An Inter-Governmental Organization Promoting South-South Cooperation ICPD PoA: Progress, gaps, challenges, emerging issues/recurrent themes Background 1994 World population: 5.6 Billion PPD inception: SSC for RH, Population development 1
Background 1994 ICPD Broader mandate Population, sustained economic growth & sustained development: Central themes for the ICPD. Placed individual at the center: respect of choice, rights and empowerment Key objectives and goals: Sustained economic growth in the context of sustainable development Gender equity and equality Infant, child & maternal mortality reduction Provision of universal access to RH services (FP, SH inclusive) Right to education (girls) 3 ICPD PoA Principles Careful balance between recognition of human rights and the right to development of nations. In agreement with international language from relevant international declarations, conventions, and covenants. Increasing social economic and political equality: comprehensive definition of SRHR reinforcing women's & girls human rights. Basis for individual well being, lower population growth, sustained economic growth and development. 4 2
2014 World population: 7.26 billion (Worldometers) World population growth rate: 1.14% per year (80 million/year) PPD MC s: 26 Progress # of people living in extreme poverty in developing countries: 47% in 1990 to 22% in 2010 (1.2 billion people still left behind in extreme poverty, 30% in poverty) Women's empowerment and gender equality» 97% of countries worldwide had programs, policies or strategies to address gender equality» 76% of responding countries were committed to improving the situation of rural women, and 80%, the welfare of the girl child (health, nutrition & education) 6 3
Health (1990-2010) Progress Maternal Mortality: 47% ( 50% reduction) PPD MCs (South Africa & Zimbabwe noted increase in MMRs, (1995-2010) Global neonatal deaths: 44% of under five mortality, 38% in S/S/Africa in 2012 Global under five mortality: 90: 1,000 to 44 : 1,000 S/S/Africa: 98%: 1000 and S/Asia 58: 1000 in 2012 Global Fertility Rate: 23% Contraceptive prevalence, women 15 49: 58.4% to 63.6%, in 2012 7 SRHR (1990-2010) Gaps and challenges 1990: SRH represented 14.4% of the global disease burden (14% of all disability adjusted life years lost) 2010: SRH burden virtually unchanged Burden increased substantially in Africa (HIV/AIDS pandemic since 1990) SRH burden remains high in Africa and S/Asia ( larger than it was in 1990) Worldwide: Violence against women and girls remains the most frequent human rights abuse 4
Gaps and challenges PPD MC s Gender Inequality Index 2011 (RH, empowerment and labor market)» China 0.2, Vietnam 0.3, Jordan 0.45, Tunisia 0.29, S/Africa 0.48 Worldwide in 2010» 12% adolescents married by age 15 in Low & MICs» Gender gap in labor force participation: only narrowed slightly» Gender pay gap: closing slowly (women paid less for equal work than men, hold less secure jobs, more in vulnerable jobs)» 1 in 3 women worldwide report GBV & 123 million females FGC (human rights violation)» Child, early and forced marriages common (> rural, uneducated, poor quartile) 9 Emerging issues & recurrent themes SRHR (WHO position paper) 1. Large inequalities and inequities between and within countries S/S/Africa and S/Asia: least accessible and fragile health systems health work density coverage of critical services commodity stock out quality assurance Health information systems Pockets of weak/poor health system coverage Poor, older persons, rural & urban slum residents, uninsured, undocumented persons, ethnic minorities, sex workers etc 5
SRHR s continued 2. Quality of care Accessibility to health advances and vaccines Reach, comprehensiveness & quality of health systems Identification & elimination of economic/social, systemic and service related barriers Health networks and referrals Quality of care needs to be integral to increasing service coverage 3. Ensuring monitoring and accountability Clarity about stakeholder responsibility for action Accurate measurements Independent verification, impartial transparent & participatory review Clear/actionable recommendations for future action Need statistics/data: sexual coercion & violence, FGC, early/forced marriages, unsafe abortion Emerging issues & recurrent themes Population dynamics 1. Changing age structure of populations Youth bulge (youth DD) Aging population (second DD) Need for targeted social investments: protective policies, health, employment, education, labor market employable/competitive skills, participation 2. Place and mobility International migration Internal migration and urbanization Internally displaced person and refugees Need for protection of rights of migrants & IDP & refugees (trafficking, crime, violence, health, education, socialization) Building of sustainable cities and rural urban linkages (safe housing, amenities, transport etc) 6
Emerging issues & recurrent themes Governance and accountability 1. Cooperation and partnerships South South, triangular, regional, sub-regional Bilateral and multi-lateral (UN) Multi-sectoral partnerships and financing Public and non-state actors (private, CSO, academia, research institutions) T/A, institutional strengthening, training, sharing of best practices, law enforcement, coordination in implementation of plans, building HR capacity & pooling of resources. 2. Participation Civil society in the implementation of the ICPD 2014 PoA Participatory governance (women and young people ) Emerging issues & recurrent themes Knowledge and accountability systems Civil registration Vital statistics Regular population census Need to strengthen capacity and systems for data collection, use & dissemination across multiple sectors that affect development. Sustainability Population dynamics, environmental sustainability & climate change Need for integration of policies and programs for environmental preservation, climate change, adaptation and disaster risk reduction and mitigation. 7
Thank you for listening! 8