JEFFERSONIAN DEMOCRACY (1800 1828) ELECTION OF 1800 Revolution of 1800 Adams v. Jefferson (again) Major Issues: - Expansion of Military - Foreign Affairs - Alien & Sedition Acts 1 2 ELECTION OF 1800 DR President DR Congress Federalist Supreme Court JEFFERSON S PHILOSOPHY Small govt. Majority rule Strict Constructionism Agrarian Democracy 3 4 A NATION OF FARMERS Govt. support farming Cities; factories corrupt people End land speculation Limit power of upper class EXAMPLE POLICIES Westward expansion Free/cheap farm land Small Army/Navy Cut taxes and govt. spending 5 6
LOUISIANA PURCHASE (1803) French Revolution ends FRENCH EMPIRE Napoleon becomes Emperor Spain cedes Louisiana to France 7 8 LOUISIANA PURCHASE (1803) Napoleonic Wars ($$) Loses Haiti (last colony) Sells Louisiana to US US doubles in size Americans begin to push west 9 10 WIKI POST- JEFFERSONIAN?? Jefferson, and the Republicans, believed in a strict interpretation of the Constitution More importantly, they believed in using only the enumerated powers of govt. (i.e. no use of the Elastic Clause). In your opinion, was the Louisiana Purchase an example of his Republican beliefs? Or did Jefferson act more like a Federalist, using a loose interpretation in this acquisition? Please explain your answer. 11 12
LEWIS & CLARK (1803-1805) MORE PROBLEMS W/ BRITAIN & FRANCE Napoleonic Wars (1802-1814) Problems w/ neutrality Hurts US trade Blockades Impressment - Created land route to Pacific Ocean 13 - Discovered 300 new species - Richness of West documented; fuels expansion 14 BLOCKADE EMBARGO ACT (1807) Jefferson wants neutrality Stop abuses by Britain & France Embargo Act: Goal: Respect US neutrality Underestimates France & Britain 15 16 US REACTIONS TO EMBARGO ACT POLITICAL CARTOON c. 1808 Hurts US more than Europe Public Outrage! US Exports in 1806: $108 Million US Exports in 1808: $22 Million Recession 17 18
BARBARY PIRATES, ARRR! - Mediterranean Sea - Capture ships; ransom - Demand tribute - No Navy; need warships? - Barbary Wars (1802) - to the shores of Tripoli WAR OF 1812 (1812 1815) 20 19 WAR OF 1812 MAJOR BATTLES War w/ Britain 3 years Mr. Madison s War MA refuses to fight Star Spangled Banner Unexpected Result: Increases Local Manufacturing Invasion of Canada Battle of Washington, DC Battle of Baltimore Battle of New Orleans 21 22 MAJOR BATTLES USS CONSTITUTION ( C. 1812) Old Ironsides Still in Boston Harbor today!! 23 24
IMPACTS OF WAR Increase in factories (N.) US borders remain same Increased sectionalism (N. v. S.) Andrew Jackson --> military hero HARTFORD CONVENTION (1814) Federalist response to war Mr. Madison s War Worried about status of New England Refused to send militias to fight in war Secession? Treason? 25 Convention marks the end of the Federalist Party in US politics! 26 HARTFORD CONVENTION (1814) ERA OF GOOD FEELINGS (1816 1824) 28 27 HENRY CLAY'S AMERICAN SYSTEM EFFECTS OF AMERICAN SYSTEM Boost economy; industrial growth 1.) Protective Tariffs 2.) Internal Improvements 3.) Creation of 2 nd US Bank Road/Bridge construction Transportation networks for interstate trade Expand Army/Navy US Bank stabilizes currency; dollar becomes more valuable 29 Promote nationalism 30
ERIE CANAL (1817) CUMBERLAND ROAD (1811) 31 32 TRANSPORTATION NETWORKS c. 1840 ERA OF GOOD FEELINGS Easy passage of DR laws Govt. gets along Virginia Dynasty Jefferson Madison Monroe 33 34 JACKSON TAKES FLORIDA (1819) - Spain controls FL BORDER NEGOTIATIONS (1817 1820) - Rush-Bagot Treaty (1817) - Border problems (Indian attacks) - Convention of 1818 (duh!) - Monroe to Jackson: Stop border raids - Jackson invades FL; Spain surrenders - Adams-Onis Treaty (1819) - Annexation of Florida (1819) - Annexes FL 35 36
US BOUNDARIES C. 1820 MISSOURI COMPROMISE (1820) MO: Slave or Free? Applies as slave-state Blocked by North 37 38 MISSOURI COMPROMISE (1820) LET'S MAKE A DEAL!!!!! Clay to make compromise Terms: 1.) MO is slave state 2.) ME is free state 39 40 3.) Slavery illegal NORTH of MO MONROE DOCTRINE (1820) SECTIONALISM INCREASES... Monroe post-war President (1816-1824) No major accomplishments Goal: end European colonization in Americas Create national identity 41 MO Compromise = Slavery a big issue Country begins to divide: North & South; Free & Slave Meanwhile, Americans continue to push west What to do about... Arkansas? Oregon? Kansas? Nebraska? 42