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Tab 1 Table 1. The grouping of the countries into regions The Nordic Central Western The Islands Southern region countries region Denmark Austria Great Britain France Finland Belgium Ireland Greece Iceland Germany Italy Norway Luxembourg Spain Sweden Netherlands Portugal Switzerland

Tab 4 Table 4 Comparison of correlations between party choice and social class according to the two class schemas A. Cramer's V Ranking of countries EGP classes Oesch classes Diff EGP classes Oesch classes Denmark 0,179 0,167-0,012 Finland 0,222 Sweden 0,208 Finland 0,222 0,207-0,015 Sweden 0,202 Finland 0,207 Iceland 0,135 0,173 0,038 Norway 0,195 Ireland 0,184 Norway 0,195 0,174-0,021 Belgium 0,189 Norway 0,174 Sweden 0,202 0,208 0,006 Portugal 0,184 Iceland 0,173 Denmark 0,179 Netherl. 0,172 Austria 0,156 0,153-0,003 Netherl. 0,168 Belgium 0,170 Belgium 0,189 0,170-0,019 Ireland 0,157 Denmark 0,167 Germany 0,117 0,128 0,011 Austria 0,156 Portugal 0,165 Luxemb. 0,137 0,172 0,035 France 0,155 France 0,159 Netherl. 0,168 0,158-0,010 Switzerl. 0,143 Italy 0,159 Switzerl. 0,143 0,144 0,001 Italy 0,141 Switzerl. 0,158 Luxemb. 0,137 Austria 0,153 Ireland 0,157 0,184 0,027 Iceland 0,135 Germany 0,144 Britain 0,129 0,137 0,008 Britain 0,129 Britain 0,137 Spain 0,123 Luxemb. 0,128 France 0,155 0,159 0,004 Greece 0,118 Greece 0,125 Greece 0,118 0,125 0,007 Germany 0,117 Spain 0,125 Italy 0,141 0,159 0,018 Portugal 0,184 0,165-0,019 Means Means Spain 0,123 0,125 0,002 Nordic 0,187 Nordic 0,186 Central west 0,152 Islands 0,161 Means South 0,144 Central west 0,154 Nordic 0,187 0,186 0,001 Islands 0,143 South 0,147 Central west 0,152 0,154-0,002 Islands 0,143 0,161-0,018 All 0,158 All 0,162 South 0,144 0,147-0,002 All 0,158 0,162-0,003

Tab 4 B Squared root of Nag R2 (SNR) EGP Oesch Diff EGP classes Oesch classes classes classes Denmark 0,392 0,434 0,041 Finland 0,482 Finland 0,522 Finland 0,482 0,522 0,041 Sweden 0,442 Sweden 0,511 Iceland 0,305 0,377 0,072 Norway 0,410 Belgium 0,444 Norway 0,410 0,443 0,033 Belgium 0,410 Norway 0,443 Sweden 0,442 0,511 0,069 Denmark 0,392 Denmark 0,434 Netherl. 0,392 Netherl. 0,434 Austria 0,358 0,405 0,047 Portugal 0,374 Ireland 0,428 Belgium 0,410 0,444 0,034 Ireland 0,359 France 0,422 Germany 0,263 0,341 0,078 Austria 0,358 Italy 0,411 Luxemb. 0,307 0,356 0,050 Switzerl. 0,344 Austria 0,405 Netherl. 0,392 0,434 0,041 Italy 0,329 Switzerl. 0,381 Switzerl. 0,344 0,381 0,037 France 0,327 Portugal 0,379 Luxemb. 0,307 Iceland 0,377 Ireland 0,359 0,428 0,069 Iceland 0,305 Luxemb. 0,356 Britain 0,290 0,303 0,013 Spain 0,293 Spain 0,342 Britain 0,290 Germany 0,341 France 0,327 0,422 0,095 Germany 0,263 Britain 0,303 Greece 0,263 0,272 0,009 Greece 0,263 Greece 0,272 Italy 0,329 0,411 0,082 Portugal 0,374 0,379 0,005 Means Means Spain 0,293 0,342 0,049 Nordic 0,406 Nordic 0,457 Central w 0,345 Central w 0,393 Means Islands 0,324 Islands 0,366 Nordic 0,406 0,457 0,051 South 0,317 South 0,365 Central w 0,345 0,393 0,048 Islands 0,324 0,366 0,041 All 0,352 All 0,400 South 0,317 0,365 0,048 All 0,352 0,400 0,048

Tab 5 Table 5. Mean support for various party families in different social classes based on the EGP classes Social Democratic Parties Hi serv. Lo serv. Routine Petite Skilled Unskilled Total Number Kappa nman. bourg. workers workers of parties Nordic 21,1 22,0 28,6 10,3 35,7 33,4 25,1 5 0,52 Islands 12,2 17,7 23,1 13,9 18,9 25,3 18,8 2 0,32 Central West 18,7 19,4 23,8 15,9 29,1 33,3 23,6 6 0,34 South 26,5 33,3 37,2 28,2 37,0 38,5 35,8 5 0,21 Total Mean 20,8 23,8 28,8 17,5 32,0 33,9 26,9 18 0,32 Liberal Parties Hi serv. Lo serv. Routine Petite Skilled Unskilled Total Number Kappa nman. bourg. workers workers of parties Nordic 12,1 9,5 6,1 2,3 3,7 2,1 7,1 3 0,70 Islands 22,4 15,1 12,9 5,1 16,3 11,9 14,9 1 0,52 Central West 19,7 14,4 12,7 20,1 11,3 9,3 14,1 6 0,33 South 20,3 20,1 23,8 23,8 19,3 23,1 22,8 2 0,11 Total Mean 18,1 14,2 12,9 15,0 11,2 10,0 13,9 12 0,22 Total mean minus Portugal 17,5 13,5 11,3 13,9 9,8 7,3 12,3 11 0,32 Conservative Parties Hi serv. Lo serv. Routine Petite Skilled Unskilled Total Number Kappa nman. bourg. workers workers of parties Nordic 34,2 25,4 17,5 27,6 13,1 11,1 22,5 5 0,51 Islands 46,7 37,2 38,1 36,0 38,2 33,1 38,7 2 0,17 Central West South 31,0 19,3 18,9 31,5 21,5 19,0 22,1 5 0,30 Total Mean 35,0 24,8 21,5 30,6 20,8 18,0 25,1 12 0,31

Tab 5 Christian Democratic Parties Hi serv. Lo serv. Routine Petite Skilled Unskilled Total Number Kappa nman. bourg. workers workers of parties Nordic 3,8 4,7 5,8 1,2 1,3 3,1 4,1 3 0,64 Islands 24,1 26,6 25,0 31,9 21,6 13,6 22,7 1 0,33 Central West 26,2 24,0 24,2 34,6 20,2 25,0 24,8 6 0,22 South 13,0 10,7 11,7 8,3 8,5 6,8 9,9 1 0,25 Total Mean 18,7 17,8 18,1 22,8 14,1 16,3 17,6 11 0,18 Green Parties Hi serv. Lo serv. Routine Petite Skilled Unskilled Total Number Kappa nman. bourg. workers workers of parties Nordic 12,3 16,3 15,3 4,9 3,4 11,3 12,9 2 0,65 Islands 5,2 10,2 8,2 5,1 3,4 6,0 6,9 2 0,38 Central West 13,4 17,3 13,9 7,1 8,0 6,4 12,3 6 0,42 South 5,7 7,8 7,1 2,3 5,8 5,8 6,2 2 0,41 Total Mean 10,6 14,4 12,0 5,6 6,1 7,1 10,5 12 0,39 Left socialist parties Hi serv. Lo serv. Routine Petite Skilled Unskilled Total Number Kappa nman. bourg. workers workers of parties Nordic 8,6 13,5 15,8 6,9 10,0 13,4 12,2 5 0,32 Islands 3,4 4,6 9,5 4,3 17,6 17,4 10,4 1 0,73 Central West 8,0 8,8 8,6 2,4 9,1 9,9 8,3 3 0,52 South 10,4 11,8 6,8 4,0 7,7 5,4 7,0 5 0,39 Total Mean 8,8 11,2 10,6 4,7 9,5 10,1 9,4 14 0,31 Total mean minus Ireland 9,2 11,7 10,7 4,8 8,9 9,5 9,3 13 0.31

Tab 5 Radical Right Parties Hi serv. Lo serv. Routine Petite Skilled Unskilled Total Number Kappa nman. bourg. workers workers of parties Nordic 9,1 9,6 13,2 21,1 25,3 21,0 14,1 3 0,48 Islands Central West 6,4 8,3 10,3 12,2 16,2 11,5 9,9 6 0,33 South 2,6 2,6 2,0 4,4 3,8 5,4 3,3 3 0,35 Total Mean 6,1 7,2 9,0 12,5 15,4 12,4 9,3 12 0,36 Abbreviations Hi serv. = Higher-level service class Lo serv. = Lower-level service class Routine n-man. = Routine non-manual workers Petite bourg. = Petite bourgeisie

Tab 6 Table 6 Mean support for various party families in different social classes based on the Oesch classes Social Democratic parties Prod. work. - Lo skilled - Technical Managers Soc. cult. Pet. bourg. Prod. work. Off. work. Serv. work. Total Kappa managers prof. Nordic 26,6 20,8 21,9 11,8 33,2 23,3 34,3 25,1 0,42 12,4 7,1 Islands 11,2 14,2 23,7 11,9 21,6 20,3 24,1 18,8 0,37 7,3 5,6 Central West 20,1 18,3 21,0 13,6 31,2 21,3 29,4 23,5 0,33 12,9 7,5 South 32,3 35,0 33,1 27,5 37,3 39,2 37,7 35,8 0,17 2,3 4,6 Total Mean 24,3 23,2 24,9 16,8 32,4 26,7 32,5 26,8 0,28 9,2 6,4 Liberal parties Managers - Prof. - Technical Managers Soc. cult. Pet. bourg. Prod. work. Off. work. Serv. work. Total Kappa prod. work. lo skilled Nordic 8,6 10,4 12,5 3,1 2,3 6,4 4,3 7,1 0,63 8,1 6,2 Islands 11,5 16,3 26,4 5,0 13,2 12,1 12,0 14,9 0,53 3,1 5,6 Central West 15,7 19,1 11,4 21,0 9,4 14,1 10,9 14,1 0,32 9,7 4,0 South 25,0 10,0 25,6 24,9 21,5 20,1 21,6 22,9 0,36-11,5-0,9 Total Mean 15,1 15,2 15,3 15,8 10,0 13,0 11,1 13,9 0,19 5,2 3,8 Total mean minus Portugal 12,9 16,6 14,0 14,4 7,7 11,7 9,1 12,3 0,28 8,8 5,0 Conservative parties Managers - Prof. - Technical Managers Soc. cult. Pet. bourg. Prod. work. Off. work. Serv. work. Total Kappa prod. work. lo skilled Nordic 26,7 36,8 19,0 26,8 11,4 24,2 13,6 22,5 0,49 25,4 11,1 Islands 43,5 42,6 27,7 36,2 33,3 41,1 39,5 38,4 0,23 9,2 1,4 South 16,3 27,7 18,1 31,5 17,9 20,8 19,1 22,0 0,30 9,8 0,0 Total Mean 25,2 34,0 20,1 30,3 17,8 25,6 20,2 24,9 0,29 16,2 5,2

Tab 6 Christian Democratic parties Managers - Prof. - Technical Managers Soc. cult. Pet. bourg. Prod. work. Off. work. Serv. work. Total Kappa prod. work. lo skilled Nordic 5,4 3,7 7,2 1,7 1,8 4,2 3,7 4,1 0,52 1,9 2,2 Islands 21,6 32,9 25,5 33,3 19,0 29,5 16,9 23,4 0,33 13,8 4,8 Central West 21,3 25,3 27,1 33,8 23,5 25,2 22,8 24,8 0,19 1,8 0,8 South 13,2 8,0 7,6 9,3 6,6 14,9 11,6 9,8 0,31 1,4-1,4 Total Mean 16,3 18,5 19,8 22,8 15,6 18,9 16,0 17,7 0,16 2,9 1,3 Green parties Soc. cult. - Technical Managers Soc. cult. Pet. bourg. Prod. work. Off. work. Serv. work. Total Kappa prod. work. Nordic 14,6 6,8 21,4 7,0 6,7 17,6 13,3 12,9 0,52 14,7 Islands 9,3 6,3 10,6 5,6 4,9 8,5 6,6 6,9 0,28 5,7 Central West 20,8 11,9 20,9 8,6 6,8 14,4 10,1 12,5 0,46 14,1 South 12,1 4,3 8,0 1,5 6,3 6,1 5,2 6,2 0,62 1,7 Total Mean 16,4 8,8 17,1 6,6 6,4 12,6 9,2 10,6 0,42 10,7 Left Socialist parties Soc. cult. - Technical Managers Soc. cult. Pet. bourg. Prod. work. Off. work. Serv. work. Total Kappa prod. work. Nordic 7,0 8,3 20,8 8,7 10,9 10,3 13,4 12,3 0,38 9,9 Islands 8,1 2,6 3,6 4,4 19,0 6,6 13,1 10,3 0,71-15,4 Central West 6,9 9,1 10,2 3,3 9,7 7,2 8,8 8,4 0,38 0,6 South 7,9 8,7 13,4 4,5 8,2 8,4 5,5 7,0 0,35 5,2 Total Mean 7,4 8,2 14,7 5,7 10,2 8,7 9,6 9,4 0,30 4,4 Total mean minus Ireland 7,3 8,6 15,5 5,8 9,6 8,9 9,3 9,4 0,31 5,9

Tab 6 Radical Right parties Prod. work. - Technical Managers Soc. cult. Pet. bourg. Prod. Work. Off. work. Serv. work. Total Kappa soc. cult. Nordic 12,7 10,2 5,1 20,3 26,9 15,3 14,7 14,0 0,56 21,8 Islands Central West 6,8 9,1 2,8 12,3 14,0 10,2 13,4 10,0 0,56 11,2 South 2,6 2,9 2,1 3,9 3,7 0,6 5,8 3,3 0,68 1,5 Total Mean 7,2 7,8 3,2 12,2 14,6 9,1 11,8 9,3 0,50 11,4 Abbreviations Technical = Technical professions Soc. cult. = socio-cultural professions Pet. bourg. = Petite bourgeoisie Prod. work. = Production workers Off. work. = Office workers Serv. work. = Service workers Prof. = Professional classes Lo skilled = Lower-skilled classes

Tab 7 Table 7 Regional kappa values from EGP and Oesch Old Politics Parties Social Democratic parties Conservative parties Liberal Parties EGP Oesch Diff. EGP Oesch Diff. EGP Oesch Diff. Nordic 0,52 0,42 0,10 0,51 0,49 0,03 0,70 0,63 0,07 Islands 0,32 0,37-0,05 0,17 0,23-0,06 0,52 0,53-0,01 Central West 0,34 0,33 0,01 0,33 0,32 0,00 South 0,21 0,17 0,04 0,30 0,30 0,00 0,11 0,36-0,25 Total 0,32 0,28 0,04 0,31 0,30 0,01 0,22 0,19 0,03 Total minus Portugal 0,32 0,28 0,04 New Politics Parties Left Socialist parties Green parties Radical Right parties EGP Oesch Diff. EGP Oesch Diff. EGP Oesch Diff. Nordic 0,32 0,38-0,06 0,65 0,52 0,13 0,48 0,56-0,09 Islands 0,73 0,71 0,02 0,38 0,28 0,10 Central West 0,52 0,38 0,13 0,42 0,46-0,04 0,33 0,56-0,23 South 0,39 0,35 0,04 0,41 0,62-0,22 0,35 0,68-0,33 Total 0,31 0,30 0,01 0,39 0,42-0,03 0,36 0,50-0,14 Total minus Ireland 0,31 0,31 0,00

App tab 1 Appendix Table 1. EGP classes. Distribution according to countries and regional means Nordic countries Denmark Finland Iceland Norway Sweden Mean Hi serv. 18,6 22,4 17,6 19,5 14,4 18,5 Lo serv. 26,6 24,6 29,4 25,6 30,9 27,4 Rout nman. 21,6 27,5 16,6 26,0 25,7 23,5 Petit bourg. 6,1 6,8 11,7 7,5 5,7 7,5 Skilled work. 10,7 7,5 10,0 8,3 9,6 9,2 Unskilled work. 16,4 11,2 14,6 13,1 13,8 13,8 Sum 100,0 100,0 100,0 100,0 100,0 100,0 N 1388 1054 710 1056 1076 Central west Austria Belgium Germany Lux Netherl. Switzerl. Mean Hi serv. 11,9 14,6 9,3 15,9 21,0 16,3 14,9 Lo serv. 19,5 27,7 18,7 25,8 29,9 28,4 25,0 Rout nman. 28,2 15,6 26,8 21,0 22,8 25,0 23,2 Petit bourg. 9,5 7,3 4,7 5,6 7,1 4,7 6,5 Skilled work. 13,6 13,6 21,0 11,7 8,0 13,9 13,6 Unskilled work. 17,3 21,3 19,4 19,9 11,1 11,7 16,8 Sum 100,0 100,0 100,0 100,0 100,0 100,0 100,0 N 1359 1335 1767 1455 1446 1200 Islands Ireland Britain Mean Hi serv. 9,7 18,9 14,3 Lo serv. 17,4 25,1 21,2 Rout nman. 27,9 21,1 24,5 Petit bourg. 7,4 7,5 7,5 Skilled work. 14,0 9,5 11,7 Unskilled work. 23,5 18,0 20,8 Sum 100,0 100,0 100,0 N 821 1437 Southen Europe France Greece Italy Portugal Spain Mean Hi serv. 14,4 10,4 11,1 6,1 6,6 9,7 Lo serv. 25,8 13,8 21,4 15,7 12,2 17,8 Rout nman. 21,1 17,2 19,6 25,9 24,1 21,6 Petit bourg. 6,0 29,9 17,1 5,8 9,9 13,7 Skilled work. 13,9 10,6 13,1 18,3 15,7 14,3 Unskilled work. 18,9 18,2 17,8 28,2 31,5 22,9 Sum 100,0 100,0 100,0 100,0 100,0 100,0 N 1413 1168 1194 1335 1252

App tab 1 Comparison of regions based on means Nordic Central Islands South Mean all west Hi serv. 18,5 14,9 14,3 9,7 14,4 Lo serv. 27,4 25,0 21,2 17,8 23,3 Rout nman. 23,5 23,2 24,5 21,6 23,0 Petit bourg. 7,5 6,5 7,5 13,7 8,9 Skilled work. 9,2 13,6 11,7 14,3 12,4 Unskilled work. 13,8 16,8 20,8 22,9 18,1 Sum 100,0 100,0 100,0 100,0 100,0 Serv class 45,9 39,9 35,5 27,5 37,6 Rout nman. 23,5 24,5 25,5 26,5 28,5 Petit bourg. 7,5 6,5 7,5 13,7 8,9 Workers 23,0 30,4 32,5 37,2 30,5 Sum 100,0 101,3 101,0 104,9 105,5

App tab 2 Appendix Table 2 Oesch eight class variable. Distributions according to countries and regional means Nordic countries Size Denmark Finland Iceland Norway Sweden Mean "logic" Bourg 2,4 1,2 3,6 1,9 3,2 2,5 Petite bourg 6,6 7,6 13,2 9,2 6,4 8,6 11,1 Tech prof 8,4 11,3 5,3 7,9 9,1 8,4 Prod work 17,9 12,7 13,7 12,4 17,4 14,8 23,2 Managers 17,8 16,5 21,0 16,8 16,8 17,8 Office clerks 9,6 13,3 5,5 9,4 9,1 9,4 27,1 Soc cult prof 19,0 19,8 20,2 18,5 17,5 19,0 Serv work 18,3 17,6 17,5 24,1 20,6 19,6 38,6 Sum 100,0 100,0 100,0 100,0 100,0 100 N 1388 1058 714 1056 1079 Central west Austria Belgium Germany Lux Netherl. Switzerl. Mean Bourg 2,5 1,7 1,4 2,0 3,7 1,6 2,2 Petite bourg 10,1 8,2 5,1 6,1 8,2 5,2 7,2 9,3 Tech prof 4,1 7,3 5,0 7,2 6,3 9,0 6,5 Prod work 18,7 22,5 29,7 20,6 12,0 16,4 20,0 26,5 Managers 13,7 17,0 10,5 19,0 21,1 17,9 16,5 Office clerks 19,5 10,7 16,9 13,1 11,7 12,8 14,1 30,7 Soc cult prof 8,8 15,1 10,1 12,5 15,9 14,9 12,9 Serv work 22,6 17,2 21,3 19,5 21,1 22,1 20,6 33,5 Sum 100,0 100,0 100,0 100,0 100,0 100,0 100,0 N 1309 1322 1711 1454 1444 1171 Islands Ireland Britain Mean Bourg 1,1 3,1 2,1 Petite bourg 7,3 7,8 7,6 9,7 Tech prof 5,6 6,0 5,8 Prod work 23,3 16,7 20,0 25,8 Managers 12,9 20,1 16,5 Office clerks 10,8 9,1 9,9 26,4 Soc cult prof 9,1 14,0 11,6 Serv work 29,8 23,3 26,6 38,1 Sum 100,0 100,0 100 N 821 1436 South France Greece Italy Portugal Spain Mean Bourg 1,1 4,0 3,9 0,3 1,8 2,2 Petite bourg 6,1 30,4 17,8 6,2 10,1 14,1 16,4 Tech prof 9,6 2,7 4,4 6,7 3,2 5,3 Prod work 21,2 18,4 23,3 31,5 31,2 25,1 30,5 Managers 16,2 8,8 12,3 6,5 5,8 9,9 Office clerks 10,6 8,9 13,6 11,5 10,8 11,1 21,0 Soc cult prof 14,3 8,5 11,3 5,6 7,2 9,4 Serv work 20,7 18,4 13,4 31,7 30,0 22,8 32,2 Sum 100,0 100,0 100,0 100,0 100,0 100 N 1404 1169 1197 1332 1252

App tab 2 Comparison of regions based on means Nordic Central Islands South Mean all west Bourg 2,5 2,2 2,1 2,2 2,3 Petite bourg 8,6 7,2 7,6 14,1 9,5 11,8 Tech prof 8,4 6,5 5,8 5,3 6,6 Prod work 14,8 20,0 20,0 25,1 20,0 26,6 Managers 17,8 16,5 16,5 9,9 15,0 Office clerks 9,4 14,1 9,9 11,1 11,5 26,5 Soc cult prof 19,0 12,9 11,6 9,4 13,5 Serv work 19,6 20,6 26,6 22,8 21,6 35,1 Sum 100,0 100,0 100,0 100,0 100,0 "Size logics" sums of the percentages for the two classes that belong to the same logic in Oesch class schema, see Table 3. The first sum is based in the independent work logic and sums up percentages that belong to the bourgeoisie and petit bourgeoisie, and so on.