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Index Adams, John Quincy, 73 APD (American Political Development), 1, 6, 8 11, 13, 16n21 historical institutionalism, 114 17 institutional change and power in, 45 8, 80 political development, 53 4 study of political institutions and, 42 5 Arthur, Chester, 69 Articles of Confederation, 6, 25 Baker v. Carr (1962), 105 Bensel, Richard, 56n23 Brownlow Committee, 63, 94 Brown v. Board of Education (1954), 105 Bryce, James, 68, 70, 76 Bush, George H. W., 109 Bush, George W., 54, 109 Bush v. Gore (2000), 109 Carey, George W., 14n4 Carpenter, Daniel, 11, 17n32 Chase, Samuel, 79 checks and balances, 114 American politics, 65 Constitution, 30 Federalist no. 51, 19 24, 27 institutional power, 3 5, 8, 19 Civil Rights Act of 1964, 105 Civil War, US, 65, 73, 82 3, 92 Clay, Henry, 70, 83 committee system, Congress, 5, 12, 50, 54, 60, 62 3, 66 9, 70, 96, 100 Congress adaptation crisis, 11 12, 96 committee system, 5, 12, 50, 54, 60, 62 3, 66 9, 70, 96, 100 constituency, 30, 95 8, 101 House of Representatives, 4, 10, 19, 25 8, 32 3, 44, 50, 66 9, 76, 79, 83, 97, 100 102, 105, 115 legislative veto, 62 3 organization, 27 8, 65 9, 96 103 new politics or personal, 95 103 powers, 26, 65 9, 96 Senate, 4, 19, 25 8, 32 3, 44, 50, 52, 60 1, 64, 66 9, 72, 76, 79, 83, 96 7, 100 102, 109, 115 Speaker of the House, 60, 66 staff, 61, 64, 74 5, 100 102 constituency, 3 5, 8, 10 13 Congress, 30, 95 8, 101 Congress power, 69 constitutional architecture, 32 3 DOI: 10.1057/9781137499608.0011 129

130 Index constituency continued democratizing the presidency, 75 7 developmental, 64 5 developmental change, 59 61, 89 90 federalism, 33 4 The Federalist, 29 32 institutional power, 14n5, 20 4, 35 7, 41, 48 50, 53 4, 114 17 judiciary, 31 2, 81 2, 108 9 original, 36 presidency, 31, 69 70, 75 7, 90, 92, 94 5 Constitution, US, 2, 6 8, 11, 13, 24, 114, 118 amendments, 5, 62, 63 architecture, powers, organization and constituency, 32 3 Article I, 26, 60, 62, 70, 79, 95 Article II, 26 Article III, 78 checks and balances, 30 Congress, 32 Fourteenth (14 th ) amendment, 98, 104 House, 66 institutions and power, 41, 43 4, 50 1, 59 judiciary, 31, 77 9 philosophy, 72 3 powers and organization, 34, 35 8 presidency, 63 Senate, 64 Seventeenth (17 th ) amendment, 50, 64 Supreme Court, 103, 108 9 Twenty-second (22 nd ) amendment, 63, 91 Constitutional Convention, 2, 6, 9, 14n8, 115 constitutionalism, American, 4, 82, 91 constructivist institutionalism, 43 Coolidge, Calvin, 69, 72, 77, 91, 92 Courts, see judiciary Dahl, Robert, 21 2 Darwin, Charles, 9, 35, 36 Democratic convention, 76 Democratic Party, 75 Democratic-Republicans, 81 Democrats, 75, 97, 99 Diamond, Martin, 7, 8, 14n8 discursive institutionalism, 43 Dred Scott v. Sanford (1857), 52, 79, 81 2 Eisenhower, Dwight, 11, 92 4 Emancipation Proclamation, 63 Epstein, David, 23, 39n18 executive, see presidency/president Executive agreements, 62 Fair Deal, 92, 93 federalism, 33 5, 82 3 Federalist no. 10, 6, 8, 13, 16n25, 21 2 constitutional architecture, 32 4 organization, 27 8 Federalist no. 11 46, 25 Federalist no. 17, 34 Federalist no. 47, 13n2 Federalist no. 47 51, 22 4, 25, 39n13 Federalist no. 48, 13n2 Federalist no. 51, 4, 6, 8 9, 13, 19 24, 27 8, 34, 51, 66 Federalist no. 52 83, 24 Federalist no. 62 63, 27 Federalist no. 64 66, 25 Federalist no. 68, 27 Federalist no. 70, 21, 27, 73 Federalist no. 71, 27 Federalist no. 72, 27 Federalist no. 78, 21, 25, 27, 29, 108 Federalist, The (Hamilton, Madison and Jay) APD (American Political Development), 8 12 constituency, 29 32 federalism, 33 5 institutional matrix, 4 organization, 27 9 political theory, 6 8 powers, 25 7 scholarship, 8 theory of institutional power, 2 6 DOI: 10.1057/9781137499608.0011

Index 131 Ferejohn, John, 22 Fillmore, Millard, 69, 72 foreign policy,presidential power, 52, 70 3, 93 5 Fourteenth (14 th ) Amendment, 98, 104 Ginsberg, Benjamin, 14n5 Grant, Ulysses S., 72, 76, 82, 92 Great Depression, 48, 54, 77, 90, 104 Great Society, 98, 99 Hamilton, Alexander, 3, 7, 14n8, 26, 29, 31, 33, 35 6, 74 5, 94, 108 Harding, Warren G., 72, 77 Harlan, John Marshall, II, 108 9 Harrison, Benjamin, 69, 82 Harrison, William Henry, 69, 76 historical institutionalism, 8 9, 43, 45, 46, 47, 114, 117 Hoover, Herbert, 54, 74 House of Representatives, 4, 10, 19, 25 8, 32 3, 44, 50, 66 9, 76, 79, 83, 97, 100 102, 105, 115 Huntington, Samuel, 11 12, 17n35, 41, 96, 98, 116 institutional change, 9, 41 2, 114 APD (American Political Development), 45 8 connecting sources of, to institutional power, 48 54 externally stimulated, 48 9 internally generated, 49 50 stability and change, 9, 41 2, 114 systemically stimulated, 51 4 institutional theory, 6, 8, 9, 12 13, 22, 41 2, 44 5, 48 conversion, 46, 47 drift, 46, 47 intercurrence, 46, 47 institutionalism, 8, 42, 44, 45, 47, 114 layering, 46, 47 multiple orders, 46, 47 Jackson, Andrew, 64, 65, 69, 70, 73, 75 6, 89, 96 Jay, John, 86n30 Jay Treaty, 52 Jefferson, Thomas, 70, 71, 72, 74 Jeffersonian-Republicans, 78, 79 Johnson, Lyndon Baines (LBJ), 98, 99 judiciary circuit riding, 64, 80 constituency, 31 2, 81 2, 107 9 constitutional authority, 77 9 Court s activism, 103 4, 107, 109, 110 due process, 103 5 equal protection, 103 5 judicial review, 11, 20, 24, 27, 29, 31, 50, 52, 60, 65, 77 9, 103 judicial sovereignty, 60, 62, 77, 108 organization, 29, 79 81, 108 organizational evolution, 84n3 permanency in office, 29 powers, 25, 26 7, 77 9, 103 7 staff, 64, 80, 84n3 Supreme Court, 103 9 Judiciary Act of 1789, 78, 80 Judiciary Act of 1925, 64 Kennedy, John F., 93, 94, 97 Korean War, 92, 112n25 Kristol, William, 22, 24 liberal-republican theory, 7, 12 13 Lincoln, Abraham, 63, 69, 70, 73, 74, 82, 89 Louisiana Purchase, 71 Lowi, Theodore, 10, 70, 71, 89, 94 Madison, James, 2, 3, 7, 14n8, 33, 35 6, 39n11, 64, 71, 72 Marbury v. Madison (1803), 78 9, 82 March, James, 43 Marshall, John (Chief Justice), 63, 79, 81 3, 87n40, 108 Marshall Plan, 92, 94 Milkis, Sidney, 10 Miller, William Lee, 23 Monroe Doctrine, 71 DOI: 10.1057/9781137499608.0011

132 Index Nardulli, Peter F., 11, 17n33, 56n24, 118, 119n8 national security, 25, 71, 93 Nelson, Michael, 72 Neustadt, Richard, 2, 11, 115, 116, 117 New Deal, 5, 46, 90, 93, 99, 103 4 Newton, Isaac, 9, 35, 36 Nixon, Richard, 98, 109 Olson, Johan, 43 organization congressional, 27 8, 65 9, 96 103 constitutional architecture, 32 3 developmental, 59 61, 63 4 The Federalist, 27 9 institutional power, 41, 48 50, 53 4, 114 17 judiciary, 29, 79 81, 108 presidency, 27 8, 73 5, 91 5 Orren, Karen, 8, 53 path dependence, 47, 48 personal Congress, 89, 95 103 personal court, 89, 104 Peterson, Mark, 65 Pickering, John, 86n32 Pierce, Franklin, 70, 72, 76 political development, 13, 46, 53 4, 83, 114, 118, see also APD (American Political Development) political entrepreneurs, 12, 42, 45, 47, 54 political parties, 51, 64, 65 9, 75 6, 83, 75 6 Polk, James K., 70, 76 Polsby, Nelson, 10, 63 power, institutional, 41, 48 50, 53 4, 114 17 APD (American Political Development), 45 8 checks and balances, 24 connecting sources of institutional change to, 48 54 definition of, 6 Federalist theory of, 2 5, 8, 10 13, 14n4, 19, 35 8, 46, 96, 114 15 judiciary, 29, 77 9, 81, 108 Madison s republican theory of, 23 origins and patterns of changes in, 49 powers, organization and constituency, 32 3, 117 presidency, 91 separation of powers, 24 stability and change, 41 2 strength, 44 5 powers congressional, 26, 65 9, 96 constitutional architecture, 32 3 developmental, 61 3 The Federalist, 25 7 judiciary, 25, 26 7, 77 9, 103 7 presidency, 26, 69 72, 90 1 Preface to Democratic Theory, A (Dahl), 21 presidency/president, 11, 54, 61, 66 7, 75, 115 16 constituency, 31, 69 70, 75 7, 90, 92, 94 5 democratizing the, 75 7 domestic and foreign policy, 70 2 length of term and re-eligibility, 31 organization, 27 8, 60 1, 63 4, 73 5, 91 5 personal, 89 95 power, 2 6, 10 11, 19, 21 2, 25 7, 30 3, 37, 50, 69 72, 112n25, 90 1, 110 selection/election of, 11, 31, 32, 60, 75, 83 staff, 60, 75, 90, 94 strengths and weaknesses, 33 unitary, 4, 20 1, 28, 33, 60, 63 4, 73, 83, 94 veto, 22, 24, 26, 28, 33, 72 3 Whig presidency, 72 3 Presidential Power (Neustadt), 2, 115 rational choice institutionalism, 8, 42 3, 116 Reagan, Ronald, 109 Rehnquist Court, 109 DOI: 10.1057/9781137499608.0011

Index 133 Republican Congress, 79, 86n32, 91, 92 Republicans, 81, 86n32, 92, 97, 99 Reynolds v. Sims (1964), 108 9 Roberts, John (Chief Justice), 105, 109 Rockman, Bert, 51 Roe v. Wade (1973), 109 Roosevelt, Franklin D., 10, 11, 13, 54, 61, 75, 89 94, 96, 104 Roosevelt, Teddy, 73, 76, 77, 89, 92 Rossiter, Clinton, 7, 14n8 Scott, Winfield, 76 second republic, 88, 89, 109 Senate, 4, 19, 25 8, 32 3, 44, 50, 52, 60 1, 64, 66 9, 72, 76, 79, 83, 96 7, 100 102 sixty-vote (supermajority), 50, 102, 109, 115 separation of powers, 117 American politics, 65 Constitution, 24, 36 doctrine of, 30 The Federalist, 25 7, 33 Federalist no. 51, 19 24, 27 institutional power, 3, 5 6, 8, 13, 19 presidency, 95 Seventeenth (17 th ) Amendment, 50, 64 Skowronek, Stephen, 8, 10, 53 sociological institutionalism, 43 Supreme Court, see judiciary Taney, Roger, 81 2, 108 Taylor, Zachary, 72, 76 Tocqueville, Alexis de, 16n22, 71 Truman, Harry, 11, 91 4 Tulis, Jeffrey, 10, 77 Twenty-second (22 nd ) Amendment, 63, 91 Two Treatises on Government (Locke), 7 Tyler, John, 73, 92 Vietnam War, 92, 98, 99 Voting Rights Act of 1965, 105, 112n28 War of 1812, 54, 66, 71 Warren Court, 103, 105, 106, 108 Washington, George, 52, 63, 72 4 Washington Community, The (Young), 10 Whig presidency, 72 3, 77, 83, 91 White House, 61, 67, 72, 92 Whittington, Keith, 62 Wills, Garry, 22 Wilson, Woodrow, 9, 35, 36, 68, 72, 77, 94 World War I, 94 World War II, 5, 46, 75, 77, 90, 104 Young, James S., 10, 83 DOI: 10.1057/9781137499608.0011