THE IMPLEMENTATION OF PRESIDENT AND VICE PRESIDENT ELECTION IN 2004 IN SUB DISTRICT OF MANGGALA MAKASSAR CITY SOUTH OF SULAWESI PROVINCE

THE IMPLEMENTATION OF PRESIDENT AND VICE PRESIDENT ELECTION IN 2004 IN SUB DISTRICT OF MANGGALA MAKASSAR CITY SOUTH OF SULAWESI PROVINCE 1 Edys Riyanto, 2 Iin Nurfadhilah Basri 1 Doctoral Degree Government Sciences Programs Institute of Government Sciences, Indonesia 2 Public Administration Institute Jatinangor West Java Province, Indonesia ABSTRACT Democracy in Indonesia is a constitutional democracy, this is signed by limited government power in the constitution. Based on Electoral Commission Regulation Number 4 in 2014 on Steps, Program and Schedule Implementation President and Vice President Election in 2014 that in Sub District of Manggala City of Makassar consist of three steps, those are steps of preparation, implementation and completion. Implementation of Presidential Election ini Sub District Manggala Makassar City in 2014 only did in one round. Implementation of President and Vice President Election did in the same time in all Indonesia regions. Electoral Commission Regulation Number 4 of 2014 on steps, program, schedule of Implementation President and Vice President Election In 2014 on July 9th, 2014 which socialized either by Electoral Commission, Electoral Commission of Province dan Local Electoral Commission in all Indonesia region. Therefore, implementation President and Vice President Election did in Sub District of Manggala also follow the way or procedure enclosed in Electoral Commission s Decision. Based on report data and complaint of Committee Controller of Election Makassar City on update data and Voter list and all interview above can be concluded that implementation of update data did by PPDP and Electoral Commission has not optimum. Less optimum update voter list caused by some things such as low Human Resources, because PPDP consider passive in update voter list and less competent in doing their duties. Less socialization by Electoral Commission on update Voter list thus many society who did not know and less preparation (Technical Counseling) gave by Electoral Commission to the implementer of Election in the level of Sub District and Political Regency. Also most citizen passive in update voter list thus many inaccurate data. Implementation of the presidential elections in the sub district of Mangala Makassar City leaved some problems in several process steps. Still there were many mistakes that were far from the value of democracy, such as the determination of DPT was still not accurate, the black campaign, money politics, the organizers negligence in the distribution of the summons to the people listed in the DPT and the decrease of public participation. KEYWORD: Democracy, Presidential Election I. INTRODUCTION 1.1. Background Democracy is a form or mechanism of government system of a country as the effort to make people sovereignty (people power) in the name of country to manage by the state government. Since the Independence day August 17th, 1945, Basic Law 1945 gave description that Indonesia is a democracy state. Indonesia is one of countries in the world that implement the highest democracy admitted by other country. Democracy in Indonesia has changed since Indonesia independence, since that time democracy in Indonesia has many changes until able to steps in which Indonesia implement democracy admitted as one of the 3 biggest countries in implementing democracy. 92

Pancasila as Indonesia nation ideology obligated our country to elect either President, Local Head or Council Members supported with reformation movement. Started reformation in May 1998 caused changing to political system in Indonesia one of them is election system. This was directly implemented in the election of 1999 followed by some political parties. Then it continued to the election of 2004 beside followed by some political parties, in the election of 2004 also conducted President and Vice President Election directly, common, free, secret, honest and fair by people. In the forth principle said that democracy leads by good policy in a conference/elected representatives become the basic admittanceof people sovereign that become the basic principle of democracy. Democracy in Indonesia is a constitutional democracy, this is signed by limited government power in the constitution. This limited government power enclosed in state constitutional of Indonesia in the Article 1 subsection (2) and (3) Basic Law 1945, that is The sovereignty in the hand of people and implemented according to basic law and Indonesia state is a law state. One of the form of people sovereignty is the implementation of Election to elect either President, Local Head or City Council that implemented democratically and civilized through extensive people participation based on principles of direct, common, free, secret, honest and fair. The election as society place to participate in determining nation leader also as theprove that the democracy process are implemented. The election is directly by people as the implementation of people sovereignty to result democratic state government based on Pancasila and 1945 Basic Law of Republic Indonesia. The election is a competition arena. Win or lose of a candidate will be determine by the voice of people who select him or her by using the election mechanism. The election gives opportunity for citizens to select government officers that consider able to aspirate their will. The election considers as the most real form of democracy also the most concrete form of people participation in state implementation. Ramlan Surbakti in Teguh Ilham (2013:59-60) said that there are three aims conducted election. The third aims are as follow: 1. As the mechanism to select government leaders and public policy alternatives in democracy. Based on the democracy principles that consider people sovereignty, but in the implementation do by their representatives (representative democration). Therefore, the election is a selection mechanism and delegation or giving sovereignty to trusted people or party. To determine policy alternative that should be done by government usually related to principles things some countries to conduct the election as the form of selection mechanism of public policy. It usually people who select ask to state agree or disagree to the policy offer by the government. The election determined fundamental public policy called referendum. 2. The election also said as the mechanism to remove interest conflict from public to legislative assembly through people representatives elected or parties that won the chair thus society integration keepsecured. This is based on consideration in the society not only for different interest but also sometimes against each other and in democracy system the difference or interest contradiction is not solved by violence but through deliberation process. 3. The election is a medium to mobilize and or to gain people support to State and Government by participate in political process. This third case is not only established in developing countries but also in liberal democracy (developed industry countries) although the characteristics are different. Jimly Asshiddiqie in Ilham (2013: 60) stated that there are 4 aims of election: 1. To make possible governmental leadership changing in orderly and peacefully 2. To make possible the changing of government officers that will represent people interest in Legislative Assembly 3. To perform people sovereignty principles in representative institution 4. To perform citizens rights principle In a simple concept implementation have the same meaning as the policy implementation concept. Implementation of the policy is an attempt to find out the real results of a program that has been designed and implemented and also implemented by the government. The success of the implementation process according to Edward cited by Subarsono (2010: 90) is influenced by factors that are most important requirement of a successful implementation process. These factors are: 1. Communications, is a program that can be implement properly if it s clear to the 93

implementator. This involves a process of conveying information, clarity and consistency in submitting information. 2. Resources, in this case includes four components, namely the fulfillment of the number of staff and the quality, information that is necessary for decision-making or sufficient authority to carry out the responsibilities and duties and the facility that is required for the implementation. 3. Disposition, attitude and commitment of the implementation of the program, especially for those who become implementers of the program. 4. The structure of the bureaucracy, which is SOP (Standard Operating Procedures), which organize the flow of the program. If it is not difficult to achieve the satisfactory results, special settlement arena without a standard pattern. In the leadership mechanism President should responsible to People s Consultative Assembly (National Level) as the Assembly elected from people. Thus in hierarchy people is the owner of state leadership through representative mechanism elected in the election. Article 6A Basic Law of Republic Indonesia of 1945 stated that President and Vice President elected in one pair directly by people. A pair candidate of President and Vice President proposed by Political Party or Combine of Political Party as the participant of election before the implementation of Election. In the National Law No 42 of 2008 on the Election of President and Vice President explained that the implementation of it conduct with goal to elect President and Vice President gained strong support from people thus able to do the function of state government power in order to achieve national goals as amendment in the Introduction Basic Law of Republic Indonesia of 1945. Furthermore to arrange the Election of President and Vice President, this National Law stated clearly strong and effective presidential system, that president and vice president elected not only hold strong legitimation from people, but also need supporting bases from National Legislative Assembly in order to perform government effectiveness. The national law was also arranged the election implementation mechanism of President and Vice President to have high integration of President and Vice President, respecting ethics and moral, also have good capacity and capability. The election of President and Vice President implemented after the election of National Legislative Assembly, Local Legislative Body and Regional Legislative Assembly and conducted by Election Commission. The implementation Election of President and Vice President oriented to steps, programs and schedule as stated in the Commission Rule of Election No 4 of 2014 on Steps, Programs and Schedule Implementation Election of President and Vice President. In this rule the implementation of President Election oriented to principles of independent, honest, fair, rule of law, public interest, openness, proportionality, professionalism, accountability, efficiency and effectiveness. The implementation of President Election in Sub District of Manggala City of Makassar in 2014 there was mistake and dispute of it. In the journey process there were many problems and violation in it that decrease democracy values aimed to make people sovereignty. The level of society participation in President Election Sub District of Manggala of Makassar City had decreased compared than the level of participation in the legislative election. Some possibilities that caused decreasing participation such as socialization by the Election Commission was not optimum. This caused to decreasing of legitimization level in the elected candidate. The completion of DPT (List of Permanent Electors) by Election Commission was not valid. This was proved by some electors were not on the list in DPT and there are negligence by the organizer in the distribution of the summons to the people listed in the DPT (List of Permanent Electors), thus they could not participate in local democracy party in order to give his or her sovereignty. The process of President Election in Sub District of Manggala Makassar City also disgraced by bad campaign process that did not give political education for the people. These all had disgraced Election Commission and it s members institution as organizer institution of independent that should be honest, fair and clean, thus able to do its duties well. 1.2 Problems 1.2.1 Problem s Identification Based on those background, thus problem identification formulated through this research are: 94

1. Invalid of DPT (List of Permanent Electors) 2. Unhealthy Campaign Implementation (the presence of black campaign, start campaigning before the schedule and money politics) 3. Negligence by the organizer in the distribution of the summons to the people listed in the DPT 4. Decreased of society participation (level) in the implementation of Pilpres. 1.2.2 Limitation of the Problem This research the writer limited to problems in the implementation steps of President and Vice President Election in Sub District of Manggala Makassar City in 2014. 1.2.3 Problems Formulation 1. How does the implementation of President and Vice President Election Particularly in the Implementation Step in Sub District of Manggala Makassar City? 2. What are the factors that become obstacles in the implementation of President and Vice President Election particularly in The Implementation Steps in Sub District of Manggala of Makassar City? 1.3 Aim and Purpose 1.3.1 Goals 1. To describe the implementation President Election in Sub District of Manggala of Makassar City in the implementation steps. 2. To describe the factors that become obstacle in the implementation of President Election in Sub District of Manggala of Makassar City. 1.3.2 The Aims of the Research Aims of this research are to describe the process implementation of President and Vice President Election in Sub District of Manggala of Makassar City in 2014 based on the established Rule of Law. 1.4. Benefits 1.4.1 Practical Benefits 1. This research hopefully able to give contribution for KPU of Makassar City or Local Government as evaluation material for the implementation of President Election in Sub District of Manggala of Makassar City in 2014. 2. This research also could be media to give society understanding to implement President Election based on principles of directly, general, free, secret, honest and fair. 1.5. Definitions of Object Concepts Observed and Investigation 1.5.1. Definition of Implementation According to G.R Terry the definition of implementation is an effort to make all group members like to implement achievement of aims by with his or her consciousness and guide to their organization effort. Then Iwan Purwanto explained that implementation is to make all organization member willing to cooperate and do it sincere also passion to reach goals based on planning and their organization efforts. Then Siagian stated that the implementation is entire process of giving motive to work to subordinator as best as he or she can do thus they are willing to work sincerely for the reaching of organization s goals efficiently and economicly Based on the definition of implementation above can be concluded that the implementation is a series of activities conducted with hope to make group members able to cooperate in doing group program in order to achieve collective goals determined previosly effectively and efficiently 1.5.2. Definition of Election In National Law Number 15 in 2011, Article 1 Subsection 1, stated that Election is a media of Implementing People Sovereignty which conduct directly, common, free, secret, honest and fair in Republic Indonesia state based on Pancasila and Basic Law of Republic Indonesia in 1945. Soedarsono in Rivani (2013: 107) stated that Universal election is an instrument to create people sovereignty, to make legitimate government and 95

suggestions to articulate people aspiration and interest. As media to create people sovereignty thus election conducted by on principles of directly, common, free, secret, honest and fair for the creation of democration that very honor freedom and equality in the front of law. Prof. H. Rozali Abdullah, S.H stated that Quality of Election is basically can be seen in two sides, those are the sides of process and output. The election can be said qualify from the side of process, if the election conducted democratically, safe, order and smooth, also fair and honest. While if from the side of output. The election should able to result people representatives and state leader who able to give people welfare beside also able to raise dignity and prestige in the international world view. II. METHOD 2.1. Method Data is an essential ingredient to answer the research objectives. Therefore the quality of research is largely determined by the quality of data. To obtain the data, the author conducted a process called data collection. Methods of data collection are the most strategic step in the study, because the main objective of the research is to obtain the data. If researchers do not know the method of data collection, the researchers will not get the data that can meet the standards of the data set. According to Silalahi (2012: 280) data collection is "as a process of gaining empirical data through respondents using a particular method". This means that before we collect the data, we must first determine the data collection technique called method of data collection, so that the quality of data is obtained. Tabel 2.1 Types of Respondents Used By the Author NO. TYPE OF RESPONDENT TOTAL (1) (2) (3) 1. KPU Commissioner of 2 Makassar; 2. Panwaslu of Makassar; 1 3. Subdistrict Collection 1 Committee; 4. Elction District Supervisory 1 Committee; 5. Voting Committe (PPS) ; 1 6. Political Party 2 6. Voters Data Update Committe 1 (PPDP); 7. Election Supervisor (PPL) 1 and; 8. Community Leaders 2 TOTAL 12 III. ANALYSIS AND RECOMMENDATION 3.1. Analysis 3.1.1. The Implementation Steps of Presidential Election in Sub District of Manggala City of Makassar Based on Electoral Commission Regulation Number 4 in 2014 on Steps, Program and Schedule Implementation President and Vice President Election in 2014 that in Sub District of Manggala City of Makassar consist of three steps, those are steps of preparation, implementation and completion. Implementation of Presidential Election ini Sub District Manggala Makassar City in 2014 only did in one round. Implementation of President and Vice President Election did in the same time in all Indonesia regions. Electoral Commission Regulation Number 4 of 2014 on steps, program, schedule of Implementation President and Vice President Election In 2014 on July 9th, 2014 which socialized either by Electoral Commission, Electoral Commission of Province dan Local Electoral Commission in all Indonesia region. Therefore, implementation President and Vice President Election did in Sub District of Manggala also follow the way or procedure enclosed in Electoral Commission s Decision. Implementation President and Vice President Election in Sub District of Manggala City of Makassar did by Electoral Commission of Sub District (PPK) Sub District Manggala as the implementer in Election activity level of Sub District, 96

thus entire process of Presidential Election fully give to Committee Election of Sub District of Sub District Manggala. Then after the Election process implemented thus Committee Election of Sub District of Sub District Manggala give report to Local Electoral Commission Makassar City as the responsibility result on entire activity implementation President and Vice President Election in Sub District of Manggala City of Makassar. The steps Implementation of Presidential Election in Sub District of Manggala City of Makassar started by giving Citizen Data of Potensial Voter Election (DP4) by Local Government to Electoral Commission (KPU) and ended by recapitulation activity President and Vice President Election Result in Sub District of Manggala City of Makassar. Steps of program and schedule of implementation Presidential Election in Sub District of Manggala City of Makassar adjusted based on steps, schedule and program determined from KPU. The series steps activity implementation. Other problem occured in the implementation Presidential Election was society participation. Society participation and Election member become so important to secure accuracy of Voter List. This role could not be implemented by Electoral Commission along with their staff in local because many reasons. The first, the late formation of PPDP in many areas. The second, the late formation of secretariat PPS thus Secretariat of Electorial Commission Regency/City that serve PPS need administratively, particularly finance. The third, PPS and PPDP considered passive in update Temporary Voter List, that was waiting for citizen in the Village/Village. The fourth, socialization on update voter list was so limited thus activity update of voter list passive because many reasons, such as feel has registered because had become voter in the last Election, do not know nothing. When and where update of voter list or waiting for officer visit. Therefore, no wonder if only some citizens who check on Temporary Voter List. The report and finding handled by Committee Controller of Election Makassar City related to the problem at the time implementation of update data and Voter List can be seen in Table 3.1 below. TABLE 3.1 The Details of Outline and Report Handled by Committee Controller of Election Makassar City on Update Permanent Voter List No. Reports/Findings Handing and Further Action (1) (2) (3) 1. Finding No. 001/TM/Committee Controller of Election - Mks/Presidential Election/VII/2014 2. Report No: 003/LP/Committee Controller of Election - Mks/Presidential Election/2014 By considering Number: 001/TM/Committee Controller of Election - Mks/Presidential Election/VII/2014 on 9 July 2014 on voter who assume vote moe than one time on the pollingday President and Vice President Election in 2014, based on prove investigation, witnesses and investigation result also Discussion meeting in Sentra Gakkumdu Makassar City stated fulfil formal and material to continue to Investigator of Indonesian Police. By considering on report: 003/LP/Committee Controller of Election - Mks/Presidential 97

Election/2014 on 9 July 2014 on unlisted Voter in DPT, Committee Controller of Election Makassar City did not continue the report meant because it was not accomodate as voter by using ID or KTP and Family Card or Kartu Keluarga (DPKTb). Source: Book of Final Report Performance of Monitoring Committee Controller of Election Makassar City, 2014 The problem with inaccurate Voter List stated by Commissioner Local Electoral Commission of Makassar Rahma Saiyed, SS., M.Comn based on interview on 30 January 2015, said: If from Polling Places they took voter ID cards, if there is not it, Family Card then procees in Electoral Commission to system, then will find out double ID number or not, similar names become obstacle, from the system. If we do not know the voter is same or different that s become problem, after checked by system sometime could denied but only few data input different it means the voter is not on the list. What we have before but when we input it into system, there is obstacle. Or it may be uncompleted register number or the voter bring Family card but after it check the person is not exist. The Interview result with Rian a member of PPDP on 18 January 2015 supported the interview above. He said: DP4 actually has completed, but inaccurate data, it prove from Verification of Voter List proved still there are wrong data such died voter or double data, but we keep update. Last obstacle we experienced at the time of update data there were citizens did not have ID and Family Card, the second obstacle such as newcomers from outside, he or she has stayed long in Makassar but he or she has not got ID, thus we did not input him or her to DPT, because he or she is not Makassar citizen, because our citizen belong ID. But we coordinate with village and they said they have lived long enough in Makassar, thus we still input them to DPT, and their ID will manage by Village party. We also had difficulties by our citizen who wandering, then she or he back and asked to be voter, the officer duty on the field was not there. Thus for the anticipation we made a space, we open registration again, but it 14 days before Pollingday as limited time, thus after that there was no complaint again The problems on DPT also stated by Head Division of Data Ibu Nurkhaeriyyah, the interview result on 19 January 2015, as follow: PPDP sometime less to check data in below level such as RT/RW, because double Voter, there was Voter in other Sub District, PPDP less maximum, she or he had to check who died, so the human resources were incompetent. Voter in level of Sub District less registered because not listed, and sometime he or she was not at home and PPDP did not update. Below human resources were less competent. Many double voter in the level of Polling places, sometime its PPDP did not work well, did not input all. Thus happened unlisted voter. Error update date also expressed by Mrs. Yani a member of Controller Committee Sub District Manggala on 21 January 2015, said: Error happened at the time of update Voter List in Sub District Manggala such as double Voter, died citizen still listed in DPT, and there were complaint to society because they did not include in DPT. Violation also expressed by Mr Wirman a PPS of Village in the interview on l 14 January 2015, said: Some society were not on the list of DPT. Because they were lazy to come to check whether they listed in DPT. They who were not on the list of DPT. PPS did not compose DPT, there was no data synchronization that PPS proposed with Voter list by Electoral Commission. They did not published what PPS proposed, thus many voters not listed and 98

there were some listed in PPS Antang but in other place. Based on report data and complaint of Committee Controller of Election Makassar City on update data and Voter list and all interview above can be concluded that implementation of update data did by PPDP and Electoral Commission has not optimum. Less optimum update voter list caused by some things such as low Human Resources, because PPDP consider passive in update voter list and less competent in doing their duties. Less socialization by Electoral Commission on update Voter list thus many society who did not know and less preparation (Technical Counseling) gave by Electoral Commission to the implementer of Election in the level of Sub District and Political Regency. Also most citizen passive in update voter list thus many inaccurate data. 3.1.2. Supplying and Distributing Equipments of Collecting and Counting Ballot Box President and Vice President Election in Sub District of Manggala City of Makassar Electoral Commission (KPU), KPU Province and KPU Regency/City are the organized institution of National Election, permanent and independent that has duty to do election in each level. One of duties and authorities of Electoral Commission is to set up all equipment (logistics) related to implementation of Election, either in Election of DPR, DPRD, DPD members also President and Vice President Election. The management of logistics should be paid attention to principles of right of amount, type, target, on time, quality also efficiency of budget. In the implementation Election there are types of need equipment of logistics such as: a. Ballot b. Ink c. Seal d. Ballot box e. Chamber vote f. Punching ballot tool g. Polling Places h. Paper cover i. Sticker Number of ballot j. Disorder voter s aid k. Equipment in Polling places Supplying equipments of Election did by General of KPU such as ballot, ink, seal and disorder voter s aid. While other equipment authorized to KPU Province and KPU Regency/City. The Implementation of sorting and fold of ballot President and Vice President Election did in 3 (three) days started from 27 to 29 June in 2014 located in the Office of KPU Makassar City, Jl. Perumnas Raya Antang No. 2A that involved sorting people approximately 200 people. Sum of ballot President and Vice President Election In 2014 sorting result was based on added DPT with reserve 2.5%. While bad ballot as many as 5.896 sheets also over ballot as many as 6.282 sheets then destroyed in the yard office of KPU Makassar City. After all logistic completed did packaging then distributed to Committee Election Of Sub District Makassar City. While for distribution to village (PPS) started after distributed to Committee Election of Sub District had enclosed it all. For Sub District of Manggala distribution of ballot and chamber vote did on 25 June 2014. Complete equipment of Polling places sent on 28 June 2014 and ballot gave to Secretariat Committee Election Sub District (PPK) Manggala on 2 July 2014. Steps of supplying and distributing logistics secured 24 hours by Local Police Unit of South Sulawesi and West Sulawesi. In this step guided to Regulation of Electoral Commission Number 18 In 2014 on Norms, Standard Needs of Supplying and Distributing Equipment of Implementation President and Vice President Election In 2014. In the process of distribution, did after sorting and packaging activity carefully to prevent mistakes at the time it arrived in the polling places that can disturb the process of balloting. The 99

distribution of balloting logistics Presidential Election in Makassar City also should be done with prority scale based on distance, time needed, geographic location, difficulties and security level. The Implementation of supplying and distribution of logistics, expressed by Commissioner of Local Electoral Commission of Makassar Rahma Saiyed, SS., M.Comn at the the time of interview on 30 January 2015, he said that: Distributing logistics was run well but there were obstacle at the time distributing to Sub District a little bit late. The lateness because distance to Sub Districts were quite far also traffic jam to it. However for Sub District of Manggala had on time because short distance. The result of interview with Andi Shaifuddin, S.Pd., S.Ag. MA a member of KPU Makassar City Division of Planning Program and Logistics on 30 January 2015 also said: Distribution generally was smooth, but there was some inadequacy such as some were not enough and not completed, but it had anticipated by taking to nearest Polling places at the time of pollingday. For supplying was smooth, all did by tender. Interview with Head Committee Controller of Election Makassar City Agus Arief, S.H., M.H. on 15 January 2015, said: The distribution of logistics was run well, controlling we did during 24 hours with no violation. We controlled started from early distribution of logistics to Sub District until to the level of pps. We did not found any cheating in the distribution of logistics. From the interview result above, it can be concluded that KPU Makassar City did distribution of Logistic well, distribution of logistic in Sub District Manggala did on time or without any mistake. 3.1.4 Campaign Campaign according to National Law number 42 in 2008 was Election activity to confince voters by offering vision and mission also program from candidate of President and Vice President. Campaign has important role in the success result of Presidential Election. In this campaign, two from four function of Presidential Election expressed by Sahlan and Marwan, that is as the media to give politics education and citizen awarenesss in politics and composing social contract can be realized. Therefore, based on Regulation of KPU Number 16 In 2014 on Campaign in President and Vice President Election In 2014, Campaign should be done by principles of honest, opened, dialogue, also responsibility and as the part from politics society education. This is an activity does by a pairs candidates or team campaign or organizator of Campaign or officer of campaign to confince voter in order to get much supports, by offering vision and mission and program of pairs candidates orally or written to society. Based on the implementation of Campaign planned by KPU, thus KPU Makassar City started this process by conducted a coordination meeting preparation of Campaign Presidential Election in Makassar. In the meeting did at the KPU Makassar office, the party of Local Electoral Commission of Makassar discussed on preparation of Campaign presented by Parpol or success team from both of candidates. Beside it attended by sum of success Team, the meeting also followed by member of (Committee Controller of Election ) and member of KPU Makassar. The meeting aggred together, to make the success team both candidate of President obey valid regulation in the implementation Campaign, that was to obey and follow the regulation of attributes assembly of Campaign. There were three places prepared by KPU The City of Makasssar such as in the field of Karebosi Makassar, Field of BTP Tamalanrea and Field of Hertasning Makassar. On 10 June 2014, KPU Makassar City gave Decision Letter to KPU Makassar City Nomor : 45/Kpts/KPU-MKS-025.4333481/In 2014 on Schedule Determination, Time and Place of General Meeting Members Campaign of President and Vice President Election Level Makassar City In 2014 to both Team Campaign Pairs of President and Vice 100

President related to Campaign Presidential Election in Makassar City in 2014 on 4 June to 5 July 2014. Based on the Letter of KPU Makassar City Number: 448/KPU-MKS-025.433481/VII/2014 on controlling attribute of Campaign should be done maximum one day after the last Campaign over. It also aimed to Head Electoral Commission of Sub District (PPK) to give aspiration to each staff organized in the territorial working to clean the Location around radius 200 m from the Polling places from all attribute it can be means that Campaign pairs candidate of President and Vice President In 2014 based on the letter of KPU Makassar City Number: 449/KPU-MKS- 025.433481/VII/2014. In the reality many violations happen at the time of implementation Campaign. Money Politics as one of violations often happened at the time of implementation Election either at the time members Election of DPR, DPD, DPRD or Election President and Vice Presidents. Other violations happened at the time of implementation President and Vice President Election such as: 1. There were many attributes of Campaign spreaded did not based on PKPU on attributes such as in the threes, city park, protocol street also electrical and phone pole. 2. The coordination between KPU Makassar City and the Government in the case of controlling attributes campaign often cancelled and only one time did controlling during campaign period. 3. The presence of picture/sticker mark in one pairs President and Vice President in government vehicles. 4. There was black campaign in this case there was violation related to religion problem. Black campaign did by particular group to spread bad image many occured. These were enclosed in the meeting and report handled by Committee Controller of Election Makassar City Nomor : 001/TM/Committee Controller of Election -Mks/Presidential Election/VII/2014 on 3 July in 2014 on presumptive assembly of picture/sticker one pairs candidates of President and Vice President to official vehicle. The violation above also stated by PPS Antang Mr Wirman with interview result on 14 January 2015, he said that: Implementation Campaign at Presidential Election 2014 that become obstacle was getting off attributes, they did not want to leash of their billboard. We had told that the party of Panwas to give warning. The violation expressed by a member of Commissioner KPU Abdullah Mansur, Shi based on the interview result on 30 January 2015, said that: If the limplementation Campaign found, such as violation of administration in government places. But we had handle it by giving letter to related party or came directly. At the time campaign time had over still had some billboards show off and we had gave letter to getting it off Violation to Campaign also found by member of political party Mrs Dr. Kasma F Amin, M.HUM with the interview result on 26 January 2015, he said that: In the implementation Campaign who act are politics man. If KPU had determined Campaign schedule, sometimes parties had done it previously. It meant they did it before start. Clash must be happened, particularly on billboards problem, clash happened because society who would like to choose Jokowi but Prabowo billboard had settled first. Also at the time of implementation of Election surely happen money politics and black campaign either (PILKADA/), (PILEG) or Presidential Election. Violation of Campaign also expressed by Head Controller Committee of Sub District Antang Mrs Yani, from the interview 21 January 2015, she said: At the last Presidential Election 2014 violation was not to many than with PILEG, it caused by the candidates only 2 different with Many tricks did by candidate such as giving help or aid, but the truth is money politic. There is also black campaign did by 101

10,413 13,079 5,631 12,274 10,346 9,088 60,831 32 44 28 35 23 25 187 10,381 13,035 5,603 12,239 10,323 9,063 60,644 Manggal a Bangkala Tamanga pa Antang Batua Borong particular group to spread bad image to other candidate many happened last PILEG who had many candidates to choose. Ussual violations on expired billboard or billboard showed not based on regulation and even they did it before start in the implementation of Campaign. Interview with Head Electoral Commission of Sub District Manggala Mr Johansyah on 31 January 2015, said: By seeing condition, still the prove from Committee Controller of Election got parties who did money politics however can be handle thus the problem did not blow up able to solve and controll. Interview with Public Figure Mr Mangasing on 24 January 2015, he said: Interview with public figures named Mr. Samsul, the interview result on 26 January 2015, as follow:black campaign did to spread bad image of other candidates, team of Campaign one of pairs spread bad information with aimed to decrease support from society. Based on Secondary data and interview results above, it can be concluded that implementation Campaign in Presidential Election has not give politic awareness because disgrace by many violation found such as Campaign not in time, money politics and black campaign, added with less handling by KPU, Committee Controller of Election and Government Makassar City. 3.1.5 Polling and Vote Counting Polling and Vote Counting Presidential Election in Sub District of Manggala City of Makassar In 2014 did on Wednesday 9 July 2014. The day became holiday in Indonesia thus society daily activities not become obstacle to implement democractic party. Technically polling and vote counting of Presidential Election in Sub District of Manggala City of Makassar arranged in Electoral Commission Number 19 In 2014 On Polling and Vote Voting in Polling Places in President and Vice President Election In 2014. The most important thing in the regulation such as ballot stated valid: a) ballot signed by Head of KPPS ; and b) Punching sign only to 1 (one) printed column to one pairs candidate; or c) Punching sign only to 1 (one) printed column which enclosed number, photo and name of pairs candidate which had determined; or d) Punching sign more than one, but stil in one printed column which enclosed number, photo and name of pairs candidate; or e) Punching sign to printed column which enclosed number, photo and name of pairs candidate; f) Punching sign in the position in line perforated to back and not to printed column of other pairs candidate. Sum valid and invalid ballot in Sub District of Manggala City of Makassar at President and Vice President Election in 2014 can be seen in table 3.2 below: Table 5.2 Data of Valid and Invalid Ballot President and Vice President Election in 2014 in Sub District Manggala N o III Outline Valid and Invalid Data Village Tot al Su m 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1. Total Valid Ballot Total 2. Invalid Ballot Total Valid 3. and Invalid Ballot Source: Secretariat KPU Makassar City, 2015 102

10,381 13,035 5,603 12,239 10,323 9,063 60,644 7,152 9,319 4,119 8,769 7,158 6,231 42,748 3,22 3,71 9 6 1,48 4 3,47 3,16 0 2,83 5 2 17,8 96 Manggala Bangkala Tamanga pa Antang Batua Borong Jumlah Akhir Implementation of voting, found some problems. This is expressed by Committee Election of Sub District Manggala Mr Johansyah with interview result on 31 January 2015, he said, that: At the time of voting implementation was not found the problem. Implementationnya worked quite well. Only on the day of voting takes place there were people who not registered in the DPT then complain about the new name was not registered in DPT, but we solve it by using ID cards to choose Problems in the voting process is also disclosed by one community leader named Mr. Mangasing based on interviews on January 24, 2015 said: There were people in the name of DPT but no call, because a lot of importance, so people who are not called he did not want to come to vote, although the rules allow, but the people are not informed, because the Commission did not socialize with less than optimal or adequate explanation to the public From interviews with members of the Voting Committee of Political District Antang Mr. Wirman on January 14, 2015, also said: Constraints in the vote those were, the equipment there were several polling stations ink shortage, there was also TPS that no ink, and there also are no props and complete stationery. This was because we could not check on the polling day we could open. So the last solution, we took from the nearest polling station that excess. The core of the problem was due to negligence in sorting, since we are ordinary man, perhaps exhausted Based on all above it can be concluded interviews for collection and counting went smoothly but still there is negligence by the organizer in the distribution of the summons to the people listed in the DPT. 3.1.6 Recapitulation of Vote Count Results Implementation of recapitulation of votes The President and Vice President Election in 2014 lasted for two weeks. In summary execution at the Village level lasted for two days on 10 to 12 September 2014. Activities recapitulation village N o IV level is open ballot boxes from polling station in the village. Then recited C1 (Note Acquisition Vote Count Results in TPS) and the attachment then the result of the transferred on Form C1 D1. Furthermore Voting Committee (PPS) adds the results of C1 and signed by the witness of political parties which then sent to the Election Committee of Sub-District (PPK). For implementation at district level summary PPK openly on 13 to 14 September 2014. Recapitulation of votes for the presidential level of Makassar held at Grand Asia Hotel which is located in Jl. Pengayoman on July 17, 2014. This event was attended by a witness both pairs of candidates, the Election Supervisory Committee and the District of PPK city of Makassar. Number of votes candidates for President and Vice President in 2014 in the sub district of Manggala Makassar City can be seen in Table 3.3 below: Table 3.3 Number of votes candidates for President and Vice President in 2014 in the sub district of Manggala Makassar City Name Of The Candidate Pair Of President And Vice President Detail Number Of Vote Count Pairs Candidate President And Vice President Village 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1. 2. H. Prabowo Subianto Ir. H.M. Hatta Rajasa Ir. H. Joko Widodo Drs. H.M. Jusuf Kalla Total Valid And Invalid Candidate Of President And Vice President Source: Secretariat KPU Makassar City, 2015 103

No. Based on the recapitulation of votes by the Electoral Commission of Makassar, data showed that the majority of votes won by the candidate number two, Ir. H. Joko Widodo and Drs. H.M. Jusuf Kalla. Implementation of the recapitulation of vote counting raises some problems election administration. Human resources were recruited primarily at the level of KPPS and PPS are low resulting in the election administration issues. This can be seen in KPPS level, there are many errors that Outline 1. Listed Voter 2. Vote users 3. Participation Number occur in the form of writing C1. Not to mention the mistakes made in PPS when transferring numbers from C1 to D1 form at the time of recapitulation at the village (PPS). Voter participation in President and Vice President Election in 2014 in the sub district of Manggala City of Makassar can be seen in table 3.4 below Table 3.4 Voter participation in President and Vice President Election in 2014 In the sub district of Manggala City of Makassar Village Manggala Bangkala Tamangapa Antang Batua Borong Sum LK 7,424 9,504 3,728 9,943 7,979 7,167 45,745 PR 7,941 9,831 3,887 10,329 8,141 7,509 47,638 JML 15,365 19,335 7,615 10,329 16,120 14,676 93,383 LK 4669 6204 2637 5774 4886 4163 28,333 PR 5744 6875 2994 6500 5460 4925 32,498 JML 10413 13079 5631 12274 10346 9088 60,831 The level of community participation in the presidential election in 2014 decreased compared to the 2009 presidential election and Legislative election 2014, at the presidential election in 2009 the level of public participation Sub District of Manggala reached 70.98%, while in 2014 only 65.14% participation rate to legislative election 2014 did before presidential election 2014 also higher than presidential election 2014 hich is 69.72%. This was expressed by the commission Electoral Commission of Makassar Komisionaris Abdullah Mansur, Sh On January 30, 2015, said: Community participation was higher in Legislative Election no wonder compare than presidential election because the candidates are immediately dropped, all the candidates competing for the vote Based on interviews and secondary data can be concluded that the overall implementation of the 67.77% 67.64% 73.95% 60.55% 64.18% 61.92% 65.14% Source: Secretariat KPU Makassar City, 2015 2014 presidential election recapitulation in the sub district of Makassar Manggala lasting gradually from PPS, PPK, and KPU of Makassar did well. However, some technical constraints faced by PPK, especially in the aspects of electoral administration is still an obstacle, so that the process of recapitulation on levels Sub District still leaves many obstacles such as PPS or KPPS still weak in aspects of electoral administration, so that some forms that should be filled completely, still made improvements to the level above it. Model execution or implementation of the policy of The President and Vice President Election in the Sub District Manggala Makassar City is using Edwards s analysis to measure the success of an implementation of policies depend on many factors that are related / 104

linked. In accordance with the disclosed George C. Edwards there are 4 (four) variables or factor that plays an important role in achieving the success of the implementation of the policy. In determining the success can be seen from several indicators of communication, resources, disposition and organizational structure. 1. Communication A policy will be run in accordance with the intended purpose and to be implemented properly in the event of an effective communication between program managers (policy) with the target group (target group). This means that any communication between implementers alignment with the object of the policy is if the purpose and objectives of the program / policy can be delivered as well. Good communication is done in order to avoid any distortion or refraction of policies and programs. This is important because the higher knowledge of the target group of the program are implemented, will reduce the rate of rejection and error in applying the policies and programs. Vice versa, the lower the level of knowledge of the target group for the program to be implemented, the impact on the community responsitas level of programs and policies that trigger rejection rate and error in applying the program and policy In The President and Vice President Election in the district of Makassar Manggala did well and orderly. This was evidenced by the almost total absence of problems that arise during the implementation of the electoral process. From the beginning to the end of the implementation of the election could be run well, where the reference of implementation refers to the time schedule established by Electoral Commission. 2. Resources Each policy must be supported by adequate resources, both human resources and financial resources. Human Resources is the adequacy of both quality and quantity implementer that can cover the entire target group. Financial resources are sufficient investment capital on a program / policy. Without the financial resources of a policy cannot be run with the maximum. While Human Resources is often defined as the power that originates in man which can be power (energy) or strength (power). Power and strength that comes in humans can be ideas, knowledge, experience, and others in the form of the potential physical, moral and intellectual tangible in the form of vocational education, health and forth Both of the above should be considered in the implementation of programs / policies of the government. Because without reliability implementer, policies become less energetic and memorable slow and modest. Quality measurement indicators Manusi Resources can be seen from the skill, dedication, professionalism and competence in the field. Meanwhile, financial resources related to the adequacy of capital or investment in a program or policy to ensure the sustainability of the program to be able to run effectively and quickly in achieving the goals and objectives. In the implementation of the presidential election of 2014 the human resources were not adequate, implementers at the village and sub-district were still lacking a professional and competent in performing their duties. Ad hoc committee formed did not have enough ability and skill in carrying out their duties as were not well equipped. Aside from the lack of human resources, financial resources were also a thing that lacking in the implementation of the presidential election of 2014. The lack of financial sustainability of the presidential election to be one of the factors is less effective and efficient implementation of presidential election. 3. Disposition This disposition is characteristic possessed by implementator policies / programs. The tendency of behavior or characteristics of the implementing policies play an important role in realizing the implementation of the policy in accordance with the goals or objectives. The character in question from the implementer is honesty, commitment and democratic. If seseong implementer has a good disposition, then he will be able to run with good policies such as what is desired by policy makers. 105