Challenges of Maritime Security Strategy in the n Ocean: A Maritime Boundary Perspective, Ph.D 1
Geospatial Context of the n Ocean Iran Egypt Pakistan Saudi Arabia Bangladesh Oman Myanmar Eritrea Sudan Thailand Yemen Ethiopia Somalia South China Sea Sri Langka Siuth Sudan Brunei MALAYSIA n Ocean SINGAPORE Maldives Kenya Indonesia Tanzania PNG Seychelles Java BIOT/ Chagos Timor Leste Comoros Christmas I. Mayotte Cocos I. Tromelin Mauritus Reunion Australia South Africa Amsterdam Island Crozet Is. Prince Edward Is. Kerguelen Herd I. 2
Maritime Claims by Kenya and Somalia Arsana, 2013 Somalia Not to scale, for illustrative purposes only Somalia This presentation was developed by Kenya (madeandi@ugm.ac.id) For Exclusive the Government Economic Zone of Somalia Continental Shelf and was presented before the Somali President, Prime Minister and Speaker of the Parliament Kenya Kenya Tanzania 3
Indonesia 4
Indonesia Territory Thailand Philippines Palau Singapore Timor Leste Animation by (2013) Australia Why do you want to take this off? What you are doing I Made is a crime Andi and Arsana unethical (c) 2013 5
Indonesia Territory Thailand Philippines Palau Singapore Timor Leste Animation by (2012) Australia 3 miles of TS from each island s coastline I Made Andi and Arsana (c) 2013 Why do you want to take this off? What you are doing is a crime unethical 6
Djoeanda Declaration of 1957 Thailand Philippines madeandi@ugm.ac.id Palau Singapore Natuna pocket Archipelagic waters Timor Leste Australia Why do you want to take this off? What you are doing I Made is a crime Andi and Arsana unethical (c) 2013 7
Indonesia s archipelagic waters and territorial sea Thailand Philippines madeandi@ugm.ac.id Palau Singapore Archipelagic waters Timor Leste Australia Why do you want to take this off? What you are doing I Made is a crime Andi and Arsana unethical (c) 2013 8
Maritime Zone of Jurisdiction pursuant to UNCLOS This presentation was developed by (madeandi@ugm.ac.id) For the Government of Somalia and was presented before the Somali President, Territorial Sea Prime Minister and Speaker of the Parliament 12 M Baselines EEZ 200 M Continental Shelf Art. 76 (2013) 9
Indonesia Now! UNCLOS 1982 Thailand EEZ Philippines madeandi@ugm.ac.id Palau Singapore EEZ EEZ Archipelagic waters Archipelagic Baselines Timor Leste EEZ Unilateral Limits (no agreement with neighbours required) Agreed bilateral boundaries Indonesia s unilateral claims (agreement with neighbours required) Australia Indonesia s maritime area is significantly larger! Why do you want to take this off? What you are doing I Made is a crime Andi and Arsana unethical (c) 2013 10
Indonesia and in the n Ocean Thailand Different lines for EEZ and CS Indonesia s ECS Indonesia 11
EEZ Delimitation in Malacca Strait Unilateral Claims You are the one entering our waters! You are entering our Indonesia s s waters! proposal proposal of of EEZ EEZ Boundary Boundary Indonesia k (c) 2011 Equidistance Practicality reason Seabed boundary (signed in 1969) For illustrative purposes only The visualisation does not reflect the real geospatial setting of Indonesia and Why do you want to take this off? What you are doing I Made is a crime Andi and Arsana unethical (c) 2013 12
Maritime Boundaries between Indonesia and Australia Australia Indonesia organisms which, at the harvestable stage, either are immobile on or under the seabed or I are Made unable Andi Arsana to move (c) except 2011 in constant physical contact with the seabed or subsoil (LOSC, Art. 77 (4)) Batas ZEE (air) (ditandatangani tahun 1997) Australia Indonesia Batas dasar laut (ditandatangani tahun 1970an) For illustrative purposes only. The visualisation does not reflect the real geospatial setting of Indonesia and Australia Why do you want to take this off? What you are doing I Made is a crime Andi and Arsana unethical (c) 2013 13
Concluding Remarks 1. Pending Maritime Boundaries are threat to maritime Security 2. Opportunities and Challenges: Opportunities Experiences Government s Commitment People s supports and pushes Challenges Difference in perception and urgency Sensitivity of issues The approach of Nothing agreed until everything is agreed that may slow down the process 14
Thank You Terima Kasih 15