Ph.D. Thesis Humberto Cedeno THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE IRAQI OIL PRODUCTION, 1972-2003 2003
CHAPTER I. 1972-1979: 1979: THE IRAQI NATIONALIZATION AND THE FIRST OIL SHOCK The Anglo American firms of the IPC delayed the Iraqi oil expansion. Unlike Iran, Saudi Arabia and Kuwait, Iraq had no very sophisticated oil field facilities.
IRAQ PETROLEUM COMPANY PARTHNER BP PERCENT 23,75 SHELL EXXON + MOBIL COMPAGNIE FRANCAISE DES PETROLES CALOUSTE GULBENKIAN 23,75 23,75 23,75 5,00
CHAPTER I. 1972-1979: 1979: The oilmen could never forgive Baghdad for nationalizing their assets and also for looking for protection with the USSR(4-9-1972)... the Iraqis became marked
Saddam was the man of the USSR and the Warsaw Pact in Iraq during the Cold War KRECH, Hans, Der Bürgerkrieg Iraq Page 3
CHAPTER I. 1972-1979: 1979: PRODUCTION CUTBAKS OF THE ARAB EXPORTERS DURING THE 1973 EMBARGO COUNTRY Saudi Arabia Kuwait and the United Arab Emirates Qatar Libya Algeria Iraq PERCENT 32 % 31 % 29 % 26 % 25 % 5 %
CHAPTER I. 1972-1979: 1979: The Ba'th Prepares Iraq for a War 1972: 1972: 120 Iranians judged on charges of sabotage, espionage and subversion. They were trained in Iraq and East Germany. 1979: 1979: Attempt to overthrow the Saudi government. Among its leaders: Mahrus bin Laden.
THE CHAPTER S S QUOTE Chapter 1 It is... grotesque that Iraqi nationalists should now have voluntarily yoked themselves to a much more unscrupulous ally than Britain London Times
Iraq became a cult of personality focused on Saddam, similar to Stalin's USSR. DODGE, Toby. Iraq s s Future. The aftermath of regime change. Page 45-46 46
CHAPTER II: 1979-1986: 1986: Saddam s s strike on Iran was commanded by the USSR. Iran s s Communist Party subverted the order in the oil fields, where Iraq stroke, with a slow military advance, with URRS tactics.
Had Iraq lost Basrah it would have ceased to exist as an integrated Nation-State. PELLETERE. Iraq and the International Oil System. Page 196
CHAPTER II. 1979-1986: 1986: Iraq s s strategy pursued to cause terror in the market because of an oil shortage. The Saudis pumped all the oil needed.
THE CHAPTER S S QUOTE: Chapter 2 The USSR aimed to control the three main oil producing countries in the Middle East, Saudi Arabia and Iran, plus the yet allied Iraq.
CHAPTER III. 1986-1989: THE THIRD OIL-SHOCK 1986: The OPEC strategy to recover markets resulted in the collapse of prices, less than 10 US$/b.
THE CHAPTER S S QUOTE: Chapter 3 We ve taken... steps like deregulating the price of oil. This last measure made oil prices tumble and brought OPEC, the oil cartel to its knees. Ronald REAGAN
CHAPTER IV. 1990-1996: 1996: THE INVASSION OF KUWAIT Saddam accused some Arab Brothers of bringing the prices to $ 7/ barrel. BARAM, Amatia and BROWN, Barry. Iraq s s road to war. Page 16
CHAPTER IV. 1990-1996: 1996: THE INVASSION OF KUWAIT Iraq showed 100.000 troops. The UAE and Kuwait began to respect the OPEC quotas. YERGUIN, Daniel. Der Preis, Page 947-948 948
CHAPTER IV. 1990-1996: 1996: THE INVASSION OF KUWAIT Iraq invaded Kuwait according to the Plan of a URSS-General.
CHAPTER IV. 1990-1996: 1996: THE INVASSION OF KUWAIT ypothetical Control of World Oil Reserves by Iraq in Case of Successful Invasions in 1990 nder control f : Percent of world oil reserves: Kuwait 20% Saudi Arabia and Kuwait 45% YERGUIN, Daniel. Der Preis. Page 950 and BOCKENFÖRDE, Stephan. Krise und militärische Reaktion. Page 134
CHAPTER IV. 1990-1996: 1996: THE INVASSION OF KUWAIT 44 million Iraqi-Kuwaiti barrels were abruptly taken from the oil market. Saudi Arabia (with 3 MMBD), Venezuela and the UAE produced enough oil to compensate the loss. YERGUIN, Daniel. Der Preis Op Op. Cit. Pages 947-953 953
CHAPTER IV. 1990-1996: 1996: THE INVASSION OF KUWAIT The Operation OP 90-1002 was long before planned in the US, originally to strike a URSS aggression on Kuwait.
THE CHAPTER S S QUOTE: Chapter 4 Sometimes the war is waged through soldiers but Kuwait and the United Arab Emirates are waging an economical war. Saddam
CHAPTER V: 1996-2003, THE END OF SADDAM 0.3 to 0.4 MMBD were illegally sold through Syria, Jordan, the Gulf and Turkey in 1998-2003. 5% for the Hussein's tribe.
CHAPTER V: 1996-2003, THE END OF SADDAM Saddam declared the Iraqi goal of reaching a military- nuclear weight like China, the USSR and the US. Iraq would have even surpassed China as a nuclear power by the end of the 1990 s.
CHAPTER V: 1996-2003, THE END OF SADDAM The IEA estimated that in 1999, only two OPEC members seriously exceeded their individual ceilings: Venezuela, by 0.4 MMBD Iraq by 1.1 MMBD. Mistakes with Iraqi oil, Oil & Gas Journal, January 25th, 1999, Page 25
CHAPTER V: 1996-2003, THE END OF SADDAM To re-launch the weak OPEC, in 2000 Venezuela s s President Hugo Chavez invited his colleagues of the OPEC to the Second Summit of Heads of State and Government in Caracas (After the first one of 1975 in Algiers). Saddam s s address was delivered by Taha Ramadan, Vice-President of Iraq, expressing:
CHAPTER V: 1996-2003, THE END OF SADDAM the USA, are embodied in the program of the International Energy Agency aimed at weakening the OPEC The collapse of oil prices in mid- 1980 s s and in 1998 is a clear evidence of these policies the USA still launches different kinds of war against oil exporting countries Iraq has always called for keeping prices at equitable levels
CHAPTER V: 1996-2003, Three Three months after 9/11, Saddam went on working on his secret atomic bomb program, according to Scott Ritter, Chief UN-Inspector This This was confirmed by 2000 employees of the nuclear commission that fled Iraq in the year 2000. On On March 19 th, Bush ordered a decapitating strike. KRECH, KRECH, Hans, Der Bürgerkrieg B im Irak. CLARK. CLARK. Wesley. Das Andere America.
CHAPTER V: 1996-2003, THE END OF SADDAM The Iraqi State ceased to exist in any meaningful form on April 9 th 2003. 31 years after a Friendship Treaty with the USSR was signed.
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LITERATURE 1. MOSLEY, Leonard. El Peligroso Juego del Petroleo. 2. PELLETERE, Stephen Iraq and the International Oil System. 3. CONANT, Mevin, The Geopolitics of Energy 4. CONANT, Mevin, The Oil Factor in American Foreign Policy, 1980-1990. 1990. 5. Arab Report and Record 1973, 1-151 15 January 1972 6. UNGER, Craigh, Die Bushs und die Saudis. 7. DIE ZEIT. Der Fischer Weltalmanach. Pulverfass Iraq. 8. CLARK. Wesley. Das Andere America. 9. CORDESMAN, Anthony. The Iraq War. 10. Arab Report and Record 1972, 15-Year Treaty Signed with USSR Compiled by Salma Kronfli,, 16-31 March 1972. 11. KRECH, Hans, Der Bürgerkrieg B im Irak. 12. DODGE, Toby. Iraq s s Future. Oil & Gas Journal, Mistakes with Iraqi oil, January 25th, 1999
LITERATURE 1. AL-SHEREIDAH, M. El Mundo Arabe y Occidente. 2. Arab Report and Record 1972, 15-Year Treaty Signed with USSR DODGE, Toby. Iraq s s Future. 3. OPEC Bulletin, Special Edition, October 2000. 4. ARKI, Mostafa. Iran-Irak Irak. Op.Cit. 5. HAMZA, Khidin,, with STEIN, Jeff. Saddam s Bobmaker. 6. BENGIO, Ofra, Saddam s s word. DIE ZEIT. Der Fischer Weltalmanach. Pulverfass Iraq 7. SCHWARZ, Martin, und ERDMANN, Heinz. Saddams blutiges Erbe. 8. BOCKENFÖRDE, Stephan. Krise und militärische Reaktion 9. Radio Address to the Nation on Economic 10. Growth, January 11th, 1986. http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/