SPANISH-AMERICAN WAR VOCAB 1. War of 1812 2. Monroe Doctrine 3. Mexican War 4. Yellow journalism 5. USS Maine 6. Rough Riders 7. San Juan Hill 8. Anti-Imperialist League 9. Platt Amendment 10.Diplomacy 11.Realism 12.Idealism 13.Neutrality 14.Unilateralism
BELLWORK When is it appropriate for the United States to send soldiers to fight and face death on foreign soil? Choose up to three of the following reasons. In your notebook, explain each of your choices in a sentence or two. To assist an ally of the US To protect territory that is close to US borders To stop human rights abuses To acquire resources To gain power To acquire territory To improve national security To spread or protect American values and moral beliefs To fight against tyrannical governments Under no circumstances is it ever appropriate Other (explain)
Why would the US want to build an empire? IMPERIALISM IN THE PACIFIC
THE NEED FOR IMPERIALISM Imperialism-refers to a policy of empire building. The colonies acquired by the imperialist powers often supplied resources for their industries and served as markets for their manufactured goods. The need for raw materials copper, rubber, tin Markets places to buy and sell goods Power and national pride
NAME THE FOREIGN POLICY It is our true policy to steer clear of permanent alliances with any portion of the foreign world; so far, I mean, as we are now at liberty to do it. Washington The American continents are henceforth not to be considered as subjects for future colonization by any European power. Monroe
SPANISH AMERICAN WAR
AMERICAN INTERESTS First to go was Cuba with a revolt in 1895;over poor living conditions Marti organized revolt from NY; was killed when he went back to Cuba Spain treated them harshly; forced many to go out into streets to live IN CUBA By the 1890s, the Spanish empire had dwindled to include Cuba, Puerto Rico, and the Philippines Most of the people who lived on the islands wanted independenc e
CUBAN REBELLION Revolt in 1895 spurred by poor economic conditions Jose Marti organized the revolt from New York and then led it in Cuba; killed in action Was a reporter in Cuba, afterwards from NY. Harsh living conditions within Cuba (humanitarian crisis)
YOU SUPPLY THE PICTURES, AND I LL SUPPLY THE WAR. Yellow Journalists: Joseph Pulitzer and William Randolph Hearst New York newspaper publishers William Randolph Hearst said the above in a reply to the painter Frederic Remington who believed that there was nothing to write about in Cuba They stretched the truth and about the bravery of Cuban rebels and horrors of Spanish rule. Helped to stir public support
DE LOME LETTER Feb. 9, 1898-Journal printed the letter written by Spanish Ambassador to Washington Called president McKinley weak and catering to the rabble, offended many Americans Letter intensified anti- Spanish feelings in the US
REMEMBER THE MAINE! USS Maine sails to Cuba in hopes to keep American citizens safe from rebellion Sat in harbor for 2 weeks; Exploded without an explanation Americans believed it was a Spanish mine or torpedo no proof; 260 sailors died Journalists exaggerated headlines to encourage the invasion Americans give Spanish three days to leave Teller Amendment addendum that stated the U.S. had no interest in taking control of Cuba
WAR WITH SPAIN The Rough Riders Led by Theodore Roosevelt and Col. Wood Volunteer corps Battle of Santiago San Juan Hill and Kettle Hill
Roosevelt and Rough Riders went up Kettle Hill, the other US soldiers went up San Juan Hill SPLENDID LITTLE WAR
SPLENDID LITTLE WAR Cuba Provisional military gov t put into place Platt Amendment limited Cuba s right to make treaties and allowed the U.S. to intervene in Cuban affairs Effective until 1934 Puerto Rico made a U.S. territory The Philippines Given to the U.S. in exchange for $20 million Naval and commercial value Guerrilla war against the U.S. led by Aguinaldo Lasts until 1902; 4,200 American casualties
WAR WITH SPAIN American army unprepared for war Supplies warm weather clothes in a tropical environment Men (28,000 raised to 280,000) 5,500 men die total Harsh living conditions Yellow fever 5,000 died from disease, 400 from battle
AMERICAN INTERESTS IN THE PHILLIPINES Americans achieve quick victory in Philippines Also rebelling against Spanish Commodore George Dewey sank 10 Spanish ships inside of Manila Bay U.S. troops along with Emilio Aguinaldo took control of Manila on August 13, 1898
Anti-Imperialist League the group that opposed the treaty included: Samuel Gompers, Mark Twain, Andrew Carnegie, and Jane Addams ANTI-IMPERIALISM
"We need Hawaii as much and a good deal more than we did California. It is manifest destiny." McKinley Is it the same definition? ANNEXATION OF HAWAII
THE ANNEXATION OF ALASKA Seward s Folly Sec. of State William H. Seward bought Alaska from Russia for $7.2 million $.02 an acre Many thought it was foolish to waste money on an icebox Resources timber, furs, minerals (including gold)
ANNEXATION OF HAWAII Americans owned most shops and shipyards in Hawaii by 1840. They were also the majority of planters. Sugar became a leading export Shipped duty free to the U.S. Bayonet Constitution granted more power to the planters
QUEEN LI LIUOKALANI Took over for brother at age 52 Was strong and resolute Tried to keep the Monarchy alive by writing a new constitution Americans were unhappy, so they sent for Marines and overthrew the throne.
AMERICAN INTERESTS IN LATIN AMERICA AND ASIA
Spheres of Influence areas where foreign nations controlled resources Germany, Britain, France, Japan, Russia Open Door Policy American proposal that stated all nations should have equal access to trade in China
US INTERESTS IN ASIA Boxer Rebellion Chinese nationalists who were angered by foreign involvement in China Foreign armies put down the revolt Forced payments totaling $333 million
US INTEREST IN LATIN AMERICA Revolution in Panama Panama a part of Colombia would not lease the land to the American gov t U.S. warship aided in a Panamanian revolution Panama declared independence and signed a 99-year lease with the United States
PANAMA CANAL Construction began in 1904-Opened August 15, 1914 51 miles Dangerous work 6,000 die in construction Disease malaria and yellow fever Geography swamps, forests, and mountains Explosives
BELL WORK What impact did the building of the Panama Canal have on American trading?
ROOSEVELT S RESPONSE Monroe Doctrine had told European nations not to interfere in Western Hemisphere U.S. had weak military no way to enforce it European loans to Latin America in default Roosevelt Corollary in cases of wrongdoing by Latin American countries, the U.S. might exercise international police power
Dollar diplomacy influencing governments through economic, not military, intervention substituting dollars for bullets He encouraged American trade and investment in Latin America and Asia He claimed this would limit the use of force overseas, but when problems arose the US used force to protect its interests TAFT S RESPONSE
WILSONS RESPONSE Moral Diplomacy He based his foreign policy on democratic ideals rather than economic investment or the use of force He believed that American interests were best served by supporting democracy and introduced the value of selfdetermination Despite promises that America would be more concerned with human rights than with its own economic or political interests, he intervened in Latin America and the Caribbean more than either Roosevelt or Taft
PANAMA The United States wanted to build a canal to speed travel between the Atlantic and the Pacific The US tried to lease land in Panama, then part of Columbia. When Columbia refused, the US encouraged a Panamanian revolt Panama became an independent nation and signed a treaty allowing the US to build a canal The canal helped to improve trade but damaged US -Latin America relations
MEXICO By the early 1900s, American business had invested billions of dollars in Mexico Several revolutions left Mexico unstable, and many US business leaders wanted Wilson to inter vene Wilson sent troops to Mexico to try to promote stability and support a leader he believed would promote democracy, but public opinion was highly critical of his actions and the troops were unsuccessful With WWI looming, Wilson eventually withdrew troops from Mexico
PUERTO RICO After the Spanish-American War, a US military government set up schools and a postal service, built roads, and improved sanitation, but Puerto Ricans began to demand g reater control of their own countr y Under the 1917 Jones Act, Puerto Rico became a US territory and Puerto Ricans became US citizens, but they were not given all the rights of citizenship US investments in Puerto Rico made a minority of people wealthy, but most Puerto Ricans remained in poverty A series of political reforms gave Puerto Ricans more control over their government, but Puerto Rico has chosen to remain a US commonwealth
PHILIPPINES The United States captured the Philippines during the Spanish - American War Filipinos claimed that the US had promised them independence after the war, but President McKinley said they were not ready for self-g overnment The Filipinos fought against US rule. The US used brutal force to suppress Filipino guerilla tactics and put down the revolt After 3 years of fighting and at great human cost, the US set up a government, built schools, and made improvements to harbors on the islands before granting the Philippines independence half a centur y later
HAWAII White American planters controlled most of Hawaii s agricultural industry, shipping many crops to the US and becoming wealthy and powerful in the process Queen Liliuokalani, the constitutional monarch of Hawaii, resented the dominance of the wealthy white minority and tried to give more power to native Hawaiians American planters, with the help of US military forces, overthrew the queen in 1893 and applied to Congress for annexation After debating the issue for several years, the US finally annexed the Hawaiian Islands, which became a US territory and many years later a US state
CHINA China s weakness and instability in the 1890s allowed many European powers, along with Japan, to carve out spheres of influence to control trading rights in parts of China The US wanted to prevent foreign colonization of China in order to maintain its access to Chinese markets, and so it proposed the Open Door Policy to allow free trade for all foreign nations in China The Boxers led an insurrection to rid China of foreign influence, but the rebellion was cr ushed by US, Japanese, and European forces To keep the Open Door Policy, the US insisted that foreign nations not only allow free trade, but also respect Chinese independence