Inštitut za etnične in regionalne študije/ Institute for Ethnic and Regional Studies Maribor, Slovenija Mednarodni projekt/international Project SPOŠTOVANJE ČLOVEKOVEGA DOSTOJANSTVA IN NAČELA NEDISKRIMINACIJE PRI DELU MEJNE POLICIJE IN PRI IZVAJANJU ZAPORNIŠKE KAZNI PRIMER SLOVENIJE PROJEKTNA KNJIGA RESPECT OF HUMAN DIGNITY AND NON-DISCRIMINATION PRINCIPLE IN THE WORK OF BORDER POLICE AND IN THE EXECUTION OF PRISON PENALTIES THE CASE OF SLOVENIA PROJECT PUBLICATION Maribor 2009
2009 ISCOMET Inštitut za etnične in regionalne študije/institute for Ethnic and Regional Studies Spoštovanje človekovega dostojanstva in načela nediskriminacije pri delu mejne policije in pri izvajanju zaporniške kazni primer Slovenije; Projektna knjiga Respect of human dignity and non-discrimination principle in the work of border police and in the execution of prison penalties the case of Slovenia; Project publication Izdajatelj/Publisher: ISCOMET Inštitut za etnične in regionalne študije/institute for Ethnic and Regional Studies Ulica Heroja Tomšiča 4, SI-2000 Maribor, Slovenija www.iscomet.org Uredniki/Editors: Prof. dr. Silvo Devetak Jasmina Klojčnik Mag. Gregor Maučec Mag. Franc Mlinar Priprava in tisk/ Set-up and print: Grafiti Studio Maribor, Slovenija CIP - Kataložni zapis o publikaciji Univerzitetna knjižnica Maribor 342.726:656.072.5(497.4) 342.726:343.261-052(497.4) SPOŠTOVANJE človekovega dostojanstva in načela nediskriminacije pri delu mejne policije in pri izvajanju zaporniške kazni - primer Slovenije : projektna knjiga = Respect of human dignity and non-discrimination principle in the work of border police and in the execution of prison penalties - the case of Slovenia : project publication / [uredniki, editors Silvo Devetak... et al.]. - Maribor : ISCOMET, 2009 ISBN 978-961-6602-04-4 1. Devetak, Silvo COBISS.SI-ID 62414849 Publikacijo je podprla/this publication is supported by: EVROPSKA KOMISIJA GENERALNI DIREKTORAT ZA PRAVIČNOST, SVOBODO IN VARNOST / EUROPEAN COMMISSION DIRECTORATE - GENERAL FOR JUSTICE, FREEDOM AND SECURITY Vsebina te publikacije ne odraža nujno mnenj in stališč Direktorata Evropske komisije za pravosodje, svobodo in varnost. Evropska komisija ali katera koli oseba, ki dela v njenem imenu, ni odgovorna za uporabo, ki lahko sledi iz informacij v tej publikaciji. The contents of this publication do not necessarily reflect the opinion or position of the Directorate-General for Justice, Freedom and Security of the European Commission. Neither the European Commission nor any person acting on its behalf is responsible for the use which might be made of the information in this publication.
KAZALO Nagovor... 5 Konzorcij in upravljanje Projekta... 7 Cilji Projekta... 8 Program aktivnosti Projekta... 8 Projektne publikacije... 9 Ugotovitve mnenjske raziskave... 11 Zunanja ocena projekta... 12 ISCOMET Inštitut predstavitev koordinatorja... 15 Odzivi medijev... 41
NAGOVOR Enako obravnavanje ljudi in prepoved izvajanja vsakršne diskriminacije med njimi na rasni, etnični, jezikovni, spolni, starostni podlagi ali zaradi njihovega porekla, političnega prepričanja in verske pripadnosti predstavljata temelj zgradbe pravic človeka. V boju proti diskriminaciji je treba najprej dvigniti pravno zavest in etični občutek ljudi, kaj je diskriminacija. Diskriminacija je vsakršno razlikovanje, izključevanje, omejevanje ali dajanje prednosti posamezniku na političnem, ekonomskem, socialnem, kulturnem ali na katerem koli področju javnega življenja. Diskriminacija je lahko neposredna, posredna (kar je najbolj pogost primer), lahko pa se izvaja tudi v obliki nadlegovanja. Diskriminacija je največkrat zelo prikrita oblika kratenja človekovih pravic in nespoštovanja dostojanstva človeka. Prepoved diskriminacije je ius cogens, mandatorna norma mednarodnega prava. Vsaka pogodba ali pravni akt, ki bi vseboval kršitev prepovedi diskriminacije, je razlog za absolutno ničnost, za ničnost pravnih učinkov take pogodbe ali akta od vsega začetka. Napačna pa so na primer tudi mišljenja, da je mogoče po demokratični poti diskriminirati ali kršiti pravice človeka za določeno skupino ljudi. Odprava diskriminacije je eden od temeljnih ciljev OZN, Sveta Evrope in tudi Evropske unije. Evropska komisija (Generalni direktorat za pravičnost, svobodo in varnost) je tako leta 2006 zaupala Konzorciju univerzitetnih in drugih institucij iz Avstrije, Italije in Slovenije, ki jih je koordiniral ISCOMET Inštitut za etnične in regionalne študije iz Maribora, izvedbo projekta o spoštovanju človekovih pravic in načela nediskriminacije pri delu obmejne policije in pri izvajanju zapornih kazni v Sloveniji. Razpis je bil odprt za inštitucije in organizacije civilne družbe v državah članicah EU. Dodelitev projekta ISCOMET-u bi lahko razumeli kot priznanje Evropske komisije ISCOMET-u, ki je v istem času sklenil obširen mednarodni projekt, posvečen implementaciji norm EU o prepovedi diskriminacije v Sloveniji. Glavni del programa projekta je obsegal tri med seboj tesno povezana dele. Prvi del je bil namenjen pripadnikom schengenske policije, ki so razporejeni na in vzdolž slovensko-hrvaške zunanje meje EU, in predstavnikom relevantnih vladnih agencij (center za tujce, uprava za migracije, carina). Na treh seminarjih je sodelovalo okrog 150 posebej izbranih policistov in predstavnikov relevantnih služb, povezanih z mejo. Prvi seminar je bil v Kopru/Capodistrii, drugi v Novem mestu in tretji na Ptuju. Na seminarjih so obravnavali naslednje vsebine: rezultate in dileme politike EU do Zahodnega Balkana v kontekstu politike unije do sosedstva (prof. dr. Silvo Devetak, direktor, ISCOMET, Maribor), pravno ureditev prepovedi diskriminacije v Evropski uniji (mag. Dieter Schindlauer, ZARA, Dunaj, Avstrija), varovanje človekovih pravic pri delu policistov na meji in s prosilci za azil (Branko Novak, Policijska akademija, Ljubljana), norme Evropske unije in Republike Slovenije glede dela policistov na zunanjih mejah EU (Darko Poštrak, Vodja oddelka za državno mejo, Ministrstvo za notranje zadeve, Ljubljana), probleme v zvezi z ilegalnimi migracijskimi tokovi v Italiji (prof. Gian Luigi Cecchini in Ezio Benedetti, I.G.E.S.,Gorizia/Gorica, Italija), uresničevanje politike Republike Slovenije do azila v kontekstu pravne ureditve tega vprašanja v okviru EU (doc. dr. Jasna Murgel, sodnica Okrajnega sodišča v Mariboru in zunanja sodelavka ISCOMET-a, Maribor). Drugi del programa projekta je bil namenjen informiranju in obravnavanju problemov obmejnih lokalnih skupnosti v Sloveniji in na Hrvaškem. Okroglo mizo, ki je bila v Rogaški Slatini, so organizirali ISCOMET Inštitut za etnične in regionalne študije, Skupnost občin Slovenije in Združenje občin Slovenije v sodelovanju s policijsko akademijo. Okrogla miza je imela zelo praktičen naslov»življenje ob meji, čezmejno sodelovanje in schengenski mejni režim«. Posvetovanje je imelo naslednje cilje: 1) informirati predstavnike lokalnih skupnosti ob meji z različnimi vidiki delovanja sistema t. i. schengenske meje, 2) prispevati k promociji uresničevanja mednarodnih standardov, še posebej stand-
ardov Evropske unije, glede preprečevanja diskriminacije in spoštovanja človekovih pravic ter 3) obravnavati in predlagati vladi RS in pristojnim telesom EU rešitve za vprašanja, ki bodo po mnenju predstavnikov lokalnih skupnosti z obeh strani meje lahko negativno vplivale na življenje ob meji in na čezmejno sodelovanje in povezovanje ljudi. Posvetovanja so se udeležili predstavniki občin in upravnih enot iz Slovenije in Hrvaške, ki mejijo na novo schengensko mejo, predstavniki regionalnih razvojnih agencij, predstavniki nekaterih ministrstev, lokalne nevladne organizacije, strokovnjaki iz Slovenije in tujine, predstavniki zainteresiranih institucij in organizacij ter druga zainteresirana javnost. Tretji del programa projekta je bil namenjen zaporskemu osebju v slovenskih zaporih. Na dveh seminarjih (na Dobu in v Celju) so udeleženci obravnavali naslednje teme: ugotovitve raziskave mnenj zaprtih oseb in zaporskega osebja (mag. Tomaž Klenovšek, ISCOMET, Maribor), implementacija mednarodnopravnih standardov človekovih pravic zaprtih in priprtih oseb v Sloveniji (mag. Gregor Maučec, ISCOMET, Maribor), mednarodnopravna ureditev prepovedi mučenja ter njena implikacija v praksi (doc. dr. Suzana Kraljić, Pravna fakulteta UM in ISCOMET, Maribor), enakost brez diskriminacije temeljni kamen pravic človeka (prof. dr. Silvo Devetak, ISCOMET, Maribor) in pravna in druga sredstva za varstvo pred diskriminacijo v slovenskem in mednarodnem pravu (doc. dr. Jasna Murgel, sodnica Okrajnega sodišča v Mariboru in zunanja sodelavka ISCOMET-a, Maribor). Ob sklepu tega mednarodnega projekta bi se radi zahvalili vsem, ki so s svojim sodelovanjem z nami prispevali k njegovi uspešni realizaciji, in sicer: sodelavcem iz institucij, ki so sestavljale mednarodni konzorcij projekta: PIP (Pravo Informacije Pomoč, Maribor, Slovenija), ZARA (Zivilcourage und Anti-Rasssismus-Arbeit, Dunaj, Avstrija), I.G.E.S. (Istituto Internazionale di Alti Studi Giuridico Economici per lo Sviluppo, Gorica, Italija), ONLUS (Istituto Euromediterraneo, Trieste/Trst, Italija) in ECERS (Evropski center za etnične, regionalne in sociološke študije Univerze v Mariboru, Slovenija). V imenu članov mednarodnega konzorcija se iskreno zahvaljujem vsem organom, organizacijam in posameznikom, ki so prispevali k uspešni realizaciji projektnih nalog. Zahvala gre predvsem vodstvu slovenske policije, še posebej Danijelu Lorbku, vodji Sektorja mejne policije Ministrstva za notranje zadeve Republike Slovenije, Darku Poštraku, vodji Oddelka za državno mejo, Uprava uniformirane policije, Ministrstvo za notranje zadeve Republike Slovenije, in Branku Novaku s Policijske akademije v Ljubljani. Hvaležni smo tudi vsem policistkam in policistom ter drugim uslužbencem Ministrstva za notranje zadeve, ki so se udeležili seminarjev. Prav tako bi se želeli zahvaliti vodstvoma Skupnosti občin Slovenije in Združenja občin Slovenije ter predstavnikom lokalnih skupnosti, regijskih uprav, razvojnih agencij in posameznim strokovnjakom, ki so sodelovali v pripravah in pri realizaciji posvetovanja v Rogaški Slatini. Prisrčno se zahvaljujemo za pomoč in sodelovanje kolegom iz Uprave za prestajanje kazenskih sankcij oz. iz zaporov, in sicer: Tomažu Smoletu, generalnemu direktorju, Božidarju Petehu, vodji oddelka za varnost, Slavi Novak, sekretarki za mednarodno sodelovanje, Jožetu Podržaju, direktorju, Bojanu Majcnu, vodji oddelka za varnost, in Darku Plauštajnerju, vodji polodprtega in odprtega oddelka Slovenska vas iz Zavoda za prestajanje kazni zapora Dob pri Mirni, Olgi Uršič Perhavc, direktorici Zavoda za prestajanje kazni zapora Ig, Editi Mejač, direktorici Zavoda za prestajanje mladoletniškega zapora in kazni zapora Celje, in Miranu Candellariju, direktorju Zavoda za prestajanje kazni zapora Ljubljana. In nenazadnje gre naša zahvala vsem tistim zaposlenim in zapornikom, ki so bili pripravljeni sodelovati v naši raziskavi in odgovarjati na vprašanja, ki so zadevala morebitne pojave diskriminacije in kršenja pravic človeka. Prof. dr. Silvo Devetak Koordinator mednarodnega projekta in direktor ISCOMET-a Inštituta za etnične in regionalne študije, Maribor
KONZORCIJ IN UPRAVLJANJE PROJEKTA Člani konzorcija ISCOMET Inštitut za etnične in regionalne študije, Maribor, Slovenija PIP Pravo Informacije Pomoč, Maribor, Slovenija ZARA Zivilcourage und Anti-Rasssismus-Arbeit, Dunaj, Avstrija I.G.E.S. Istituto Internazionale di Alti Studi Giuridico Economici per lo Sviluppo, Gorica, Italija Istituto Euromediterraneo Onlus, Trst, Italija ECERS Evropski center za etnične, regionalne in sociološke študije Univerze v Mariboru, Slovenija Koordinator ISCOMET Inštitut za etnične in regionalne študije, Maribor, Slovenija VODENJE PROJEKTA Koordinator Prof. dr. Silvo Devetak, direktor, ISCOMET Inštitut za etnične in regionalne študije, Maribor, Slovenija Mednarodni programski svet Srečko Đurov PIP Pravo Informacije Pomoč, Maribor, Slovenija Mag. Dieter Schnindlauer ZARA Zivilcourage und Anti-Rasssismus-Arbeit, Dunaj, Avstrija Prof. Gian Luigi Cecchini I.G.E.S. Istituto Internazionale di Alti Studi Giuridico Economici per lo Sviluppo, Gorica, Italija Lucio Gregoretti Istituto Euromediterraneo Onlus, Trst, Italija Branko Novak Policijska akademija, Ljubljana, Slovenija Božidar Peteh Uprava Republike Slovenije za izvrševanje kazenskih sankcij, Ljubljana, Slovenija Upravljanje projekta Jasmina Klojčnik, uni. dipl. oec., in mag. Franc Mlinar
CILJI PROJEKTA Projekt je imel zastavljene številne cilje, izmed katerih so najpomembnejši naslednji: zvišati nivo znanja in ozaveščenosti tistih skupin, ki so možne žrtve diskriminacije (zaprte osebe, iskalci azila, tujci, ipd.), o varovanju človekovih pravic, še posebej o nediskriminaciji in spoštovanju človekovega dostojanstva; senzibilizirati pripadnike mejne policije in zaporskega osebja za vprašanja človekovih pravic in človekovega dostojanstva; razširjati znanje, izkušnje in primere dobre prakse med pripadniki mejne policije in med pripadniki zaporskega osebja; ozaveščati slovensko javnost, še posebej prebivalce ob novi schengenski meji z Republiko Hrvaško o pomembnosti spoštovanja človekovih pravic; prispevati k promociji uresničevanja mednarodnih standardov, še posebej standardov Evropske unije, glede preprečevanja diskriminacije in spoštovanja človekovih pravic. PROGRAM AKTIVNOSTI PROJEKTA V okviru projekta so bile izvedene naslednje aktivnosti: 1. raziskava mnenj med zaprtimi osebami in zaporskim osebjem v štirih zaporih v Republiki Sloveniji; 2. priprava treh seminarjev za policiste, ki delajo na schengenski meji in za zaposlene s področja migracij in azila; 3. okrogla miza za lokalne skupnosti in razvojne agencije ob meji s Hrvaško; 4. priprava dveh seminarjev za zaporsko osebje; 5. priprava internetne strani s podatki o projektu, aktivnostih in rezultatih na internetni strani www.iscomet.org; 6. priprava informativnih brošur: za mejne policiste in za lokalno prebivalstvo, za zaporsko osebje in zaprte osebe in člane njihovih družin; 7. oblikovanje priporočil za izboljšanje stanja na novi Schengenski meji; 8. oblikovanje mreže vseh zainteresiranih; 9. zaključna okrogla miza in končna predstavitev rezultatov projekta.
PROJEKTE PUBLIKACIJE KAZALO PUBLIKACIJE: Prof. dr. Silvo Devetak, Vodja projekta, direktor ISCOMET Inštituta za etnične in regionalne študije, Maribor Uvodna beseda Mag. Gregor Maučec, ISCOMET, Maribor Schengenski mejni režim in vloga Slovenije pri njegovem izvajanju Danijel Lorbek, Vodja Sektorja mejne policije, Ministrstvo za notranje zadeve Republike Slovenije Določila schengenskega pravnega reda in slovenske zakonodaje, relevantna za delo policije na zunanji schengenski meji Darko Poštrak, Vodja Oddelka za državno mejo, Uprava uniformirane policije, Ministrstvo za notranje zadeve Republike Slovenije Analiza odnosov in sodelovanja med slovenskimi policisti za nadzor državne meje z Republiko Hrvaško in obmejnim lokalnim prebivalstvom Doc. dr. Jasna Murgel, Sodnica Okrajnega sodišča v Mariboru in zunanja sodelavka ISCOMET-a, Maribor Republika Slovenija in uresničevanje politike do azila v kontekstu pravne ureditve tega vprašanja v okviru evropske unije Prof. Ezio Benedetti and Prof. Gian Luigi Cecchini, I.G.E.S. - Istituto Internazionale di Alti Studi Giuridico Economici per lo Sviluppo, Gorizia, Italy Migratory policies and readmission agreements: the case of Italy and Slovenia Priporočila za reševanje problemov v zvezi z izvajanjem schengenskega sistema na meji s Hrvaško in v drugih državah na zunanjih mejah unije Recommendations for solving the problems connected to the implementation of the Schengen system on the border with Croatia and in other countries at the external EU borders Pomembnejše določbe, ki urejajo prosto gibanje oseb, državno mejo, pravice tujcev in schengenskega sistema ISCOMET-a predstavitev koordinatorja mednarodnega projekta Konzorcij in upravljanje projekta
KAZALO PUBLIKACIJE: Priporočila Recommendations Kontakti/Contacts 10 KAZALO PUBLIKACIJE: Prof. dr. Silvo Devetak, koordinator mednarodnega projekta in direktor ISCOMET-a Inštituta za etnične in regionalne študije, Maribor Namesto uvoda Doc. dr. Suzana Kraljić, Pravna fakulteta Univerze v Mariboru in zunanja sodelavka ISCOMET-a, Maribor Mednarodnopravne norme o prepovedi mučenja Mag. Gregor Maučec, ISCOMET, Maribor Pripombe in sugestije mednarodnih pogodbenih teles glede spoštovanja človekovih pravic v slovenskih zaporih Mag. Tomaž Klenovšek, zunanji sodelavec ISCOMET-a, Maribor Raziskava mnenj zaprtih oseb in zaporskega osebja Doc. dr. Jasna Murgel, sodnica Okrajnega sodišča v Mariboru in zunanja sodelavka ISCOMET-a, Maribor Pravna sredstva za varstvo pred diskriminacijo v slovenskem in mednarodnem pravu Slava Novak, Uprava RS za izvrševanje kazenskih sankcij, Ljubljana Spoštovanje človekovega dostojanstva kot temeljno vodilo pri izvrševanju kazenskih sankcij uresničevanje priporočil mednarodnih pogodbenih teles Pomembnejše mednarodne in nacionalne pravne določbe, ki urejajo človekove pravice zaprtih in priprtih oseb ter nekatere koristne informacije in kontakti Predstavitev ISCOMET-a koordinatorja mednarodnega projekta Opis konzorcija in upravljanja
UGOTOVITVE MNENJSKE RAZISKAVE (kratek povzetek) V okviru priprav mednarodnega projekta Spoštovanje človekovega dostojanstva in načela nediskriminacije pri izvajanju zaporniške kazni primer Slovenije je bila že od samega začetka predvidena raziskava med zaporniki in zaporniškim osebjem, s pomočjo katere bi poskušali dobiti vpogled v njihovo razumevanje diskriminacije oziroma natančneje predvsem tistih vidikov diskriminacije, ki temeljijo na etnični pripadnosti in veroizpovedi. V ta namen je bil sestavljen vprašalnik ki je prispeval k osvetlitvi proučevane tematike s pomočjo omejenega števila lahko razumljivih vprašanj. V raziskavi, ki je bila opravljena v juniju 2008, je sodelovalo 157 zapornikov in 107 pripadnikov zaporskega osebja iz štirih slovenskih zavodov za prestajanje kazni zapora. Na temelju opravljene raziskave ni možno dati nekega vseobsežnega in zanesljivega odgovora glede diskriminacije v slovenskih zaporih. Naša osebna opažanja pri izvedbi same raziskave gredo prej v smer, da diskriminacija v slovenskih zaporih ni glavni problem, temveč večino težav, in najbrž tudi del, ki je vezan na različne oblike diskriminacij, izhaja iz prostorske stiske in kadrovske problematike zaposlenih. Vsekakor pa je doživljanje diskriminacije bolj izrazito med pripadniki etničnih manjšin kot med večinsko slovensko populacijo, po drugi strani pa ima zaporsko osebje precej manj kritičen pogled na obstoj diskriminacije na temelju etnične ali verske pripadnosti kot zaporniki. Na splošno so najbolj diskriminirani storilci kaznivih dejanj zoper spolno nedotakljivost, nato sledi diskriminacija na temelju etnične pripadnosti. Metodologija predstavljene raziskave dopušča le omejen vpogled v resnično življenje za železnimi zavesami. Nek celovitejši in bolj poglobljen izsledek bi bil možen, v kolikor bi uporabili metodološki pristop opazovanja oz. opazovanja s sodelovanjem. Ne glede na dejstvo, da je področje diskriminacije v zaporih tudi v drugih državah Evropske unije dokaj slabo raziskano, lahko vendarle trdimo, da v Sloveniji razmere zaenkrat niso kritične. Iz naše raziskave je mogoče tudi razbrati, da si vodstva posameznih zaporov prizadevajo za dobre medetnične in medverske odnose, kar je bilo prepoznano tako s strani zapornikov kot tudi osebja. Kolikor jim to dejansko tudi uspeva je seveda drugo vprašanje, vsekakor lahko trdimo, da so predstavniki etničnih manjšin v pretežnem število odgovarjali bolj kritično na vprašanja, ki so bila povezan z diskriminacijo. Če še malo špekuliramo, se znajo predstavljeni problemi še zaostriti, v kolikor bi v slovenskih zaporih pristali tujci iz nam kulturno bolj oddaljenih okolij (npr. iz Afrike ali Azije), zato je smiselno in upravičeno tej tematiki v prihodnje posvečati večjo pozornost, zlasti v smislu preventive in potrebnega izobraževanja o temah, ki so povezane s pojavi diskriminacije. Več o raziskavi mnenj med zaprtimi osebami in zaporskim osebjem o vprašanjih diskriminacije v slovenskih zaporih lahko izveste v knjigi Diskriminacija in pravice človeka v slovenskih zaporih, na internetni strani www.iscomet.org ali pa na sedežu inštituta ISCOMET. 11
ZUNANJA OCENA PROJEKTA V okviru zunanje ocene projekta sta bili napravljeni dve zunanji evalvaciji projekta. Prva ocenjevalka projekta je bila doc. dr. Liljana Selinšek iz Oddelka za kazensko pravo Pravne fakultete Univerze v Mariboru in je članica številnih mednarodnih in nacionalnih strokovnih združenj kot npr.: Mednarodnega združenja za kazensko pravo (AIDP), Evropske akademske kazenskopravne mreže (ECLAN), Društva za kazensko pravo in kriminologijo Slovenije, Komisije za preprečevanje in zatiranje kriminalitete ter Sveta za kaznovalno pravo pri Ministrstvu za pravosodje. Dr. Selinšek smo zaprosili, da pripravi oceno projekta v delu, ki se nanaša na stanje v slovenskih zaporih. Drugo oceno je pripravila doc. dr. Cirila Toplak iz Katedre za teoretsko analitsko politologijo, Fakultete za družbene vede Univerze v Ljubljani. Njeno področje strokovnega delovanja obsega razvoj ideje evropske integracije, bila je tudi predsednica Skupnosti občin Slovenije ter tako odlično pozna schengensko problematiko in njen vpliv na lokalno okolje na obeh straneh slovensko-hrvaške meje. V nadaljevanju sta objavljena dela obeh ocen. Del poročila zunanje ocene o projektnih aktivnostih, nanašajoč na del projekta, ki je bil izveden v sodelovanju z Upravo RS za izvrševanja kazenskih sankcij. Rezultati projekta so objavljeni v knjigi Diskriminacija in pravice človeka v slovenskih zaporih (Discrimination and Human Rights in Slovene Prisons), ki obsega tako pisne prispevke članov raziskovalne skupine kot tudi obsežen uvod, v katerem koordinator projekta prof. dr. Silvo Devetak povzame in analizira vse relevantne ugotovitve in znanja projekta, prav tako predstavi tudi predloge za potrebne spremembe in nove pristope za reševanje problematike spoštovanja človekovih pravic in nediskriminacije v slovenskih zaporih. Na podlagi ugotovitev raziskovalne skupine bi bilo potrebno napraviti naslednji dve stvari: 1) prenova pritožbenega sistema, ki bi omogočila kar se da diskretno obravnavanje pritožb, vloženih s strani zapornikov, ki smatrajo, da so žrtve diskriminacije, 2) za zaporsko osebje pripraviti stalen izobraževalni program o vseh relevantnih vsebinah principa nediskriminacije. Uporabnost in koristnost rezultatov projekta se kaže na treh nivojih: za teorijo (tako teorija kazenskega prava kot tudi teorija na področju človekovih pravic in mednarodnega prava je obogatena s kompleksno in aktualizirano predstavitvijo področja spoštovanja človekovih pravic pri izvrševanju kazni zapora v Sloveniji); za ustrezne državne institucije (rezultati projekta potrjujejo dejstvo, da zaporniški sistem v Sloveniji potrebuje prenovo, obenem so rezultati projekta tudi konkretni predlogi za ukrepe na področju odprave diskriminacije pri kršenju človekovih pravic za zaporskimi zidovi); za prakso (projekt je prinesel nova originalna spoznanja o situaciji v slovenskih zaporih, ki jo morajo poznati ljudje, ki delajo na tem področju. Knjiga vsebuje poleg rezultatov projekta tudi seznam vseh pomembnih mednarodnih, evropskih in nacionalnih standardov s področja človekovih pravic zaprtih in pridržanih oseb. Tak seznam je predvsem koristen za tiste posameznike, katerih vsakdanje delo je ukvarjaje z zaporsko populacijo. Tako v ostalih državah kot tudi v Sloveniji so vprašanja o človekovih pravicah (vključno z dostojanstvom in nediskriminacijo) zaprtih oseb zelo občutljiva tema, zato je projekt, s ciljem ovrednotiti obstoječo situacijo v zaporih in oblikovati predloge za izboljšavo trenutnega stanja, več kot dobrodošel. Pregled sklepnih rezultatov mednarodnega projekta Spoštovanje človekovega dostojanstva in načela nediskriminacije pri delu mejne policije in pri izvajanju zaporniške kazni primer Slovenije (dela, ki se nanaša na spoštovanje človekovega dostojanstva in nediskriminacije pri izvrševanja kazenskih 12
sankcij) kaže na to, da je raziskovalna skupina uporabila vse potrebne in ustrezne metode za dosego končnega cilja, zato so rezultati projekta koristni in uporabni v teoriji in praksi. Na podlagi povedanega je končna ocena projekta brez vsakih zadržkov zelo pozitivna. Dr. Liljana Selinšek Oddelek za kazensko pravo Pravna fakulteta Univerze v Mariboru, Slovenija * * * Osnovni cilj je bil dosežen z organizacijo seminarja z naslovom Življenje ob meji, čezmejno sodelovanje in schengenski mejni režim, ki je bil v 3. oktobra 2007 v Rogaški Slatini. Seminarja se je udeležilo okrog 60 udeležencev in je bil deležen velik medijske pozornosti. Program je bil razdeljen na tri dele: predstavitev schengenskega režima, pričakovani vlivi izvajanja schengenskega režima in diskusija o posebnostih slovensko-hrvaške meje v luči prihajajočih sprememb. Prav tako so bili v program vključeni primeri dobre prakse v zvezi z schengenskim režimom iz Italije in Avstrije. Z organizacijo omenjenega seminarja je organizator v veliki meri pomagal lokalnim skupnostim vzdolž nove schengenske meje saj je z informacijam pomagal pregnati strah in predsodke lokalnega prebivalstva. Pravzaprav so vprašanja s katerimi se sooča lokalno prebivalstvo prevladalo nad vprašanji mejne policije in njihovega spoštovanja človekovih pravic. Avstrijske izkušnje govorijo v prid posebnega koordinatorja za človekove pravice, ki o vprašanjih človekovih pravic tesno sodeluje s policijo. Vendar pa, ker je policijsko obravnavanje pomembno na kraju samemu, bi lahko priporočilo takšne dodatne institucije pomenilo možnost izogibanja neposredne odgovornosti za spoštovanje človekovih pravic v procesu obravnave schengenskih potnikov. Strinjam se z enim izmed zaključkov seminarja, ki pravi da se policija mora imeti za zaščitnika človekovih pravic ter je zato še posebej potrebno neprestano ozaveščati policijo o spoštovanju človekovih pravic in človekovega dostojanstva. Ta vprašanja so bila obravnavana na posebnih seminarjih za mejne policiste, ki so bili organizirani v septembru 2007 na treh lokacija po Sloveniji. Prav tako je bila leta 2008 pripravljena publikacija, ki vsebuje priporočila za izvajanje schengenskega režima na zunanji schengenski meji ki brez dvoma prestavlja velik izziv in odgovornost in kot taka predstavlja tudi veliko uporabno vrednost za mejno policijo. Vsekakor pa bi bila publikacija še koristnejša, če bi bila na voljo že na prej omenjenih seminarjih za policiste v septembru 2007, saj bi bila lahko vsebina publikacije predstavljena udeležencem seminarjev. Čeprav je bil cilj projekta s pripravo omenjene publikacije brez dvoma dosežen pa publikacije kot take niso pripravljene v formatu, ki bi bil uporabniku najbolj prijazen, kot tudi vsebine niso v pedagoškem smislu pripravljene tako, da bi bile policistom na terenu najbolj uporabne. Vsebine publikacije so mogoče preveč akademsko naravnane in informacije niso podane na najpreprostejši način. V celoti, menim, da je mednarodni projekt Spoštovanje človekovega dostojanstva in načela nediskriminacije pri delu mejne policije in pri izvajanju zaporniške kazni primer Slovenije uspešen, saj je dosegel večino ciljev, ki si jih je zastavil. Projekt je pomembno prispeval k izboljšanju ozaveščenosti o schengenskem režimu, vseh, ki so vpleteni v schengenski proces. Tako je pomagal odstranjevati namišljene meje in glavah ljudi, ki jih sestavljajo napačne informacije, predsodki in pristranska politična propaganda. Koordinatorji projekta so se priprave projekta lotili z vso potrebno občutljivostjo in so vanj vključili 13
vse prizadete strani kar je vsekakor vredno priporočila drugim. Kot naslednjo možno aktivnost projekta vidim pripravo novih oz. dopolnjenih vsebin na področju spoštovanja človekovih pravic in človekovega dostojanstva in učnem programu slovenske Policijske akademije. Prav tako bi morala policija izboljšati sodelovanje s prebivalstvom in se v luči schengenskega režima predstavljati kot njihov zaščitnik in ne njihov omejevalec. Navsezadnje je režimo ostro zarezal med prebivalstvo, ki živi vzdolž schengenske meje. Po drugi strani pa lahko schengenski režim dojamemo (in promoviramo) kot dodaten motiv in sredstvo pritiska ne-eu strani schengenske meje, v tem primeru Hrvaške, po vstopu v EU s čim manjšimi zamudami. Doc. dr. Cirila Toplak Katedra za teoretsko analitsko politologijo Fakulteta za družbene vede Univerza v Ljubljani, Slovenija 14
ISCOMET INŠTITUT PREDSTAVITEV KOORDINATORJA Nosilec in koordinator projekta»spoštovanje človekovih pravic in načela nediskriminacije pri delu obmejne policije in pri izvajanju zapornih kazni v Sloveniji«je ISCOMET Inštitut za etnične in regionalne študije iz Maribora, Slovenija. Glavna področja delovanja in strokovnega zanimanja ISCOMET-a so: politični, institucionalni, etnični, kulturni in jezikovni vidiki evropske integracije, tudi v kontekstu širjenja EU, skupna zunanja in varnostna politika EU in njeno izvrševanje v JV Evropi in v Zakavkazju, čezmejno sodelovanje med državami EU na sedanjih ter bodočih zunanjih mejah EU, regionalizem v okviru evropskih integracijskih procesov s poudarkom na regionalnem sodelovanju Slovenije s sosednjimi državami, nacionalizem, rasizem, ksenofobija, diskriminacija na etnični in verski osnovi, človekove pravice in zaščita manjšin ter drugih ranljivih socialnih skupin, zaščita in ohranjanje kulturne dediščine etničnih in verskih skupin, preprečevanje in mirno reševanje medetničnih in medverskih konfliktov ter urejanje razmer v postkonfliktnih situacijah, problematika urejanja statusa in pravic migrantov in azilantov ter njihove integracije, status posameznika v mednarodnem pravu. ISCOMET-Inštitut predstavlja tudi pravni in organizacijsko-administrativni okvir za delovanje mednarodne nevladne organizacije z imenom ISCOMET International Scientific Conference Minorities for Europe of Tomorrow/ISCOMET Mednarodna znanstvena konferenca manjšine za jutrišnjo Evropo (ISCOMET MNO), ki je ena od oblik delovanja inštituta. Korenine nastanka ISCOMET MNO segajo v leto 1989, ko je skupina slovenskih strokovnjakov, ob podpori Sveta Evrope, sklicala ustanovno konferenco, na kateri so sprejeli njen prvi statut in program dela. ISCOMET MNO ima od leta 1992 posvetovalni status pri Svetu Evrope. Leta 1998 je postala ena od 35 nevladnih organizacij, ki imajo pravico vlagati kolektivne pritožbe v primeru kršenja Evropske socialne listine. Danes je ISCOMET MNO široka mednarodna organizacija, ki povezuje okoli 250 individualnih in kolektivnih članov, med katerimi so ugledni strokovnjaki, profesorji, aktivisti in funkcionarji, ki prihajajo iz vseh evropskih in tudi drugih držav. Druži jih njihova predanost ohranjanju mira, demokratičnemu razvoju, zaščiti človekovih pravic, ohranjanju človekovega dostojanstva in prijateljskemu sodelovanju med narodi, državami in regijami Evrope. ISCOMET-Inštitut koordinira in izvaja različne mednarodne projekte, organizira mednarodna znanstvena in strokovna srečanja, spodbuja izmenjavo informacij, znanj in izkušenj, razvija raziskovalno delo ter sodeluje s tistimi vladnimi in nevladnimi organizacijami, ki si zastavljajo podobne cilje. V zadnjih letih je ISCOMET deloval kot koordinator naslednjih večjih mednarodnih projektov:»demokracija, človekove pravice in zaščita pripadnikov etničnih in verskih manjšin v jugovzhodni Evropi (JVE)«(1999 2001). Projekt je bil s sklepom Evropskega sveta uvrščen na prioritetno listo projektov, ki so se nanašali na stabilnost, dobro sosedstvo in civilno družbo v JVE (Royaumont proces). Projekt je vključeval vrsto aktivnosti, od izvajanja terenskih raziskav, do izdelave 15
16 študij, organiziranja delavnic ter strokovnih in znanstvenih srečanj. Glavni rezultat projekta je ustanovitev ISCOMET-mreže za demokracijo, človekove pravice, zaščito manjšin, sodelovanje in razvoj v JVE, ki predstavlja stalno platformo za izvajanje skupnih akcij različnih partnerjev iz JVE tudi po zaključku trajanja projekta.»mariborska pobuda prispevek verskih skupnosti k pomiritvi, spoštovanju različnosti, demokraciji, človekovim pravicam, zaščiti manjšin, sodelovanju in stabilnosti v JVE«(2001 ). Različne aktivnosti so do sedaj potekale v Srbiji, Črni gori, Romuniji, Sloveniji in Moldovi, v prihodnosti so načrtovane aktivnosti tudi v Bolgariji in Makedoniji. Projekt Mariborska pobuda je bil oblikovan na pobudo delovnega omizja I Pakta za stabilnost JVE in zaupan ISCOMET-u v izvajanje, glede na njegove prejšnje izkušnje. Glavni namen projekta je organizirati dobro pripravljene in ciljno usmerjene diskusije na teme, kjer lahko cerkve in verske skupnosti, glede na njihov velik vpliv na razmišljanje in delovanje ljudi, pomembno vplivajo na uresničevanje ciljev projekta, ki so bili zapisani že v naslovu projekta. V naših dosedanjih aktivnostih smo uspeli za isto mizo zbrati predstavnike vseh poglavitnih cerkva in verskih skupnosti, ki delujejo v JVE. Mednarodni projekt»vzgoja in izobraževanje za borbo proti diskriminaciji v Sloveniji«(2005 2007) je sofinancirala Evropska komisija, Generalni direktorat za zaposlovanje, socialne zadeve in enake možnosti v okviru uradnega akcijskega programa EU za borbo proti diskriminaciji. Program dela je obsegal aktivnosti za promoviranje implementacije antidiskriminacijskih pravnih norm EU in za izgradnjo ukrepov za borbo proti diskriminaciji na različnih področjih družbenega življenja v Sloveniji. ISCOMET je partnerska organizacija v Projektu TEMPUS JEP:»Podiplomski študijski program o evropskih integracijah na univerzah v Beogradu, Novem Sadu in Nišu v Srbiji (2005 2008). Projekt je namenjen razvoju in uvajanju novega podiplomskega študijskega programa o evropskih integracijah na tri pravne fakultete v Srbiji (Beograd, Novi Sad, Niš). ISCOMET koordinira mednarodni projekt»spoštovanje človekovega dostojanstva in načela nediskriminacije pri delu mejne policije in pri izvajanju zaporniške kazni primer Slovenije«(2007 2008). Projekt smo zasnovali na pobudo slovenske policije in uprave RS za izvrševanje kazenskih sankcij, z namenom pomagati tem strukturam pri učinkovitem uvajanju evropskih standardov o človekovih pravicah in nediskriminaciji v njihovo delo. Februarja 2008 je Evropska unija (EuropeAid) odobrila mednarodni projekt»bridge spodbujanje vzajemnega razumevanja in sodelovanja EU z Ukrajino, Belorusijo, Moldovo in Rusijo«(2008 2012). Glavni namen projekta je izvajati različne aktivnosti s ciljem promoviranja in širjenja informacij o mehanizmih sodelovanja med Evropsko unijo in štirimi ciljnimi državami iz njene vzhodne soseščine. ISCOMET posveča posebno pozornost tudi organizaciji številnih mednarodnih strokovnih srečanj, kot so znanstvene konference, sestanki, okrogle mize, seminarji ipd. Do leta 2008 je organiziral več kot 25 vseevropskih mednarodnih konferenc, ki so obravnavale splošne aktualne družbenopolitične spremembe v Evropi. Med najbolj odmevnimi so bile konference v Mariboru (1992 in 1995), Brnu (1993), Odesi (1997), Temišvaru (2001), Kopenhagnu (1994 in 1998) in Sankt Petersburgu (2003). ISCOMET-Inštitut razvija svojo lastno založniško dejavnost. Izdal je številne znanstvene publikacije (Pravica do različnosti, 1999; Položaj posameznika v mednarodnem pravu, 2003 idr.) ter zbornike in druge publikacije (Small Nations and Ethnic Minorities in an Emerging Europe, 1992; Ohraniti sanje, 1997; Legal Position of Churches and Religious Communities in South Eastern Europe, 2004, Religion and Democracy in Moldova, v angleščini in romunščini, 2005, Diskriminacija na etnični in verski osnovi v Sloveniji, 2005, Ali vas obravnavajo enakopravno, ne glede na vašo narodnost ali vero, v osmih jezikih 2005, Vodnik po pravicah žrtev diskriminacije na etnični in verski podlagi v Sloveniji, 2007, Zgodba o uspehu s priokusom grenkobe diskriminacija v Sloveniji, 2007, idr.).
Od leta 1995 je ISCOMET tudi soizdajatelj in založnik revije Regional Contact, ki je namenjena izmenjavi izkušenj in idej na področju regionalizma, čezmejnega sodelovanja, ohranjanja kulturne dediščine regij in etničnih skupin ter varovanja manjšin v Evropi. Kontakti: ISCOMET Inštitut za etnične in regionalne študije H. Tomšiča 4, SI-2000 Maribor, Slovenija Tel.: +386 2 250 04 40, Faks: +386 2 250 04 41 E-pošta: iscomet@siol.net www.iscomet.org 17
Udeleženci (mejni policisti in uslužbenci sektorja za azil in migracije Ministrstva za notranje zadeve) seminarja za mejno policijo na slovensko-hrvaški meji, Koper, 25. september 2007. Vir: ISCOMET Participants border policemen and employees of the Section for the asylum and migration of the Ministry of Interior seminar for border police on Slovene- Croatian border, Koper, 25 September 2007. Source: ISCOMET Darko Poštrak (oddelek za državno mejo Ministrstva za notranje zadeve, Slovenija), mag. Dieter Schindlauer (ZARA, Dunaj, Avstrija), prof. dr. Silvo Devetak (ISCOMET, Maribor, Slovenija), doc. dr. Jasna Murgel (ISCOMET, Maribor, Slovenija) in Branko Novak (Policijska akademija, Ljubljana, Slovenija) (od leve proti desni), Koper, 25. september 2007. Vir: ISCOMET Darko Poštrak (Section of state border of Ministry of Interior, Slovenia), Mag. Dieter Schindlauer (ZARA, Vienna, Austria), Prof.Dr. Silvo Devetak (ISCOMET, Maribor, Slovenia), Doc.Dr. Jasna Murgel (ISCOMET, Maribor, Slovenia) and Branko Novak (Police Academy, Ljubljana, Slovenia) (from left to right), Koper, 25 September 2007. Source: ISCOMET Skupinska slika udeležencev seminarja za mejno policijo na slovensko-hrvaški v prostorih novomeške policijske uprave, 26. september 2007. Vir: ISCOMET Participants of the seminar for the border police on Slovene-Croatian border in the premises of the Police Directorate Novo mesto, 26 September 2007. Source: IS- COMET 18
Prof. dr. Silvo Devetak med predavanjem na novomeški policijski upravi, 26. septembra 2007. V ozadju mag. Dieter Schindlauer (ZARA, Dunaj, Avstrija) ter Ezio Benedetti in prof. Gian Luigi Cecchini (I.G.E.S., Gorica, Italija). Vir: ISCOMET Prof.Dr. Silvo Devetak during his lecture in the premises of the Police Directorate Novo mesto, 26 September 2007. Mag. Dieter Schindlauer (ZARA, Vienna, Austria) and Ezio Benedetti and Prof. Gian Luigi Cecchini, both (I.G.E.S., Gorizia, Italy) (behind). Source: ISCOMET Seminarja za mejno policijo na slovenskohrvaški meji na policijski postaji Ptuj se je udeležilo preko 40 policistov, 27. september 2007. Vir: ISCOMET Seminar for border police on Slovene- Croatian border, held in the Police station Ptuj, was attended by more that 40 police officers, 27 September 2007. Source: IS- COMET Pregled listin za prestop državne meje. Vir: arhiv Policije Examination of documents at crossing of the state border. Source: Police archives 19
Skupno varovanje državne meje s hrvaškim policistom. Vir: arhiv Policije Joint protection of the state border with Croatian police officer. Source: Police archives Mejni prehod Središče ob Dravi. Foto: Bartolo Lampret Border crossing Središče ob Dravi. Foto: Bartolo Lampret Oprema za nadzor meje na morju. Vir: arhiv Policije Equipment for supervision of the see border. Source: Police archives 20
Udeleženci mednarodnega posveta za obmejne lokalne skupnosti, upravne enote in regionalne razvojne agencije iz Republike Slovenije in Republike Hrvaške, Rogaška Slatina, 3. oktober 2007. Vir: ISCOMET Participants of the international conference for local communities, administration units and regional development agencies from the Republic of Slovenia and the Republic of Croatia, Rogaška Slatina, 3 October 2007. Source: ISCOMET MMag. Volker Frey (Litigation Association of NGOs against Discrimination, Dunaj, Avstrija), prof. dr. Silvo Devetak (ISCOMET, Maribor, Slovenija), nj. eksc. dr. Mario Nobilo (veleposlanik Republike Hrvaške v Sloveniji), Bogdan Benko (direktorat za evropske in bilateralne zadeve, Ministrstvo za zunanje zadeve Republike Slovenije) in Ezio Benedetti, (I.G.E.S., Gorica, Italija), Rogaška Slatina, 3. oktober 2007. Vir: ISCOMET Mag. Volker Frey (Litigation Association of NGOs against Discrimination, Vienna, Austria), Prof.Dr. Silvo Devetak (ISCOMET, Maribor, Slovenia), H.E. Dr. Mario Nobilo (Ambassador of the Republic of Croatia in Slovenia), Bogdan Benko (Division for European and bilateral issues, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Slovenia) and Ezio Benedetti, (I.G.E.S., Gorizia, Italy), Rogaška Slatina, 3 Oktober 2007. Source: ISCOMET Mednarodni posvet z naslovom Življenje ob meji, čezmejno sodelovanje in schengenski mejni režim je pritegnil veliko pozornost medijev, Rogaška Slatina, 3. oktober 2007. Vir: ISCOMET International conference Living along the border, cross-border cooperation and Schengen border regime has attracted considerable attention of mass media, Rogaška Slatina, 3 October 2007. Source: ISCOMET 21
CONTENTS Introduction... 23 Project Consortium and Project management... 26 Project goals... 27 Project programme and actions... 27 Project publications... 28 Findings of the opinion survey... 30 External Project evaluation... 31 ISCOMET Institute Presentation of the Project co-ordinator... 34 Press clipping... 41 22
INTRODUCTION Equal treatment of people and prohibition of discrimination between them on the grounds of religion or belief or racial, ethnic, or language affiliation or age or sexual orientation presents the foundation of human rights. First of all we must raise legal awareness and ethic feeling for discrimination in struggle against discrimination. Discrimination is any act of distinguishing, excluding, restricting or giving of advantage to individual on political, economic, social, cultural or on whichever field of public life. Discrimination can be direct, indirect (which is the most frequent form), or it can manifest itself as harassment. Discrimination is a rather hidden way of violation of human rights and disrespects of human dignity. Prohibition of discrimination is ius cogens, of international law. Every contract or legal instrument, that would contain violation of prohibition of discrimination, is reason for absolute voidness, for voidness of legal effects of such contract or of instrument from the very beginning. Wrong, for instance, are also opinions, that perhaps because of democratic reasons discrimination or violation of human rights for certain group people can be accepted. Prohibition of discrimination is one from fundamental goals of United Nations, of Council of Europe and also of European Union. European Commission (Directorate General for Justice, Freedom and Security) has in year 2006 entrusted to Consortium of University and others institutions from Austria, Italy and Slovenia, co-ordinated by ISCOMET - Institute for Ethnic and Regional Studies from Maribor, realization of the Project dealing with the respect of human rights and principles of non-discrimination in the work of border police and in execution of penalties of imprisonment in Slovenia. Call was opened for institutions and organizations of civil society in the European Union member countries. The selection of ISCOMET Institute as the coordinator of this Project could be understood as acknowledgment of previous endeavours of ISCOMET, which at that time concluded an extensive international project devoted to implementation of European Union norms about prohibition of discrimination in Slovenia. Main part of the Project programme embraced three inter-connected parts. First part of the Project programme was dedicated to the members Schengen police that are working on Slovene-Croatian border, and to the representatives of relevant governmental agencies (Centre for Foreigners, Administration for Asylum and Migrations, Customs). Around 150 carefully selected police officers and representatives of relevant agencies connected with frontier issues took part in the three seminars. The first seminar was in Koper/Capodistria, the second in Novo mesto and the third in Ptuj. The following contents were discussed: results and dilemmas of European Union policy towards Western Balkans in the context of European neighbourhood policy (Prof.Dr. Silvo Devetak, Director, ISCOMET, Maribor), legal regulation of the prohibition of discrimination in the European Union (Mag. Dieter Schindlauer, ZARA, Vienna, Austria, human rights protection at the work of police officers on the border control and with the applicants for asylum (Branko Novak, Police Academy, Ljubljana, Slovenia), standards of the European Union and of the Republic of Slovenia concerning the police work on EU external borders (Darko Poštrak, Section of state border, Ministry of the Interior, Ljubljana, Slovenia), problems concerning illegal migration flows in Italy (Prof. Gian Luigi Cecchini and Prof. Ezio Benedetti, I.G.E.S., Gorizia, Italia) and implementation of the right to asylum in Slovenia in the context of legal regulation of this question within the European Union (Doc.Dr. Jasna Murgel, Judge at the Local Court in Maribor and external collaborator of ISCOMET Institute, Maribor, Slovenia). Second part of the Project was dedicated to informing and considering of the problems that the local communities are facing along the new Schengen border between Slovenia and Croatia. Round table was organised in Rogaška Slatina, by ISCOMET - Institute for Ethnic and Regional Studies, in 23
co-operation with the Association of Local Municipalities and Towns of Slovenia, the Association of the Municipalities of Slovenia and with the Police Academy. Round table had very practical title Living along the border, cross-border cooperation and Schengen border regime. The conference had the next goals: 1) to inform representatives of local communities along the border about different points of operation of the Schengen border, 2) to contribute to the promotion of implementation of international standards, especially standards of the European Union, in the field of prevention of discrimination and respect of human rights and 3) to consider and to elaborate recommendations for the government of the Republic of Slovenia and for the competent bodies of the European Union. Recommendations proposed some possible solutions for questions, that were raised during the discussions by the representatives of local communities from both sides of the border and which could have negative influences on the life along the border and cross-border co-operation. In the discussions at the Conference participated actively representatives of municipalities and of administrative units from Slovenia and Croatia, that border on new Schengen border, representatives of regional developmental agencies, representatives of some ministries, local non-governmental organizations, experts from Slovenia and abroad, representatives of interested institutions and organizations and other interested public. The third part of the Project was dedicated to the prison staff in Slovene prisons. On two seminars (Dob and Celje), participants considered the next topics: findings of the opinion survey of the prison staff and prisoners (Mag. Tomaž Klenovšek, ISCOMET Institute, Maribor, Slovenia), implementation of the international legal standards on human rights of the imprisoned persons in Slovenia (Mag. Gregor Maučec, ISCOMET Institute, Maribor, Slovenia), prohibition of torture and its application in international legal practice (Doc.Dr. Suzana Kraljić, Faculty of Law of University of Maribor, Slovenia), respect of diversity among people as a foundation of the stability of the multicultural European society (Prof.Dr. Silvo Devetak, ISCOMET Institute, Maribor, Slovenia) and legal and other means for protection from discrimination in the Slovenian and in the international law (Doc.Dr. Jasna Murgel, Judge at the Local Court in Maribor and external collaborator of ISCOMET Institute, Maribor, Slovenia. Great attention was devoted to dissemination of Project results during all the life-cycle of the Project; at the end of the Project duration a final presentation was organised in Maribor, which received considerable attention in media. At the conclusion of the Project, we would like to take the opportunity to express our thankfulness to all who contributed to its successful implementation; among them we would like to expose particularly our collaborators from institutions, that constituted international Project consortium: PIP (Pravo Informacije Pomoč, Maribor, Slovenia), ZARA (Zivilcourage und Anti-Rasssismus-Arbeit, Vienna, Austria), I.G.E.S. (Istituto Internazionale di Alti Studi Giuridico Economici per lo Sviluppo, Gorizia, Italy), ONLUS (Istituto Euromediterraneo, Trieste, Italy) and ECERS (European Centre for Ethnic, Regional and Sociological Studies of University of Maribor, Slovenia). In the name of members of the international Consortium we would further like to extent our expressions of thankfulness to those organizations and individuals who gave an important contribution to the successful implementation of the Project actions in very specific fields. Thus, acknowledgements go to the administration of the Slovene police and especially to Mr. Danijel Lorbek, the Director of the border police section of the Ministry of Interior of the Republic of Slovenia, to Mr. Darko Poštrak, the Director of the Section for state borders, of the Administration of the uniformed police, of the Ministry of Interior of the Republic of Slovenia, and to Mr. Branko Novak, higher lecturer from the Police academy in Ljubljana. The same gratefulness goes to police officers and other employees of the Ministry of the Interior, who took active part as participants in seminars. We are taking the opportunity to express thankfulness also to the leadership of Association of Local Municipalities and Towns of Slovenia, the Association of communities of municipalities of Slovenia and representatives of local communities, local development agencies and individual experts, who all took part in prepa- 24
rations and implementation of the conference in Rogaška Slatina. Further our special acknowledgement for help and co-operation go to colleagues from Prison Administration and from individual prisons: to Mr. Tomaž Smole, the Director of Prison Administration of the Republic of Slovenia, to Mr. Božidar Peteh, the Head of department for safety, Mrs. Slava Novak, Secretary for international co-operation, to Mr. Jože Podržaj, the Director of the Dob prison in Mirna, to Mr. Bojan Majcen, the Head of department for safety from Dob prison, and to Mr. Darko Plauštajner, the Director of semi-open unit Slovenska vas from Dob prison; further to Mrs. Olga Uršič Perhavc, the Director of Ig prison, Mrs. Edita Mejač, the Director of Celje prison, and to Mr. Miran Candellariju, the Director of Ljubljana prison. And finally our acknowledgement goes to all prison staff and prisoners that were prepared to take part in our survey and to give answers to questions, which were referring to the phenomena of discrimination and violation human rights. Prof.Dr. Silvo Devetak Co-ordinator of the International Project and Director of ISCOMET Institute for Ethnic and Regional Studies, Maribor, Slovenia 25
PROJECT CONSORTIUM AND ITS MANAGEMENT Members of the Project Consortium ISCOMET Institute for Ethnic and Regional Studies, Maribor, Slovenia PIP Pravo Informacije Pomoč (Institution PIP), Maribor, Slovenia ZARA Zivilcourage und Anti-Rasssismus-Arbeit, Wienna, Austria I.G.E.S. Istituto Internazionale di Alti Studi Giuridico Economici per lo Sviluppo, Gorizia, Italy Instituto Euromediterraneo Onlus, Trieste, Italy ECERS European Centre for Ethnic, Regional and Sociological Studies, University of Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia Project Co-ordinator ISCOMET Institute for Ethnic and Regional Studies, Maribor, Slovenia MANAGEMENT OF THE PROJECT Co-ordinator Prof.Dr. Silvo Devetak, Director, ISCOMET Institute for Ethnic and Regional Studies, Maribor, Slovenia International Programme Council Srečko Đurov PIP Pravo Informacije Pomoč (Institution PIP), Maribor, Slovenia Mag. Dieter Schnindlauer ZARA Zivilcourage und Anti-Rasssismus-Arbeit, Vienna, Austria Prof.Dr. Gian Luigi Cecchini I.G.E.S. Istituto Internazionale di Alti Studi Giuridico Economici per lo Sviluppo, Gorizia, Italy Lucio Gregoretti Istituto Euromediterraneo Onlus, Trieste, Italy Branko Novak Police Academy, Ljubljana, Slovenia Božidar Peteh Prison Administration of the Republic of Slovenia, Ljubljana, Slovenia Project administration Jasmina Klojčnik, uni. dipl. oec. and mag. Franc Mlinar 26
PROJECT GOALS The Project had several goals of which the most important are: To raise the awareness and knowledge of members of groups, which are the potential victims (prisoners, asylum seekers, foreigners, etc.) about human rights protection and especially nondiscrimination and respect of human dignity. To increase the sensibility for the respect of human rights and respect of human dignity among of members of border police force responsible for border control procedures and members of the prisons staff. To increase the awareness of the Slovenian public and especially of people living along the EU outer border with Croatia of necessity for respecting human rights in prisons and in the activities of border control corps and their knowledge on human rights, etc. To contribute to the promotion of the implementation of international and especially EU standards on non-discrimination and respect of human rights and dignity. PROJECT PROGRAMME AND ACTIONS The following activities were implemented in the framework of the Project: 1. Opinion survey among prisoners and prison staff on issues of discrimination in 4 prisons in Slovenia. 2. Preparation of three seminars police officers working on the Schengen border and for employees from the field of migrations and asylum. 3. Organisation of the Conference for local communities along the border between Slovenia and Croatia. 4. Preparation of two seminars for prisons staff. 5. Web page on activities and results of the Project: www.iscomet.org. 6. Info brochures for: border police officers and local population along the border with Croatia prison officers, prisoners and members of their families 7. Elaboration of policy recommendations for amelioration of the situation on the Schengen border. 8. Establishment of the Project network. 9. Concluding round table and presentation of results. 27
PROJECT PUBLICATIONS CONTENTS: Prof.Dr. Silvo Devetak, Project Coordinator and Director of ISCOMET Institute for Ethnic and Regional Studies, Maribor Editor s introduction Mag. Gregor Maučec, ISCOMET, Maribor Schengen border regime and the role of Slovenia at its implementation Danijel Lorbek, Director of the border police division of Ministry of the Interior of the Republic of Slovenia Provision of Schengen and Slovenian legislation which are relevant for the work of the police on Schengen border Darko Poštrak, Director of the section for state borders, of the Administration of uniformed police, of the Ministry of the Interior of the Republic of Slovenia Analysis of the relation and co-operation between Slovenian policemen for control of state border with Republic of Croatia and local border population Doc.Dr. Jasna Murgel, Judge at the Local Court in Maribor and external collaborator of ISCOMET Institute, Maribor, Slovenia Republic of Slovenia and implementation of the rights to asylum in the context of legal regulation of this question within European Union Prof. Ezio Benedetti and Prof. Gian Luigi Cecchini, I.G.E.S. - Istituto Internazionale di Alti Studi Giuridico Economici per lo Sviluppo, Gorizia, Italy Migratory policies and readmission agreements: the case of Italy and Slovenia Priporočila za reševanje problemov v zvezi z izvajanjem schengenskega sistema na meji s Hrvaško in v drugih državah na zunanjih mejah Unije Recommendations for solving the problems connected to the implementation of the Schengen system on the border with Croatia and in other countries at the external EU borders Relevant provisions concerning free movement of people, state border, rights of foreigners and Schengen system About ISCOMET Project co-ordinator Consortium and Project management 28
CONTENTS: Priporočila Recommendations Kontakti/Contacts CONTENTS: Prof.Dr. Silvo Devetak, Co-ordinator of international Project and director of ISCOMET Institute for Ethnic and Regional Studies, Maribor, Slovenia By way of introduction Doc.Dr. Suzana Kraljić, Faculty of Law of University of Maribor, Slovenia International legal norms on prohibition of torture Mag. Gregor Maučec, ISCOMET, Maribor, Slovenia Observations and recommendations of international treaty bodies regarding respecting human rights in Slovene prisons Mag. Tomaž Klenovšek, external collaborator of ISCOMET, Maribor, Slovenia Opinion survey of the prison staff and prisoners Doc.Dr. Jasna Murgel, Judge at the Local Court in Maribor and external collaborator of ISCOMET Institute, Maribor, Slovenia Legal means for protection against discrimination in Slovenian and international legislation Slava Novak, Prison Administration, Ljubljana, Slovenia Respect of human dignity as fundamental guidance at execution of prison sanctions implementation of recommendations of international legal bodies Relevant international and national legal provisions concerning human rights of prisoners and detainees and some useful information and contacts About ISCOMET Project co-ordinator Consortium and Project management 29
FINDINGS OF THE OPINION SURVEY (short summary) In the frame of the International Project Respect of human dignity and non-discrimination principle in the work of border police and in the execution of prison penalties the case of Slovenia opinion survey among prisoners and prison staff was foreseen as one of the activities in order to get an insight into their understanding of discrimination issues, especially still the aspects of discrimination, which base on ethnic affiliation or religion. To this end special questionnaire with limited number of easily understandable questions was developed which contributed to the elucidation of the issues of discrimination in Slovenian prisons. In the opinion survey, which was carried out in June 2008, 157 prisoners and 107 prison staff from 4 prisons in Slovenia took part. On the basis of the finished survey it is not possible to draw final conclusions about the discrimination in Slovene prisons. Our personal noticing in realisation of the research goes in the direction, that discrimination in Slovene prisons is not the main problem. The majority of the problems, and most probably also part that is connected with different forms of discriminations, has its causes in the scarce space and lack of skilled prison personnel. However, it is obvious that the experience of discrimination is more explicitly present among members of ethnic minorities than among the prevailing Slovene population; on the other hand is was evident that the prison personnel has a considerably lower critical view on existence of discrimination on base of ethnic or of religious affiliation than prisoners. In general it can be concluded that most discriminated are the perpetrators of criminal offences against sexual inviolability; the next most common form of discrimination is the one grounded on ethnic affiliation. The methodology of the presented survey permits only a restricted insight into the true life behind the iron prison curtains. A more complex and integral research would demand, of course, a different methodological approach; for example a method of observation or observation with co-operation. Regardless of the fact, that the field of discrimination in prisons is also in other European Union states rather poorly examined, we can nevertheless claim, that the circumstances in the Slovene prisons are for the time being not critical. Our research shows that administrations of individual prisons strive for good inter-ethnic and interreligious relations, which was recognised by prisoners and by prison personnel as well as. The other question is, of course, how successful they are in this in reality; anyhow the results of the survey show that the representatives of ethnic minorities in a predominant number answered more critically to questions that referred to discrimination issues than the members of the Slovenian majority. Taking the results of the survey in account, we can draw a presumption that the problem of discrimination could escalate when a number of foreigners from distant (e.g. from Africa or from Asia) cultures will increase in Slovene prisons. To this end it is reasonable and justified to devote greater attention to this theme in the future, especially in the filed of prevention and education about themes that are connected with phenomena of discrimination. More about research of opinions among prisoners and prison staff about discrimination in Slovene prisons can be found in the publication Diskriminacija in pravice človeka v slovenskih zaporih/discrimination and human rights in Slovene prisons (in Slovene language only) and on the internet page www.iscomet.org. 30
EXTERNAL PROJECT EVALUATION Two external evaluations of the Project were produced by carefully selected experts from Slovenia. The first project evaluator was Doc.Dr. Lilijana Selinšek from the Department for Criminal Law of the Faculty of Law in Maribor, who is also a member of several national and international expert bodies, like the International Association of Penal Law (AIDP); European Criminal Law Academic Network (ECLAN), Slovene Society for Criminal Law and Criminology, national Committee for Prevention and Combating of Crime, and Council for Penal Law at Ministry of Justice. Dr. Selinšek was requested to prepare evaluation of the Project part, which dealt with the situation in Slovene prisons. The second evaluation was performed by Doc.Dr. Cirila Toplak, from the Political Theory Department of the Faculty of Social Sciences Ljubljana. Dr. Toplak s field of interest embraces topics of the evolution of idea on European integration; for several years she served also as a president of the Association of Slovene municipalities and as such is qualified to give an evaluation of the actions regarding the Schengen border and the influence its introduction has on local social environment on both sides of the border. Here below we are presenting some main accentuations from both evaluations:.. The results of the project are published in the book Diskriminacija in pravice človeka v slovenskih zaporih (Discrimination and Human Rights in Slovene Prisons) that contains the written contributions of research group members, and also large introduction, in which general coordinator of the project Prof.Dr. Silvo Devetak is summarizing and analyzing all relevant findings and cognitions arising from the project; and is presenting also the main proposals for the needed changes and new approaches in Slovenia, as regards the respect of human rights and non-discrimination principle in Slovene prisons. Two major things should be done, according to the findings of research group: 1) renovation of appeal system that would enable the treatment of the appeals filled by the prisoners that feel they are victim of discrimination in the maximal possible discreet way and 2) preparation of permanent educational programme for prison personnel about all relevant views of non-discrimination principle. The results of the project are advantageous and applicable on three major levels: - for the theory (the theory of criminal law and also of human rights law and international law is enriched with the complex and up-to-date presentation of Slovene situation in the field of human rights respect in the execution of prison penalty); - for the competent state authorities (the results of the project are confirming the fact that Slovene prison system needs renovation and are including also concrete proposals for new approaches in the field of avoiding discrimination and violation of human rights behind the walls of prisons); - for the practice (the project is bringing new and original research of the situation in Slovene prisons, which is important for people in practice to be aware of. Besides, the book resulting from the project contains in between the list of all important international, European and national laws dealing with human rights of prisoners and detainees. Such list is very appreciated for people that are dealing with prison population in their everyday work). The same as in other countries, also in Slovenia the questions about human rights (including dignity and non-discrimination) of prisoners are very sensitive. Therefore the project aimed at the ascertainment of present situation and at the proposals for the improvement of this situation is more than welcomed. The review of final results of international project Respect of human dignity and non-discrimina- 31
tion principle in the work of border police and in the execution of prison penalties«- the case of Slovenia (part about respect of human dignity and non-discrimination principle in the execution of prison penalties) is showing that the research group has taken all needed and appropriate methods for achieving the final aim, and that the results of the project are advantageous and fully applicable in theory and practice. Therefore the final estimation of the project is without any obstacles - very positive.. Liljana Selinšek, PhD Department for Criminal Law Law Faculty of University of Maribor, Slovenia * * *. The principal project objective was met by a seminar entitled Life along the Border, Crossborder Cooperation and the Schengen Border Regime, held on October 3 2007 in Rogaška Slatina, Slovenia. Seminar was attended by app. 60 participants and had substantial media coverage. The program was divided in three parts: presentation of the Schengen regime; expected impact of the implementation of the Schengen regime and, open debate on specifics of Slovenian-Croatian border in the light of the coming changes. The program also included good practices on Italian and Austrian experience with Schengen regime. By organizing this seminar, project coordinators without a doubt performed a valuable service to local communities along the new Schengen border. Information was spread that helped disperse fears and prejudices of local population living along the border. Border issues related to local population actually prevailed over issues concerning border police and their respect of human rights. Austrian experience was emphasized on a special human rights coordinator closely working with the police on human rights issues. However, since police treatment of passengers is crucial on the spot, recommendation of such an additional institute could be considered as a possibility for the police to share or even avoid direct responsibility for respect of human rights until later in the process of treatment of Schengen passengers. I agree with one of the seminar conclusions that the police should consider themselves as protectors of human rights and that is why relevant permanent awareness raising of police on respect of human rights and human dignity seems of outmost importance. The latter issue has actually been addressed by the special project seminar entitled Activities of Border Police aiming at Respect of Human Dignity within the Schengen Regime, held at three locations around Slovenia in September 2007. Recommendations have also been published in 2008 on the implementation of the Schengen regime and on the exterior Schengen border as a challenge and a responsibility that are without a doubt a valuable tool for border police. These brochures would have been even more useful were they available at the time the special seminars were held for the police in September 2007 as they could have been thoroughly explained to the seminar attendees. Although one of the project objectives has been undoubtedly met by the publication of the afore mentioned brochures, the brochures themselves lack the easy-to-use format and pedagogically organized contents of a manual that would have been particularly useful to the police in the course of their activities. The contents of the brochures are rather academic at times and information is presented in a not so handy manner. All in all, I consider the international project Respect of Human Dignity and Non-Discrimination Principle in the Work of Border Police the Case of Slovenia a success as it managed to meet most of its objectives within the set timetable. It importantly contributed to awareness raising on the Schengen regime of all concerned stakeholders in this process. By that it helped loosen the imaginary borders in people s minds, consisting of misinformation, prejudice and tendentious 32
political propaganda. Project coordinators demonstrated recommendable sensibility regarding design of the project activities and inclusion of all concerned stakeholders. I see a possible follow-up of this project in new or improved contents on respect of human rights and human dignity in the curriculum of the Slovenian Police Academy. Also, police would improve their cooperation with population by promoting their image as protectors and not repressors with regard to the Schengen regime. After all, the regime does impose a harsh division between populations living along a Schengen border. On the other hand, the Schengen regime could also be perceived (and promoted) as an additional motive and a pressure issue on the non-eu side of the border for the country, Croatia in this case, to access the EU in the shortest delay Assist. Prof. Cirila Toplak, PhD Political Theory Department Faculty of Social Sciences University of Ljubljana, Slovenia 33
ISCOMET INSTITUTE PRESENTATION OF THE PROJECT CO-ORDINATOR The holder and coordinator of the project Respect of human dignity and non-discrimination principle in the work of border police and in the execution of prison penalties the case of Slovenia is ISCOMET Institute for Ethnic and Regional Studies from Maribor, Slovenia. The main areas of activity and expert interest of ISCOMET Institute are the following fields: political, institutional, ethnic, cultural and language views of European integration, also within the context of EU expansion, collective foreign and safety policy of the EU and its execution in South Eastern Europe and Transcaucasia, the role of religious communities in the processes of reconciliation and development of democracy, and cooperation among nations in South Eastern Europe, international cooperation between EU countries and on present and future external borders of EU, regionalism in the framework of European integration processes with emphasis on regional cooperation of Slovenia with neighbouring countries, nationalism, racism, xenophobia, discrimination based on ethnicity and religion, human rights and protection of minorities and other vulnerable social groups, protection and preservation of cultural heritage of ethnic and religious communities, prevention and peaceful resolution of ethnic in religious conflicts and settling of relations in post-conflict situations, status and rights problems of migrants and asylum-seekers and their integration, status of an individual in international law. ISCOMET Institute also presents a legal and organisational-administrative framework for the operation of the international non-governmental organisation named ISCOMET - International Scientific Conference Minorities for Europe of Tomorrow (ISCOMET INGO), which is one of the forms of operation of the Institute. The roots of ISCOMET INGO go back to year 1989, when a group of Slovenian experts, supported by the Council of Europe, summoned a founding conference on which they accepted its first statute and programme of activities. Since 1992, ISCOMET INGO has had a consultative status within the Council of Europe. In 1998, it became one of the 35 non-governmental organisations that have a right to lodge collective complaints in cases of disregard of the European Social Charter. Today, ISCOMET INGO is a widespread international organisation that connects 250 individual and collective members, among whom are eminent experts, professors, activists and officials, who come from all European and other countries. What unites them is their devotion to preserve peace, democratic development, human dignity and friendly cooperation between nations, countries and regions of Europe. ISCOMET Institute coordinates and executes different international projects, organizes international scientific and expert meetings, stimulates exchange of information, knowledge and experiences, develops research work and cooperates with those governmental and non-governmental organiza- 34
tions which have similar objectives. In recent years ISCOMET acted as co-ordinator of following international projects: - Democracy, Human Rights, Protection of National and Religion Minorities in South - Eastern Europe (1999-2001). The Project was with the decision of the European Council placed on prior list of Project on the field of stability, neighbourhood and Civil society in SEE (Royaumont Process). Project has covered different activities from field research activities to organizing of workshops and experts meetings. Main result of the Project was establishment of ISCOMET Network for Democracy, Human Rights, Protection of Minorities, Co-operation and Development in South - Eastern Europe which presents permanent platform for implementing of common actions of different partners from SEE after the conclusion of the Project. - Maribor Initiative Contribution of Religious Communities to Reconciliation, Respect of Diversity, Democracy, Human Rights, Protection of Minorities, Co-operation and Stability in South Eastern Europe (2001 - ). So far different actions were carried out in Serbia, Montenegro, Romania, Slovenia and Moldova and similar actions are foresees also in Bulgaria and Macedonia. The Maribor Initiative is aimed at finding ways and means for enhancing the contribution of churches and religious communities in SEE to the realisation of the goals of the Stability Pact in the fields related to the contents of the Initiative. This basic aim is being realised through including into the activities of all people of good will, believers and non-believers religious dignitaries, members of religious communities, of civil society organisations and institutions, academics, researchers, civil servants and governmental functionaries, representatives of international governmental and non-governmental organisations etc. - International Project Training and Education for Combating Discrimination in Slovenia (2005-2007). Project was supported by European Commission, Directorate General for Employment and Social Affairs within the Community action programme to combat discrimination. Programme of the Project has embraced the actions for promotion of implementation of EU anti-discrimination legislation and for building-up measures for combating discrimination on different level of social life in Slovenia. - ISCOMET is a partner organisation to the Project TEMPUS JEP Master in European Integration POGESTEI at Faculties of Law of the Universities of Belgrade, Novi Sad and Niš in Serbia (2005-2008). The goal of the Project is to introduce new post-graduate study programme on European integration at three Faculties of Law in Serbia (Belgrade, Niš and Novi Sad). - ISCOMET is a co-ordinator of the International Project Respect of human dignity and nondiscrimination principle in the work of border police and in the execution of prison penalties the case of Slovenia (2007-2008). Project was prepared on initiative of Slovenian Police and Slovenian Prison Administration with the aim to help above-mentioned institutions to help implementing European standards on human rights and non-discrimination at their work. - European Union (EuropeAid) approved International Project BRIDGE Fostering mutual understanding and co-operation of the EU with Ukraine, Belarus, Moldova and Russia (2008-2012). Main goal of the Project is to implement different activities aiming promoting and spreading information on mechanisms of co-operation between European Union and 4 target countries from its eastern neighbourhood. ISOMET - INGO pays particular attention to organisation of numerous international expert gatherings such as scientific conferences, meetings, round tables, seminars, etc. By 2005, it has organised 20 all-european international conferences, which dealt with general, current socio-cultural changes in Europe. One of the most successful were conferences in Maribor (1992 and 1995), Brno (1993), Odessa (1997), Timişoara (2001), Copenhagen (1994 and 1998) and Saint Petersburg (2003). 35
ISCOMET Institute also develops publishing activities. It has published numerous scientific publications (Pravica do različnosti/the Right to Be Different, 1999; Položaj posameznika v mednarodnem pravu/the Position of an Individual in International Law; 2003, etc) and miscellanies (Small Nations and Ethnic Minorities in Emerging Europe, 1992; Ohraniti sanje/to Preserve the Dreams, 1997; Legal Position of Churches and Religious Communities in South-Eastern Europe, 2004; Religion and Democracy in Moldova in English and Romanian language, 2005, etc.). Since 1995, ISCOMET has been a coeditor and publisher of Regional Contact magazine, which is intended for exchange of experiences and ideas in the areas of regionalism, international cooperation, preservation of cultural heritage of regions and ethnic communities, and protection of minorities in Europe. For additional information contact us at: ISCOMET Institute for Ethnic and Regional Studies H. Tomšiča 4, SI-2000 Maribor, Slovenia Telephone: +386 2 250 04 40, Fax: +386 2 250 04 41 E-mail: iscomet@siol.net www.iscomet.org 36
Ekipa ISCOMET pred zapori v Celju. Doc. dr. Suzana Kraljič, mag. Tomaž Klenovšek, doc. dr. Jasna Murgel, prof. dr. Silvo Devetak, mag. Gregor Maučec in mag. Franc Mlinar (od leve proti desni). Vir: ISCOMET ISCOMET team in front of Celje prison. Doc.Dr. Suzana Kraljič, Mag. Tomaž Klenovšek, Doc.Dr. Jasna Murgel, Prof. Dr. Silvo Devetak, Mag. Gregor Maučec in Mag. Franc Mlinar (from leftto right). Source: ISCOMET. Del udeležencev izobraževalnega seminarja za zaporsko osebje 18. novembra 2008 v Celju. Vir: ISCOMET Part of participants of the seminar for prison staff in Celje, 18 November 2008. Source: ISCOMET. Doc. dr. Jasna Murgel med predavanjem o pravnih sredstvih za varstvo pred diskriminacijo v slovenskem in mednarodnem pravu v Celju. Vir: ISCOMET Doc.Dr. Jasna Murgel during lecturing on legal means for protection against discrimination in Slovenian and international legislation in Celje. Source: ISCOMET 37
G. Božidar Peteh iz Generalne uprave Republike Slovenije za izvrševanje kazenskih sankcij med nagovorom udeležencev v Dobu. Vir: ISCOMET Mr. Božidar Peteh form Prison Administration of Republic of Slovenia addressing participants of the seminar in Dob. Source: ISCOMET. Doc. dr. Suzana Kraljič govori o prepovedi mučenja na izobraževanju za zaporsko osebje 17. novembra 2008 na Dobu. Vir: ISCOMET Doc.Dr. Suzana Kraljič speaks about on prohibition of torture on seminar for prison staff in Dob, 17November 2008. Source: ISCOMET Dob ponoči januarja, 2005. Vir: URSIKS Prison Dob at night in January 2005. Source: URSIKS 38
Obsojenci so za svojo zabavo naredili namizni nogomet iz kartona. Vir: URSIKS Sentenced people made desk football made from paper board for their entertainment. Source: URSIKS Običajna celica v regionalnem zaporu s preveč ležišči. Vir: URSIKS An ordinary cell in regional prison with too many beds. Source: URSIKS Udeleženci predstavitve rezultatov projekta v Mariboru, 18. december 2008. Vir: ISCOMET Participants of the concluding presentation of the Project results in Maribor, 18 December 2008. Source: ISCOMET 39
Častni konzul Republike Hrvaške v Sloveniji prof. dr. Šime Ivanjko (v sredini), sredi diskusije, Maribor, 18. december 2008; levo on njega Srečko Đurov, PIP, Maribor, desno doc. dr. Suzana Kraljić, Pravna fakulteta Univerze v Mariboru. Vir: ISCOMET Honourable consul of the Republic of Croatia in Slovenia, Prof.Dr. Šime Ivanjko in the middle of the discussion, Maribor, 18 December 2008; Srečko Đurov, PIP, Maribor (left) and Doc.Dr. Suzana Kraljić, Facuty of Law of University of Maribor (right). Source: ISCOMET Poti ilegalnih migracij na Balkanu. Vir: IS- COMET Routes of illegal migration on Balkans. Source: ISCOMET Danijel Lorbek, direktor Sektorja mejne policije Ministrstva za notranje zadeve, in prof. dr. Silvo Devetak, direktor, ISCOMET, v pogovoru po koncu predstavitve rezultatov projekta v Mariboru, 18. decembra 2008. V ozadju Božidar Peteh iz Uprave RS za izvrševanje kazenskih sankcij Ministrstva za pravosodje. Vir: ISCOMET Danijel Lorbek, Director of Border police division of Ministry of the Interior and Prof.Dr. Silvo Devetak, Director of ISCOM- ET chatting after the presentation of the results of the Project in Maribor. Božidar Peteh from Prison Administration of the Ministry of Justice (behind). Source: IS- COMET 40
ODZIV MEDIJEV/PRESS CLIPPING Revija/Magazine VARNOST Dnevnik/Newspaper VEČER, petek/friday, 19. december/december 2008, V zaporih so najbolj diskriminirani pedofili/in prisons are paedophiles most discriminated 41
Dnevnik/Newspaper DELO, četrtek/thursday, 4. oktober/october 2007, Schengen bo zarezal v življenje ob meji/schengen will cut into life along the border Dnevnik/Newspaper DNEVNIK, četrtek/thursday, 4. oktober/october 2007, Ljudje premalo obveščeni, kaj jim prinaša Schengen/People are not informed enough on what Schengen brings to them 42
Dnevnik/Newspaper VEČER, četrtek/thursday, 4. oktober/october 2007 Hrvati že prodajajo zemljišča v Sloveniji/Croats already selling their land in Slovenia Revija/Journal ČASOSPIS, september-oktober 2007, Življenje ob meji schengenski mejni režim/living along the border Schengen border regime 43
RTV SLOVENIJA, četrtek 18. december 2008, poročilo o sklepnem srečanju v večernih poročilih Dnevnik TV Maribor National Television RTV SLOVENIA, Thursday 18 December 2008, report on Project concluding meeting in the evening news broadcast Dnevnik TV Maribor TV RTS, četrtek 18. december 2008, poročilo o sklepnem srečanju v poročilih Kronika Local TV station RTS, Thursday 18 December 2008, report on Project concluding meeting in the evening news broadcast Kronika Slovenska tiskovna agencija, 18. december 2008, poročilo o sklepnem srečanju Slovenian Press Agency, 18 December 2008, report on Project concluding meeting Internetna stran Slovenske policije, poročilo o sklepnem srečanju Slovenian Police webpage, report on Project concluding meeting RTV SLOVENIJA, 3. oktober 2007, poročilo iz Posvetovanja za lokalne skupnosti, upravne enote in regionalne razvojne agencije iz Republike Slovenije in Republike Hrvaške v osrednjem TV dnevniku National Television RTV SLOVENIA, 3 October 2007, report on Conference for local communities, administration units and regional development agencies from Republic of Slovenia and Republic of Croatia in the central evening news broadcast Dnevnik RTV SLOVENIJA, 3. oktober 2007, poročilo iz Posvetovanja za lokalne skupnosti, upravne enote in regionalne razvojne agencije iz Republike Slovenije in Republike Hrvaške v Dnevniku TV Maribor National Television TV SLOVENIA, 3 October 2007, report on the Conference for local communities, administration units and regional development agencies from the Republic of Slovenia and the Republic of Croatia in the evening news broadcast Dnevnik TV Maribor Lokalna radijska postaja ROGLA, 3. oktober 2007, poročilo iz Posvetovanja za lokalne skupnosti, upravne enote in regionalne razvojne agencije iz Republike Slovenije in Republike Hrvaške v poročilih Local radio station ROGLA, 3 October 2007; report on the Conference for local communities, administration units and regional development agencies from the Republic of Slovenia and the Republic of Croatia in hour news 44
POSEBNA ZAHVALA NAŠEMU GLAVNEMU SPONZORJU: SPECIAL ACKOWLEDGMENT GOES TO THE MAIN SPONSOR: Evropska komisija Generalni direktorat za pravičnost, svobodo in varnost European Commission Directorate- General for Justice, Freedom and Security 45
Zahvaljujemo se tudi drugim sponzorjem: Smaller contributions were secured by: Javna agencija za raziskovalno dejavnost Republike Slovenije, Ljubljana, Slovenija Slovenian Research Agency, Ljubljana, Slovenia Urad Vlade RS za Komuniciranje Government Communication Office Kongresno turistična agencija, Bled, Slovenija Professional Congress Organiser, Bled, Slovenia PSD prevajalske storitve, Ljubljana. Slovenija PSD Translation Services, Ljubljana, Slovenia 46