Organisation Date Reporting period June Embassy 2016 of the Kingdom of the2015 Netherlands, Bujumbura, Burundi Activity Implemented by 2015 Result area Rio marker Gender marker Number Name Actual expenditure Name organisation Channel Result area Mitigation/Adaption Significant/principal Significant/principal 2 24710 APPUI FINANCES PUBLIQUES 153.514 26696 SCHOOLS FOR DEMOCRACY 296.877 26636 BASKET FUND UNDP 962.000 IMF (INT. MONETARY FUND) Multilateral organisation Social and economic reconstruction Not applicable Not applicable Significant NETHERLANDS INSTIT. FOR MULTIPARTY DEMOCRACY (IMD) NGO Peace processes and political governance Not applicable Not applicable Significant UNDP/PNUD Multilateral organisation Peace processes and political governance Not applicable Not applicable Significant 26015 APPUI AUX MEDIA BURUNDAIS 314.735 25345 PROFESSIONALISATION 328.758 26337 PRAPPNB 158.289 BUJUMBURA 41.114 BUJUMBURA 12.000 BUJUMBURA 9.970 BUJUMBURA 2.727 26598 3RD & 4TH PHASE DSS BUJ - ODA 3.150.000 26597 3RD&4TH PHASE DSS BUJ NON ODA 700.000 RADIO LA BENEVOLENCIJA NGO Peace processes and political governance Not applicable Not applicable Significant MINISTERIE VAN BUITENLANDSE ZAKEN BELGIE Government General Not applicable Not applicable Not applicable MINISTERIE VAN BUITENLANDSE ZAKEN BELGIE Government Human security Not applicable Not applicable Significant MOORE STEPHENS Research institute and companies General Not applicable Not applicable Not applicable MOVEMENT - WFM NGO Rule of law Not applicable Not applicable Not applicable
Result Area 1 Result question 1a: To what extent have physical security and freedom from fear as experienced by men and women from all social groups improved? (country level) 1.1 All kinds of violent acts against citizens, including sexual violence, and other physical security threats are reduced 1.2 Institutions responsible for maintain security perform their tasks effectively, accountably and in better coordination, responding to the needs of citizens (SSR) 1.3 Communities and civil society contribute to human security independently and in coordination with responsible institutions Human security 1.1) Due to ongoing Burundi crisis violence erupted and safety of citizens has decreased dramatically. Peaceful demonstrations were put down violently, a failed coup and destruction of independent media followed. Government not open to dialogue; 1.2) Effective, accountable and better coordinated actions by security institutions have not materialised, despite running programme of ZMA on SSD. Army has behaved relatively professionally although no independent research so far on violent incidents in province of Cibitoke in January 2015. No new security perception study until now; 1.3) Community/civil society tries to stay afloat amongst intimidations and personal threats to activists or moderate citizens but has become increasinly challenging. Many abductions, disappearences, illegal detentions, armed robberies and killings/assassinations have become commonplace. Indicator 1: Percentage of people that feel safe walking alone Gallup Indicator 2: Number of female military peacekeepers UN peacekeeping Indicator 3: Performance of the security apparatus Fragile states index N/A 1.2-43.0 N/A 7.7 7.4 7.7 7.7 Indicator 4: Militarisation Global peace index 2.0 1.9 2.0 1.9 Global Peace Index Indicator 5: Societal safety and security Global Peace Index 3.2 3.0 2.7 2.8 Global Peace Index Indicator 6: Amount of cleared mined area (in km2) Landmine Monitor Result question 1b: To what extent have your programmes contributed to these results? 1.1 All kinds of violent acts against citizens, including sexual violence, and other physical security threats are reduced 1.2 Institutions responsible for maintain security perform their tasks effectively, accountably and in better coordination, responding to the needs of citizens (SSR) 1.3 Communities and civil society contribute to human security independently and in coordination with responsible institutions 1.1) Although army and police pillar of SSD programme have been suspendend (including ACOTA training) since April 2015 the military have behaved more or less professionally, despite the failed coup (no casualties). Army have not been targeting civilians at any time so civilians did not have to fear anything from that side. Police, on the other hand, has been implicated in compromising safety of citizens; 1.2) Police and military pillars in our SSD programme have been suspended. As mentioned above, the military have behaved more or less professionally until now (some pockets of hardline behaviour). Ref the police: no hard evidence but many respectable partners have pointed out that police has been infiltrated (since 2013!) by militia, or imbonerakure. Decisions no longer coming through line of command but from hardliners. Very difficult to verify. NL faced with hardline position of gvmt in SSD prgramme, hard to negociate with. Governance pillar still functioning, quite well; 1.3) After first few difficult months after suspension of 2 pillars, army have picked up some trainings and activities without NL funding (gender, integrity). Always present at Reseau RSS (governance) meetings with ngo s, media, parliament, court des compts, Ombudsman etc. Police much more resisting to take responsibility and feel hardly any connection to governance. Pockets of good will in police overruled by hardliners. Comités mixte de securité with Cordaid continuing but persistent rumors that officials in place are increasingly hardliners. NB results for 2015 have been very difficult to obtain. I will supplement with figures from OHCHR for 2015 when published. Assessment of results achieved by NL across the entire Result Area 1 Human security C. Results achieved poorer than planned Progress on human security halted in 2015, both within the SSD programme as well as within the country. A small glimmer of hope remains taking into account performance within the armed forces but, as mentioned, no clarity was given regarding the Cibitoke attacks of early January 2015 and split within army becomes more and more visible (April-May 2016). However, no targeting of civilians by military and continued support of civilians for the armed forces. The demonstrations in April as well as the failed coup and willful destruction by security forces of the different radiostations made NL decide, along with other main bilateral donors, to suspend of part the SSD programme. The police efforts via BTC have been stopped altogether. The governance pillar still continues, and the military attend their meetings quite diligently. This said, due to events in 2015 the way the SSD programme has been defined in 2009 needs re-thinking.
Result Area 2 Rule of law Result question 2a: To what extent do men and women from all social groups have access to effective and independent justice institutions and have Belgium was main player in area of Rule of Law. They have stopped all activities (not suspended) in that field, which were at a very basic level to begin with. No coordinated confidence in the rule of law? (country level) donor community in the field. Minjus has produced a report in which all needs are stated. This is an unstructured document which does not give a contextual analysis of the field. Non-formal justice is not allowed (or so it reads from the law) in Burundi. No connection between our SSD programme and penal chain, or justice structure in general. 2.1 Men and women from all social groups are aware of their basic rights and fundamental freedoms and have equal means to access formal and informal justice Internal burundian dialogue, CNDI (6 month mandate, reneweable endlessly), has been started but appears not inclusive at all and seems forced / prepared by government. systems (legal empowerment, access to justice) The CVR, commission officially started November 2014 but only seriously started working in 2016. Mandate is for 4 years to research/investigate/discuss a period running from 2.2 All justice institutions perform their tasks effectively, accountably and in better coordination, responding to the needs of citizens (justice sector reform) 1965-2008, possible to extend once. A controversial ruling from the Constitutional Court paved the way for president Nkurunziza's third term in office. 2.3 The justice system is independent and effectively curbs abuse of power by state institutions, armed actors or powerful private actors 2.4 Formal and informal justice institutions effectively address legacies of human rights violations and serious crimes committed during periods of armed conflict or dictatorship, and address root causes that give rise to conflict (transitional justice) Indicator 1: Indicator on Human Rights and Rule of Law - Fragile States Index Indicator 2: Rule of Law overall standing World Justice Project Rule of Law index 7.9 8.0 8.2 8.2 Indicator 3: Confidence in Judicial System Indicator 4: Civil justice free of improper government influence - World Justice Project Rule of Law index Indicator 5: Criminal justice free of improper government influence - Indicator 6: Corruption Perceptions Index -Transparency International 19 21 20 21 Corruption Perceptions Index - Transparency International Result question 2b: To what extent have your programmes contributed to these results? 2.1 Men and women from all social groups are aware of their basic rights and fundamental freedoms and have equal means to access formal and informal justice systems (legal empowerment, access to justice) 2.2 All justice institutions perform their tasks effectively, accountably and in better coordination, responding to the needs of citizens (justice sector reform) 2.3 The justice system is independent and effectively curbs abuse of power by state institutions, armed actors or powerful private actors 2.4 Formal and informal justice institutions effectively address legacies of human rights violations and serious crimes committed during periods of armed conflict or dictatorship, and address root causes that give rise to conflict (transitional justice) ZMA programme has not addressed Rule of Law issues in 2015. Focus has remained on the security sector, i.e. police and military (see result question 1). Assessment of results achieved by NL across the entire Result Area 2 Rule of law B. Results achieved as planned No results were planned. We aim to broaden our focus more on additional Rule of Law issues, if possible (crisis allowing). Steps will be modest but aimed at increasing knowledge about rights of citizens. Additionally, we hope to be able to play a role in transitional justice efforts of CVR or CVR related issues. In the root causes tender we already took that aspect into account by requiring NGO's to formulate activities on transitional justice.
Result Area 3 Result question 3a: To what extent are processes and political governance in place that stimulate peace and stability? (country level) 3.1 Programmes are adjusted to the local situation on the basis of adequate conflict analysis 3.2 Domestic and international actors take responsibility for effective and inclusive mechanisms for peacebuilding and prevention of conflict at different levels, with an active role for women (Inclusive peace building, UNSCR resolution 1325) 3.3 Ensure effective, responsive, inclusive, participatory and representative decision-making at all levels Peace processes and political governance There is no broad political dialogue in Burundi that involves all relevant parties. In addition, coordination of activities aimed at conflict prevention between international organisations like UN, AU, EAC is insufficiently organised. Former president Mkapa (Tanzania) recently joined the mediation efforts of Pres Museveni (Uganda), who acts as a mediator between conflicting parties, on behalf of EAC. While there is agreement on the assessment of the crisis in Burundi between most of international organisations, there are significant differrent points of view between countries involved. This limits possibilities for the international community to push for a solution. See result area 2 for CVR and CNDI. Indicator 1: Factionalised elites 7.9 7.9 7.9 N/A Indicator 2: Group Grievance 8.1 8.1 8.0 N/A Indicator 3: Confidence in national government Indicator 4: State legitimacy - Fragile State Index 8.4 8.1 8.4 N/A Result question 3b: To what extent have your programmes contributed to these results? 3.1 Programmes are adjusted to the local situation on the basis of adequate conflict analysis 3.2 Domestic and international actors take responsibility for effective and inclusive mechanisms for peacebuilding and prevention of conflict at different levels, with an active role for women (Inclusive peace building, UNSCR resolution 1325) 3.3 Ensure effective, responsive, inclusive, participatory and representative decision-making at all levels This ZMA has stopped financing the monitoring of elections in Burundi through basketfund UNDP after violence erupted spring 2015 along with other participating donors in the fund. A running programme with NIMD which focuses on democratic principles (schools for democracy). In this difficult crisis situation it is a programme that may possibly keep track of some political developments. Has been set up to activily engage future politicians but in current crisis nothing works as planned. Adequate conflict analysis has not been done. Had discussions with DSH on 1325 and agreed that due to ongoing crisis will delay active focus on activities 1325. ZMA has an ongoing independent media programme with La Benevolencija. Focus is to present independent information on situation in Burundi. Has been unable to function properly since May 2015 due to destruction of the physical infrastructure of the involved radio stations. Continued assistance during 2015 was aimed at keeping media present in Burundi afloat as much as possible. Not easy, since 4 directors had fled and did not return. La Benevolencija started with registering hate speech (confidential info) by media. Of the 6 partners Iwacu (newspaper) has been able to continue producing their paper. However, reaches a very limited public because it is written/internet. In 2015 two art. 8 meetings were held (Januari and March). The election process ran an unexpected course despite insistence on free, fair and incusive elections within the art 8 dialogue. Opposition backed out of the elections. EU observers left before elections took place and NL did not pay the third tranche to the UNDP managed elections basket fund. Due to the fact that the incumbent president was sworn in at the end of July for a contested third mandate without consensus within made Nl decide to suspend direct assistance to Burundian government. Other Eu countries did the same thing. The EU started an art 96 dialogue. A meeting on art 96 took place on 8 december with chairmanship of the Dutch minister for FA. Burundi did not reply to the questions regarding human rights, freedom of independent media, inclusive dialoog, etc. EU direct assistance to Government has been stopped in 2016 (without halting running projects though). Assessment of results achieved by NL across the entire Result Area 3 Peace processes and political governance C. Results achieved poorer than planned C because media has not achieved results, but NIMD still continues with schools for democracy. NIMD continues until end of 2017. Mediaprogramme has been extended until end of 2016. After that, depending on crisis, remains to be seen how to continue. Because continuation remains priority for ZMA, independent info for Burundians is sorely needed.
Result Area 4 Result question 4a: To what extent have sustainable services and employment opportunities aimed at key conflict-related grievances especially for marginalized groups increased and improved? 4.1 Government institutions, (local) civil society and the private sector increase sustainable income-generating opportunities (incl. for IDPs and hosted refugees) in a conflict sensitive manner, working towards inclusive development and social cohesion 4.2 Governments institutions, (local) civil society and the private sector improve (equitable access to) basic services (incl. for IDPs and hosted refugees) in a manner that increases legitimacy of institutions and social cohesion Social and economic reconstruction Indicator 1: Public services - 8.3 8.6 8.3 N/A Indicator 2: Poverty & economic decline, including unemployment 9.1 8.8 8.5 N/A Indicator 3: Perception of individual well-being: a) job satisfaction b) standard of living UNDP Human Development Report a) 64.7 b) 0.355 a) N/A b) 0.389 a) N/A b) 0.400 a) N/A b) N/A UNDP Human Development Report Indicator 4: Uneven economic development - 7.6 7.5 7.7 N/A