology Reader (London, NY: Routledge, 2005) - Mark Gottdiener and Ray Hutchison, The New Urban Sociology (Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 2011 fourth edition) - Kihato et al, Urban Diversity. Space, Culture and Inclusive Pluralism in Cities Worldwide (Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 2010) - Lisa Hanley et al, Immigration and Integration in Urban Communities (Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 2008) - Nina Glick Schiller and Ayse Caglar (eds.), Locating Migration: Rescaling Cities and Migrants (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 2011) Major assignments All the students are expected to come to each class session prepared to discuss the required readings. Each student will be requested to make an oral presentation (of about 15 minutes) from the subjects listed below. Students will be asked to present on one of these subjects in a given week. Each student will also have to write a research paper of about 25 pages (double space), based on the selected oral presentation topic. The research paper is due on December 19. Late papers will be penalized. Grading Student grades will be based on the oral presentation (30%) and the final research paper (50%). Regular attendance, careful reading, and active participation (based on required readings) are also taken into account (20%). 2
Part One: Global trends, key notions, and theoretical perspectives 1. Introduction Sept 5 - Research tools - Globalization, urbanization and immigration in the developed countries - Globalization, urbanization and immigration in the developing world 2. Urban sociology and migration studies Sept 12 - Traditional and new urban sociology - Theories of international migration - Theories of assimilation - Mark Gottdiener and Ray Hutchison, The New Urban Sociology, in The New Urban Sociology (Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 2011 fourth edition): 1-22. - Richard Alba and Victor Nee, Rethinking Assimilation Theory for a New Era of Immigration, International Migration Review 31/4 (Winter 1997): 826-874 - Douglas Massey et al, Theories of International Migration: A Review and Appraisal, in Anthony Messina and Gallya Lahav, The Immigration Reader (Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner Publishers, 2006): 34-62. - Robert Ezra Park, Human Ecology, in Jan Lin and Christopher Mele, The Urban Sociology Reader (London, NY: Routledge, 2005): 65-72. - Ernest W. Burgess, The Growth of the City, in Jan Lin and Christopher Mele, The Urban Sociology Reader (London, NY: Routledge, 2005): 73-81. - Peter Kivisto, What is the Canonical Theory of Assimilation?, Journal of the History of the Behavorial Sciences 40/2 (2004): 149-163. 3. Globalization and urban changes Sept 19 - Global cities, dual cities - Transnationalism and urbanization - Suburban characteristics - Agents of urban restructuring 3
- Mark Gottdiener and Ray Hutchison, Suburbanization, Globalization, and the Emergence of the Multicentered Region, in The New Urban Sociology (Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 2011 fourth edition): 123-154. - Jan Lin and Christopher Mele, The Urban Sociology Reader (Part 5): 219-274. - Robert A. Beauregard, When America Became Suburban (University of Minnesota Press, 2006): chapter 1 and chapter 2. - Kimberly Furdell et al, Did Central Cities Come Back? Which Ones, How Far, and Why?, Journal of Urban Affairs 27/3 (2005): 283-305. - Amitabh Kundu, Urbanization and Migration: An Analysis of Trend, Pattern and Policies in Asia (UNDP, 2009): 1-60. 4. Migration and cities Sept 26 - Patterns of migrant settlement - Urban migrants and urban governance - Plural cities Subject for oral presentation: Comparative perspective on migrant settlement (US/Europe, or developed/developing world) - Nina Glick Schiller and Ayse Caglar, Locality and Globality: Building a Comparative Analytical Framework in Migration and Urban Studies, in Nina Glick Schiller and Ayse Caglar (eds.), Locating Migration: Rescaling Cities and Migrants (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 2011): 60-81 - Michael Jones-Correa, Immigrant Incorporation in Suburbia : Spatial Sorting, Ethnic Mobilization and Receiving Institutions, in Lisa Hanley et al, Immigration and Integration in Urban Communities (Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 2008): 19-47. - AbdouMaliq Simone, Moving toward Uncertainty: Migration and the Turbulence of African Urban Life, Lisa Hanley et al, Immigration and Integration in Urban Communities (Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 2008): 123-142. 4
- Michael Poulsen et al, Plural Cities and Ethnic Enclaves: Introducing a Measurement Procedure for Comparative Study, International Journal of Urban and Regional Research 26/2 (June 2002): 229-243. - Chih Hoong Sin, The Politics of Ethnic Integration in Singapore: Malay Regrouping as an Ideological Construct, International Journal of Urban and Regional Research 27/3 (September 2003): 527-544. - Yasmeen Abu-Laban and Judith Garber, The Construction of the Geography of Immigration as a Policy Problem: The United States and Canada Compared, Urban Affairs Review 40 (2005): 520-561. Part Two: Urban diversity 5. Changing neighborhoods Oct 3 - Modes of migrant incorporation - Migrant gateways - Urban polarization Subject for oral presentation: Ethno-racial factors of urban diversity - Bela Feldman-Bianco, Remaking Locality: Uneven Globalization and Transmigrants unequal Incorporation, in Nina Glick Schiller and Ayse Caglar (eds.), Locating Migration: Rescaling Cities and Migrants (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 2011):213-234. - Mark Gottdiener and Ray Hutchison, Minority Settlement Patterns, Neighborhoods, and Communities in the Multicentered Metro Region in The New Urban Sociology (Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 2011 fourth edition): 185-208. - Christian Kesteloot, Alan Murie and Sako Musterd, European Cities: Neighbourhood Matters, in Sako Musterd, Alan Murie and Christian Kesteloot, Neighbourhoods of Poverty: Urban Social Exclusion and Integration in Europe (NY: Palgrave MacMillan, 2006): 219-238. Suggested readings : - Loren B. Landau, «Inclusion in Shifting Sands: Rethinking Mobility and Belonging in African Cities, in Caroline Wanjiku Kihato et al, Urban Diversity. Space, Culture and Inclusive Pluralism in Cities Worldwide (Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 2010): 169-186. 5
- Lex Velboer et al, The Diversified Neighborhood in Western Europe and the United States, Journal of International Migration and Integration 3/1 (Winter 2002): 41-64. - Allan M. Williams, International Migration, Uneven Regional Development and Polarization, European Urban and Regional Studies 16/3 (2009): 309-322. 6. Social capital and ethnic enclaves Oct 10 - Urban opportunity structures - Transnational communities Subject for oral presentation: Forms of social capital in the cities - Walter J. Nichols, The Urban Question Revisited: The Importance of Cities for Social Movements, International Journal of Urban and Regional Research (2008): 841-859. - Alan Murie and Sako Musterd, Social Exclusion and Opportunity Structures in European Cities and Neighborhoods, Urban Studies 41/5 (July 2004): 1441-1459. - Peter Kivisto, Social Spaces, Transnational Immigrant Communities, and the Politics of Incorporation, Ethnicities 3/1 (2003): 5-28. Selected readings: - Robert Putnam, E Pluribus Unum: Diversity and Community in the 21 st Century, Scandinavian Political Studies 30/2 (2007): 137-174. - Ceri Peach, Good Segregation, Bad Segregation, Planning Perspectives 11 (1996): 379-398. 7. Cultural aspects Oct 17 - Urban culture - Multiculturalism in urban environment Subject for oral presentation: Impact of urban life on the socio-cultural practices of minorities 6
- Ash Amin, Collective Culture and Urban Public Space, in Caroline Wanjiku Kihato et al, Urban Diversity. Space, Culture and Inclusive Pluralism in Cities Worldwide (Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 2010): 21-50. - Edgar Pieterse, Youth Culture and the Mediation of Racial Exclusion or Inclusion in Rio de Janeiro and Cape Town, in Caroline Wanjiku Kihato et al, Urban Diversity. Space, Culture and Inclusive Pluralism in Cities Worldwide (Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 2010):187-212. - David Ley, Postmulticulturalism? in Lisa Hanley et al, Immigration and Integration in Urban Communities (Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 2008): 177-196. - Alejandro Portes and Ruben G. Rumbaut, Religion: The Enduring Presence, in A Portrait of Immigrant America (Berkeley: University of California Press, 2006, third edition): 299-342. - Zana Vathi, Local identities, Identification and Incorporation of Albanian Immigrants in Florence, Working Paper 60 (Sussex Center for Migration Research, May 2010): 1-19. - Maykel Verkuyten and Borja Martinovic, Understanding Multicultural Attitudes: The Role of Group Status, Identification, Friendships and Justifying Ideologies, International Journal of Intercultural Relations 20 (2006): 1-18. 8. New modes of inclusion and belonging in the cities Oct 24 - Ethnic entrepreneurship - Urban citizenship - Inclusive/exclusive cities Subject for oral presentation: Political and economic incorporation of minorities in cities - Rijk van Dijk, Cities and the Social Construction of Hot Spots: Rescaling, Ghanaian Migrants, and the Fragmentation of Urban Spaces, in Nina Glick Schiller and Ayse Caglar (eds.), Locating Migration: Rescaling Cities and Migrants (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 2011): 104-122. -Seung-Jin Jang, Get Out on Behalf of Your Group: Electoral Participation of Latinos and Asian Americans, Political behavior 31 (2009): 511-535. - Antoine Pecoud, Turkish Entrepreneurship and Multiculturalism in Berlin, International Journal of Urban and Regional Research 26/3 (September 2002): 252-266. 7
- Romain Garbaye, Ethnic Minority Participation in British and French Cities: A Historicalinstitutionalist Perspective, International Journal of Urban and Regional Research 26/3 (September 2002): 555-570. - Wenda van der Laan Bouma-Doff, «Concentrating on Participation: Ethnic Concentration and Labor Market Participation of Four Ethnic Groups, Schmollers Jahrbuch 128 (2008): 153-173. - Dickson Eyoh, Urban Migrants and the Claims of Citizenship in Postcolonial Africa, in Lisa Hanley et al, Immigration and Integration in Urban Communities (Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 2008): 269-296. - Dan Rodrigez Garcia, Mixed Marriages and Transnational Families in the Intercultural Context: A Case Study of African-Spanish Couples in Catalonia, Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies (2006): 404-433. Part Three: Urban issues, social exclusion and spatial segregation 9. Social exclusion in the cities Oct 31 - Factors of exclusion - Mapping segregation Subject for oral presentation: Comparative perspective on social/spatial segregation - Sako Musterd, Social and Ethnic Segregation in Europe: Levels, Causes, and Effects, Journal of Urban Affairs 27/3 (2007): 331-348. - Ayse Pamuk, Geography of Immigrant Clusters in Global Cities: A Case Study of San Francisco 2000, International Journal of Urban and Regional Research 28/2 (2004): 287-307. - Ronald van Kempen, Social Exclusion: The Importance of Context, in Hans Thor Andersen and Ronald van Kempen, Governing European Cities: Social Fragmentation, Social Exclusion, and Urban Governance (Aldershot: Asghtate, 2001): 41-70. - Jan Vranken, Unravelling the Social Strands of Poverty: Differentiation, Fragmentation, Inequality, and Exclusion, in Hans Thor Andersen and Ronald van Kempen, Governing European Cities: Social Fragmentation, Social Exclusion, and Urban Governance (Aldershot: Asghtate, 2001): 71-92. 8
- Martin Sanchez-Jankowski, The Concentration of African-American Poverty and the Dispersal of the Working Class: An Ethnographic Study of Three Inner-city Areas, (1999): 619-637. - Rodrigo Salcedo and Alvaro Torres, Gated Communities in Santiago: Wall or Frontiers?, International Journal of urban and Regional Research 28/1 (March 2004): 27-44. 10. Urban violence Nov 7 - The notion of urban outcasts - The new urban social margin - Urban riots Subject for oral presentation: Comparative perspective on urban riots - Sophie Body-Gendrot, The Social Control of the Cities: A Comparative Perspective (Blackwell Publishers, 2000): chapter 1. - Julia E. Monárrez Fragoso, Death in a Transnational Metropolitan Region, in Kathleen Staudt et al, Cities and Citizenship at the US-Mexico Border (NY: Palgrave MacMillan, 2010): 23-42. - Thomas Maloutas, Urban Outcasts: A Contextualized Outlook of Advanced Marginality, International Journal of Urban and Regional Research 33/3 (September 2009): 828-834. - Yasmin Hussain and Paul Baggulay, Citizenship, Ethnicity and Identity: British Pakistanis after the 2001 Riots, Sociology 39/3 (July 2005): 407-425. - Ash Amin, Unruly Strangers? The 2001 Riots in GB, International Journal of Urban and Regional Research 27/2 (June 2003): 460-463. - Caroline O.N Moser, Urban Violence and Insecurity: An Introductory Roadmap, Environment and Urbanization (2004): 1-15. 11. Policing the cities Nov 14 - Urban (in)security policies - Social control of minorities Subject for oral presentation: Comparative perspective on the Mosque issue 9
- Liette Gilbert, Immigration as Local Politics: Re-bordering Immigration and Multiculturalism through Deterrence and Incapacitation, International Journal of Urban and Regional Research 33/1 (March 2009): 26-42. - Justus Uitermark and Jan Wilhem Duyvendak, Civilizing the City: Populism and Revanchist Urbanism in Rotterdam, Urban Studies 45/7 (June 2008): 1485-1503. - Paul G. Lewis and S. Karthick Ramakrishnan, Police Practices in Immigration-Destination Cities, Urban Affairs Review 42/6 (July 2007): 874-900. - Peter Marcuse, Security or Safety? The Threat of Terrorism after 9/11, International Journal of Urban and Regional Research 30/4 (December 2006): 919-929. - Caroline O.N Moser and Cathy Mcilwaine, Latin American Urban Violence as a development Concern: Towards a Framework for Violence Reduction, World Development 34 (2006): 89-112. - Marcel Maussen, The Governance of Islam in Western Europe, IMISCOE Working Paper, 16 (December 2006): 1-93. Part Four: New urban governance 12. Challenges for urban and migrant policy planning Nov 21 - Current urban reforms - Urban renewal - Urban sustainable development Subject for oral presentation: Comparative perspective on the effects of gentrification - Max Rousseau, Re-imaging the City Center for Middle Classes: Regeneration, Gentrification and Symbolic Policies in Loser Cities, International Journal of Urban and Regional Research 33/3 (September 2009): 770-788. - Alan Saltzstein et al, Visions of Urban Reform: Comparing US and British Strategies for Improving City Government, Urban Affairs Review 44/2 (November 2008): 155-181. 10
- Mee Kam Ng and Peter Hills, World Cities or Great Cities? A Comparative Study of Five Asian Cities, Cities 20/3 (2003): 151-165. - Tom Slater, The Eviction of Critical Perspectives from Gentrification Research, International Journal of Urban and Regional Research 30/4 (December 2006): 737-757. - Hugo Priemus, Housing and New Urban Renewal: Current Policies in the Netherlands, European Journal of Housing Policy 4 (August 2004): 229-246. - Eric Avila and Mark H. Rose, Race, Culture, and Urban Renewal: An Introduction, Journal of Urban History 35/3 (March 2009): 335-347. No class on November 28 13. Diversity and local governance Dec 5 - New urban challenges at the local level - Local authority responses to minorities Subject for oral presentation: Comparative perspective on local government policies of inclusion and exclusion - Patrick Ireland, Comparing Responses to Ethnic Segregation in Urban Europe, Urban Studies 45/7 (June 2008): 333-358. - Richard Stren, Diversity and Urban Governance, in Kihato et al, Urban Diversity. Space, Culture and Inclusive Pluralism in Cities Worldwide (Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 2010): 257-282. - Tony Payan, Crossborder Governance in a Tristate, Binational Region, in Kathleen Staudt et al, Cities and Citizenship at the US-Mexico Border (NY: Palgrave MacMillan, 2010): 217-244. - Rob Atkinson, Combating Social Exclusion in Europe: The New Urban Challenge, Urban Studies 37/5-6 (2000): 1037-1055. -Juliet Carpenter, Addressing Europe s Urban Challenges: Lessons from the EU Urban Community Initiative, Urban Studies 43/12 (November 2006): 2145-2161. 11
- Nadia Rubaii-Barrett, The Micro-politics of Immigration, in David F. Ericson, The Politics of Inclusion and Exclusion: Identity Politics in Twenty-First Century America (NY, London: Routledge, 2011): 113-136. 14. Conclusion Dec 12 12