Name: Date: 1. Theodore Roosevelt s Speak softly and carry a big stick policy relied on the United States having a A. competitive economy. B. system of military alliances. C. strong navy. D. tax on imports. 2. During World War I, U.S. propaganda posters often portrayed German soldiers as A. honorable opponents. B. violators of human rights. C. unbeatable enemies. D. liberators of oppressed peoples. 3. Which statement is an idea expressed in the Monroe Doctrine? A. The United States, not Europe, should complete the settlement of North America. B. The United States, not Britain, should control British territories in Asia. C. The United States should trade only with Britain and France. D. The United States should expand its territory north into Canada. 4. The United States was one of the victorious powers that defeated Germany in World War I. What was an immediate consequence of the end of World War I for the United States? A. the decline of the Red Scare B. the acquisition of Puerto Rico C. the rise of isolationist sentiment D. the desegregation of the military page 1
5. How did Germany s use of unrestricted submarine warfare provoke the United States to enter World War I? A. It generated anti-imrnigrant sentiment in the United States. B. It resulted in the loss of lives of United States citizens. C. It created competition for international markets. D. It established new rules for naval battles. 6. Remember the Maine is a memorable slogan and rallying cry in American history. The slogan symbolizes the onset of which of the following wars? A. World War I B. Spanish-American War C. World War II D. Korean War 7. During World War I, war bonds were primarily sold to A. increase the involvement of volunteer organizations. B. inspire loyalty among immigrants who had recently arrived. C. demonstrate the determination of the United States government. D. help the United States government finance the cost of the conflict. page 2
8. During World War I, American bankers made loans to European powers. American loans to the Allies totaled over $2 billion by 1917 when the United States entered the war. Based on the information, which conclusion can be drawn about American entry into World War I? A. The United States had a financial stake in an Allied victory. B. Investments in Europe delayed the United States entry into the war. C. Promises of money from the United States stopped German aggression. D. Opposition to United States intervention was based on financial concerns. 9. Why did Theodore Roosevelt build the Great White Fleet? A. to compete with the Russian navy B. to help him win the Nobel Peace Prize C. to protect U.S. trade interests in Japan D. to establish the United States as a naval power 10. How did the United States help the Allies win World War I? A. The United States entered into a secret agreement with the Central Powers. B. The United States agreed to provide financial assistance to rebuild Germany. C. The United States refused to fight an offensive war. D. The United States provided strong, energized troops. page 3
11. Why was the League of Nations provision of the Treaty of Versailles unacceptable to Senator Henry Cabot Lodge and the Republicans? A. The league could require the payment of war reparations. B. The league would obligate foreign aid to adversarial nations. C. The league was perceived as a threat to American sovereignty. D. The league had committed to the cause of global decolonization. 12. This graphic organizer represents U.S. involvement in the First World War. Which phrase best completes the graphic organizer? A. sympathy for the Russian Empire B. the British blockade of Germany C. unrestricted submarine warfare D. the invasion of Poland 13. One factor that motivated U.S. imperialism during the late 19th and early 20th centuries was the A. development of closer political ties with European nations. B. closing of China to all foreign trade. C. support of international peacekeeping operations. D. acquisition of new markets and sources of raw materials. page 4
14. How did the results of the Spanish American War affect the expansion of the United States? A. The war ended U.S. expansion because of the extraordinary costs of the war. B. The war allowed the United States to acquire the Texas territory. C. The war led to increased U.S. expansion into South America. D. The war gave the United States territories in the South Pacific. 15. Marcus Garvey s Back to Africa movement and the creation of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) were both early twentieth century responses to A. the passage of more restrictive immigration laws. B. the growth of communism in the South. C. the practice of racial discrimination in the United States. D. the desegregation of World War I combat units. 16. Zora Neale Hurston and Langston Hughes had which of the following in common? A. They were leaders involved with the 1960s civil rights movement. B. They were initial members of President Franklin Roosevelt s Black Cabinet. C. They were writers associated with the Harlem Renaissance. D. They were outspoken opponents to U.S. involvement in Vietnam. page 5
17. African-American Migrations, 1890 1920 This map shows the percentage change in African-American population from 1890 1920. Which is the most likely reason for the change shown in the map? A. No racial discrimination in the northern states B. Increased job opportunities in the northern states C. Large casjalties from the war in the southern states D. any agricultural opportunities in the southern states 18. African Americans migrated to the North in great numbers after World War I to take advantage of A. cheap farmland. B. job opportunities. C. social acceptance. D. political rights. page 6
19. Which heading best completes this diagram? A. Prohibition B. Music C. Propaganda D. Fundamentalists 20. Which group supported the prohibition of alcohol during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries? A. the transcendentalists B. the abolitionists C. the Women s Christian Temperance Union D. the National American Women Suffrage Association 21. What was a challenge to religious fundamentalism in the 1920s? A. the sermons of Billy Sunday B. the teachings of John T. Scopes C. the speeches of William Jennings Bryan D. the broadcasts of Aimee Semple McPherson page 7
22. Which event most contributed to the establishment of the United States Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC)? A. the Panic of 1893 B. the formation of the Standard Oil Trust C. the Teapot Dome Scandal D. the 1929 crash of the stock market 23. Franklin Roosevelt s immediate response to the banking crisis after becoming president was to A. declare a bank holiday that closed banks in the United States for several days. B. nationalize the banks to ensure they were following federal regulations. C. establish the Federal Reserve to reduce the possibility of another bank emergency. D. borrow money from foreign banks to support the U.S. banking industry. 24. Social Security was a New Deal program designed to A. foster the growth of trade unions. B. promote recovery through economic development. C. give direct aid to American businesses. D. provide a minimum retirement income. page 8
25. In 1934, President Franklin D. Roosevelt created the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) as part of the New Deal. What was the main purpose of the Securities and Exchange Commission? A. to restrict the manufacture and sale of alcohol B. to regulate the stock and bond markets against fraud C. to establish tariffs on imported commercial and agricultural goods D. to provide employment for men in the armed forces and border patrol 26. Why did people in the Great Depression call their temporary settlement communities Hoovervilles? A. President Hoover was very popular during the depression. B. They blamed President Hoover for the depression. C. They wanted to remember President Hoover. D. President Hoover grew up in similar housing. page 9
27. This photograph was taken in 1935. Source: NARA As a result of events like this, what occurred that altered the landscape of the United States? A. People constructed dams to irrigate land. B. People abandoned farms to move westward. C. Urban areas experienced a decline in industrial production. D. Suburban areas experienced a growth in commercial activity. 28. Why were the Dust Bowl conditions of the 1930s so significant in United States history? A. They occurred at the same time as the Great Depression. B. They included most of the farming regions of the Northwest. C. They increased farm production by nearly thirty percent. D. They provided increased opportunities for government jobs. page 10
29. In the United States, the Dust Bowl mainly affected A. miners in the Northeast. B. farmers in the Midwest. C. loggers in the Northwest. D. fishermen in the Southeast. 30. The creation of the Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) best illustrates the New Deal s commitment to A. financial reform. B. agricultural relief. C. rural electrification. D. industrial recovery. 31. Which of the following best explains why the United States Senate rejected American participation in the League of Nations after World War I? A. Senators thought league membership would cost too much money. B. Senators thought the league would interfere in Latin American affairs. C. Senators thought the league would require its members to reduce tariffs. D. Senators thought league membership would undermine American sovereignty. 32. How did the Democratic administration influence politics during the Great Depression and World War II? A. They broadened states rights to avoid military conflict. B. They engaged in propaganda to defeat other political parties. C. They expanded government involvement in people s lives. D. They followed a laissez-faire economic approach to avoid regulation. page 11
33. President Wilson s vision for international policy after World War I is contained in the A. Open Door Notes. B. Kellogg-Briand Pact. C. Fourteen Points. D. Camp David Accords. 34. To maintain the United States as an arsenal for democracy in World War II, Congress passed the A. Dawes Act. B. Lend-Lease Act. C. Open Door Policy. D. Good Neighbor Policy. 35. The spirit of postwar isolationism in America was best illustrated in 1920 when the United States Senate rejected American participation in the A. European Union. B. League of Nations. C. North Atlantic Treaty Organization. D. Commonwealth of Independent States. 36. Which event damaged the reputation of President Warren Harding? A. the establishment of the Bull Moose party B. the Teapot Dome controversy C. the Sacco and Vanzetti trial D. the stock market crash of 1929 page 12
37. Why did President Franklin D. Roosevelt refrain from intervening in Europe during the rise of totalitarian regimes in Germany and Italy? A. A large portion of the American public did not support U.S. involvement in Europe. B. President Roosevelt did not believe the U.S. military could defeat the German military. C. The leaders of Britain and France did not want the United States intervening in European affairs. D. President Roosevelt was afraid a prolonged war would further damage the weakened U.S. economy. 38. The Americanization movement of the early twentieth century sought to A. assimilate ethnic immigrant groups into the dominant culture. B. restrict the military involvement of the United States in foreign conflicts. C. protect domestic businesses from foreign competition. D. diminish the role of government in the regulation of industry. 39. During the second half of the twentieth century, the largest source of labor in California agriculture was A. unemployed Midwestern industrial workers. B. relocated Southern sharecroppers. C. displaced workers from the Plains states. D. immigrants from Mexico. page 13
40. How did World War II affect Mexican immigration to the United States? A. Mexican immigration increased due to transportation improvements. B. Mexican immigration decreased due to declining production rates. C. Mexican immigration decreased due to declining wage levels. D. Mexican immigration increased due to labor shortages. 41. Which was a common factor in the United States that caused the Red Scare following World War I and McCarthyism following World War II? A. racial tension in major cities B. signs of economic downturn C. fear of communist expansion D. the counterculture movement 42. Yesterday, December 7, 1941 a date that will live in infamy.... President Franklin Roosevelt, December 8, 1941 What was President Roosevelt referring to in his speech? A. a police attack on strikers in Detroit B. the Japanese bombing of Pearl Harbor C. an explosion in a West Virginia coal mine D. the collapse of the New York Stock Exchange 43. Japanese attempts to create an empire prior to World War II were in conflict with the U.S. goal of A. maintaining an open trade policy in Asia. B. gaining a sphere of influence in Asia. C. establishing a military presence in China. D. creating a military alliance with China. page 14
44. In comparison to the earlier conferences at Casablanca and Teheran, the meetings at Yalta and Potsdam were more focused upon A. postwar issues. B. military supply issues. C. long term military planning. D. technological developments. 45. Many Americans opposed the 1941 Lend Lease Act because they feared it would A. draw the United States into the war in Europe. B. cause the country to fall into an economic recession. C. be declared unconstitutional by the Supreme Court. D. place the United States in violation of the Versailles Treaty. 46. In 1944, the Supreme Court upheld the internment of Japanese Americans residing on the West Coast by ruling that the actions were A. part of an international agreement with U.S. allies. B. approved by both houses of Congress. C. allowed under the Fourteenth Amendment. D. necessary for national security. page 15
47. The purpose of the Manhattan Project was to A. provide economic aid to Latin American countries. B. develop atomic weapons for the U.S. military. C. bring about an end to poverty in U.S. urban areas. D. offer assistance to relocated European refugees. 48. Use the following statements to answer the following question. People had ration books that were used to buy necessary products like shoes, gasoline, and certain foods. People grew victory gardens in their backyards to feed their families and observed meatless days to reduce meat consumption. People recycled glass, all kinds of metals, and newspapers. Women filled many jobs traditionally held by men and joined the military as WACs and WAVEs. Which of the following is most closely associated with the descriptions above? A. supporting the war effort during World War II B. dealing with shortages during the Depression C. supporting environmental programs through conservation D. dealing with shortages of critical products during the cold war page 16
49. The poster shown below is from World War II. This World War II poster was made to encourage women to A. buy war bonds. B. enlist in the military. C. plant victory gardens. D. work in defense industries. 50. One consequence of World War II was that the United States A. returned to its isolationist tendencies B. avoided foreign conflicts C. remained deeply involved in world affairs D. reduced its military spending page 17
51. The cartoon depicts negotiations during World War II. Source: Franklin D. Roosevelt Library How did the ultimatum expressed in this 1943 cartoon affect World War II? A. It led to the Battle of Britain. B. It resulted in the bombing of Pearl Harbor. C. It led to the atomic bombing of Nagasaki and Hiroshima. D. It resulted in the territorial divisions of Germany and Italy. page 18
52. Which of the following numbers correctly identifies the body of water over which American military forces conducted the D-Day Invasion during World War II? A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4 53. How did the development of the atomic bomb affect U.S. foreign policy? A. It weakened President Truman s negotiating power at the Potsdam Conference. B. It hastened plans to create the United Nations and include the Soviet Union as a member. C. It led to an arms race with the Soviet Union. D. It delayed the tensions of the Cold War. page 19
54. In the aftermath of the Holocaust, what new action did the United States take to aid Jews? A. It created shelter programs. B. It recognized Israel as a state. C. It helped locate lost relatives. D. It provided monetary compensation. page 20