Social Studies 7 Civics CH 4.3: FURTHERING CIVIL LIBERTIES

Social Studies 7 Civics CH 4.3: FURTHERING CIVIL LIBERTIES

CIVIL WAR S

CIVIL WAR S B. Seventeen other amendments have been added over the years.

CIVIL WAR S C. Before, 1865 many African Americans were enslaved.

CIVIL WAR S D. Enslaved people had almost rights. Slavery divided the Northern no states, which did Southern not have it, and the states, which did. It grew to be a serious national problem.

CIVIL WAR S E. Then, in 1860 and 1861, eleven (11) Southern states tried to leave the Union and form a new country.

CIVIL WAR S F. From to the North and South fought a war called the Civil War 1861 1865 over whether the states could do this. When it ended, the lost eliminated South had and slavery had been, or taken away.

THE THIRTEENTH

THE THIRTEENTH A. The Thirteenth Amendment was the first of the Civil War amendments.

THE THIRTEENTH B. Approved after the war in 1865, it outlawed slavery. In effect, it freed hundreds of thousands of enslaved African Americans.

THE THIRTEENTH C. The Thirteenth Amendment also banned forced labor, which means work forcing someone to.

THE THIRTEENTH D. The only legal forced labor was as a punishment for committing a. crime

THE THIRTEENTH E. Because of this exception, prisoners can be made to work in prison workshops. This wording also makes it possible for judges to order some people who break the law to do community service.

THE FOURTEENTH

THE FOURTEENTH A. The Thirteenth Amendment ended slavery. However, it did not guarantee full rights for African Americans.

THE FOURTEENTH B. Many Southern states soon passed laws known as. black codes

THE FOURTEENTH C. These laws kept African Americans from certain jobs, gave them few rights, and their rights in other ways. holding property limited

THE FOURTEENTH D. The Fourteenth Amendment was approved in to 1868 try to protect African Americans from these laws.

THE FOURTEENTH E. First, it defined an American citizen as anyone Born or Naturalized in the United States. This definition included most African Americans.

THE FOURTEENTH F. Second, the amendment said that every state must give all citizens equal protection of the laws.

THE FOURTEENTH G. The purpose was to force states to end unfair laws that hurt African Americans.

THE FOURTEENTH H. Third, the amendment forbade state governments from action unreasonable or interference with U.S. citizens.

THE FOURTEENTH I. Finally, the amendment reinforced the idea that states cannot take a person s, liberty life property, or unless they follow due process.

THE FOURTEENTH J. Over time, the courts have used the due process wording to redefine the of the Bill of Rights. reach

THE FOURTEENTH K. When it was first approved, the Bill of Rights was thought to apply only to the federal government.

THE FOURTEENTH L. That changed in 1925, when the Supreme Court decided the case Gitlow v. New York. The Court ruled that the due process clause protected free state speech and a free press from law. The Court said that the due process clause requires states to respect these First Amendment rights.

THE FOURTEENTH M. Since the Gitlow case, the Supreme Court has used the Fourteenth Amendment to apply other rights in the Bill of Rights to the interpretation states. This legal means that citizens in every part of the country have the same basic rights.

THE FIFTEENTH

THE FIFTEENTH A. The Fifteenth Amendment, ratified 1870 in, was the last of the Civil War amendments. It says that no state may deny a person the right vote to because of race.

THE FIFTEENTH B. The amendment was meant to guarantee suffrage the right to vote African Americans for. Still, many states found other ways to keep African Americans from voting.

THE FIFTEENTH C. The Fifteenth Amendment was aimed only at African American. men

THE FIFTEENTH D. The various states had the power to decide whether women could vote.

THE FIFTEENTH E. Most did not give women that right for many. decades

ELECTORAL PROCESS AND VOTING RIGHTS

ELECTORAL PROCESS AND VOTING RIGHTS A. During the 1900s, new amendments made important changes in voting and. elections

ELECTORAL PROCESS AND VOTING RIGHTS B. Some made clear who had the right to vote in every state. Others changed the way elections were, or carried out. conducted

THE SEVENTEENTH

THE SEVENTEENTH A. Article I of the Constitution says that members of the House of Representatives shall be elected by the people.

THE SEVENTEENTH B. However, it calls for members of the Senate to be chosen by the. state legislatures

THE SEVENTEENTH C. The Seventeenth Amendment, ratified in, changed that. It allowed voters to elect their senators directly 1913. This change gave Americans a greater voice in their government.

THE NINETEENTH

THE NINETEENTH A. The Constitution did not guarantee the right to vote. However, it did not clearly the vote to them. women deny

THE NINETEENTH B. Using the powers set aside for them under the Tenth Amendment, states could make their own laws women s on suffrage.

THE NINETEENTH C. As early as the 1840s, leaders Stanton and Elizabeth Cady Susan B. Anthony campaigned for woman suffrage.

THE NINETEENTH Wyoming D. The territory of gave women the vote in 1869. Several other territories and states also did so in the years that followed.

THE NINETEENTH 1920 E. In, the Nineteenth Amendment was approved. That finally protected the right of women to vote national state in all and elections.

THE TWENTY- THIRD

THE TWENTY-THIRD A. Another group that was denied full voting rights was citizens living in our nation s Washington D.C. capital,.

THE TWENTY-THIRD B. For many years, they could not vote for president or vice president. D.C. stands for the District of Columbia Maryland. Virginia, an area between and

THE TWENTY-THIRD C. Since the District is not a state, people there could not vote in national elections.

THE TWENTY-THIRD D. The Twenty-third Amendment changed that situation in 1961. It said that people vote in the District may for president and vice president.

THE TWENTY-THIRD E. It gave the District the same number of electoral votes as the smallest state.

THE TWENTY-THIRD F. District residents still do not have representative a voting in Congress, however.

THE TWENTY- FOURTH

THE TWENTY-FOURTH A. The Fifteenth Amendment gave Af. American men the right to vote. However, Southern block states found ways to African Americans from voting.

THE TWENTY-FOURTH B. Many Southern states required a. poll tax This was a fee people had to pay to vote.

THE TWENTY-FOURTH C, Because the fee had to be paid not only for the current year but for previous unpaid years as well, it was a great financial burden.

THE TWENTY-FOURTH D. Many African Americans could not pay afford to the tax. Therefore, vote they could not. Poor whites, too, could not afford the tax and could not vote.

THE TWENTY-THIRD E. The Twenty-fourth Amendment, passed in 1964, made poll taxes in national illegal elections.

THE TWENTY-THIRD F. Two years later, the Supreme Court banned poll taxes in state elections too. As a result, Af. Americans many were able to vote for the first time.

THE TWENTY- SIXTH

THE TWENTY-SIXTH A. Throughout our nation s history, many teens have bravely fought for our country.

THE TWENTY-SIXTH B. By law, however, they were not old enough to vote for the leaders who sent them into battle. Most states set the 21 minimum age for voting at.

THE TWENTY-SIXTH C. That changed in, at a time when 1971 many young Americans were fighting in the Vietnam War.

THE TWENTY-SIXTH D. The Twenty-sixth Amendment guaranteed the right to vote to citizens years of age and older. 18

THE TWENTY-SIXTH E. As a result, you can, register or sign up, to vote once you turn 18.