The Non-Aligned Movement (NAM) Database

The Non-Aligned Movement (NAM) Database Summary of the 6 th Heads of State Summit, Havana, Cuba (1979) General Views on Disarmament and NAM Involvement DISARMAMENT (Final Document, Political Declaration, Page 12) The Heads of State or Government considered the following to be the essential objectives of the [NAM].... Promotion of unity, solidarity and cooperation among non-aligned countries with a view to the achievement of the objectives of non-alignment ending the arms race, particularly the nuclear arms race, and the achievement of general and complete disarmament. (Final Document, Political Declaration, Para 226) [The Conference] appealed to the members of NAM to support this initiative and to spare no efforts in order to ensure the maximum possible success in the implementation of the programme within the framework of the Second Disarmament Decade. (Final Document, Political Declaration, Para 227) It has been increasingly necessary to strengthen the UN as an instrument of the international community in its efforts to end the arms race and to achieve general and complete disarmament and the dismantling of military pacts and alliances. Verification (Final Document, Political Declaration, Page 12) The Heads of State or Government considered the following to be the essential objectives of the [NAM].... Promotion of unity, solidarity and cooperation among non-aligned countries with a view to the achievement of the objectives of non-alignment ending the arms race, particularly the nuclear arms race, and the achievement of general and complete disarmament under effective international control. Nuclear Weapons States, Arms Race and Bilateral Disarmament (Final Document, Political Declaration, Para 25) The treaties that include the results of SALT II are an important step in the negotiations between the two main nuclear Powers and could open prospects for more comprehensive negotiations that should lead to general disarmament and a relaxation of international tensions. (Final Document, Political Declaration, Para 191) Consolidation of détente and security in Europe can only be lasting if it is extended to other regions, thus contributing to solving world problems such as: disarmament, eradication of colonialism, development of all countries, elimination of conflicts and hotbeds of crisis, and other factors to help military blocs and pacts. (Final Document, Political Declaration, Para 211) Peace and security cannot be achieved as long as the arms race continues and 1

DISARMAMENT military alliances are strengthened. (Final Document, Political Declaration, Para 211) [The Conference] reaffirmed the positions of the Fifth Conference of Heads of State or Government of Non-Aligned Countries that the easing of international tensions cannot be based on the policy of balance of force, spheres of influence, rivalry between power blocs, military alliances and the accumulation of armaments, particularly nuclear weapons, and that the relaxation of tension cannot be fully ensured without the active participation of nonaligned countries in vital decisions affecting world peace and security on the basis of equality. (Final Document, Political Declaration, Para 219) The Conference noted with concern the continuation of the arms race, mainly by the NWS... (Final Document, Political Declaration, Para 219) As was noted at the First Summit Conference in Belgrade, the special role and responsibility of the great Powers in halting and reversing the arms race... (Final Document, Political Declaration, Para 222) The Conference welcomed the signing of the agreement between the USSR and the USA on the limitation of strategic nuclear weapons. Disarmament and Development (Final Document, Political Declaration, Para 225) The Conference noted that the arms race is incompatible with and contrary to the New International Economic Order. (Final Document, Political Declaration, Para 225) [The Conference] underscored again that increasing material and human potentials were being wasted through investment in armaments, which considerably diminishes the availability of resources indispensable for development. Modernization of Nuclear Weapons (Final Document, Political Declaration, Para 218) The Conference called the immediate cessation of the qualitative improvement of nuclear weapons and their means of delivery, a halt in the production of fissionable material for weapons purposes and of all nuclear weapons, and the reduction of nuclear weapons stockpiles leading to their elimination. UN General Assembly and Special Sessions on Disarmament UN FORA (Final Document, Political Declaration, Para 217) The Conference reaffirmed the adherence of non-aligned countries to the objective of general and complete disarmament,... drawing attention to the Final Document of the 10th UNGA Special Session on disarmament... which represents a solid basis for 2

setting in motion the process of real disarmament. (Final Document, Political Declaration, Para 218) The Conference called for the urgent implementation, within a specific time frame, of the Programme of Action, particularly of the nuclear disarmament measures, contained in the Final Document of the Special Session. (Final Document, Political Declaration, Para 220) The Conference noted with satisfaction that non-aligned countries have played an increasingly active role in the machinery created at the tenth special session of the United Nations General Assembly devoted to disarmament. (Final Document, Political Declaration, Para 223) The Conference welcomes the decision to a hold a second SSOD in 1982. UN FORA Test Ban and CTBT (Final Document, Political Declaration, Para 218) Pending the elimination of nuclear weapons, the nuclear-weapon States are called upon to cease the testing of nuclear weapons. (Final Document, Political Declaration, Para 220)...the Conference expressed its regret over the fact that the trilateral negotiations between the Soviet Union, the United States of American and the United Kingdom have not so far led to a treaty on the comprehensive ban on nuclear weapons testing. 18-Nation Committee on Disarmament & Conference on Disarmament (Final Document, Political Declaration, Para 219) The Conference noted with satisfaction that proposals on [security assurances] have been submitted in the Committee on Disarmament and that there is no objection in principle in the Committee to an international convention to assure non-nuclear weapons States against the use or threat of use of nuclear weapons, [and] welcomed the establishment of a Working Group to negotiate such a convention. (Final Document, Political Declaration, Para 220) [The Conference] underlined the responsibility of the Committee of Disarmament, which has been reconstituted at the initiative of non-aligned countries on a more democratic basis, to facilitate the successful conclusion of the negotiations on disarmament. UN Disarmament Commission (Final Document, Political Declaration, Para 220)...the Conference attributed a particular importance to the work of the United Nations Disarmament Commission for the preparation of a comprehensive programme on disarmament. 3

World Disarmament Conference (Final Document, Political Declaration, Para 223) [The Conference] supported the proposal to call for a world disarmament conference. UN FORA CHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL WEAPONS NONPROLIFERATION PEACEFUL USES OF NUCLEAR ENERGY International Atomic Energy Agency (Final Document, Political Declaration, Page 163) The Conference noted with satisfaction the work done by the Group of Non-Aligned Coordinating Countries on peaceful uses of nuclear energy at their First Preparatory Meeting held in Belgrade in December 1978, and stressed the importance of implementing the decisions taken at the Meeting. The main decisions were as follows: NAM should have a coordinated approach at IAEA; need to convene an international nuclear energy conference for economic and social development. (Final Document, Political Declaration, Page 163/4) The main decisions were as follows: (a) NAM countries should have a coordinated approach in the IAEA which will strengthen the roll of the Group 77 in association. Chemical Weapons (Final Document, Political Declaration, Para 220) The Conference called for the urgent conclusion of a treaty on the prohibition of the development, production and stockpiling of all chemical weapons and their destruction... Nonproliferation and Peaceful Uses (Final Document, Political Declaration, Para 232)...concern for non-proliferation should not be used as a pretext to prevent States from exercising the right to acquire and develop peaceful nuclear technology... (Final Document, Political Declaration, Page 164) The Conference expressed concern at the obstacles imposed by the developed countries on the transfer of technology relating to peaceful uses of atomic energy... General Peaceful Uses (Final Document, Political Declaration, Para 227)...the Conference stressed the exceptional importance of international co-operation among the non-aligned and other developing countries in the field of peaceful use of nuclear energy. This cooperation is of special significance in the fields where these countries can achieve a greater degree of self-sufficiency. (Final Document, Political Declaration, Para 228) The Conference affirmed the inalienable right of all States to apply 4

PEACEFUL USES OF NUCLEAR ENERGY and develop their programmes for the peaceful uses of nuclear energy for economic and social development in conformity with their priorities, interests, and needs. (Final Document, Political Declaration, Para 229) All States should have unhindered access to and be free to acquire technology, equipment and materials on an non-discriminatory basis for peaceful uses of nuclear energy, taking into account the particular needs of developing countries. (Final Document, Political Declaration, Para 231) Each country's choices and decisions in the field of peaceful uses of nuclear energy should be respected without jeopardizing the respective fuel cycle policies or the international co-operation, agreements, and contracts for the peaceful uses of nuclear energy. (Final Document, Political Declaration, Para 232) The Conference stressed the need for observance of the principles of non-discrimination and free access to nuclear technology and reaffirmed the right of each country to develop programmes for the use of nuclear energy for peaceful purposes in conformity with their own freely determined priorities and needs. (Final Document, Political Declaration, Para 232)...concern for non-proliferation should not be used as a pretext to prevent States from exercising the right to acquire and develop peaceful nuclear technology... Access to Nuclear Technology (Final Document, Political Declaration, Page 163) The Conference noted with satisfaction the work done by the Group of Non-Aligned Coordinating Countries on peaceful uses of nuclear energy at their 1st Preparatory Committee held in Belgrade. (Final Document, Political Declaration, Page 164) [The Conference] emphasized the necessity for developing countries to strengthen cooperation in this field (nuclear energy), and decided that the group of coordinators on nuclear energy should make concrete proposals on the framework and content of such cooperation. (Final Document, Political Declaration, Page 164) [The Conference] expressed concern at the obstacles imposed by the developed countries on the transfer of technology relating to the peaceful uses of atomic energy by setting terms and conditions incompatible with the national sovereignty of recipient countries and with the criteria of sound financial administration. (Final Document, Political Declaration, Para 228) [The Conference] deplored the pressures and threats against developing countries aimed at preventing them from pursuing their programmes for the development of nuclear energy for peaceful purposes. (Final Document, Political Declaration, Para 230) It expressed concern regarding the obstacles which the developed countries place in the way transfers of technology relating to peaceful uses 5

PEACEFUL USES OF NUCLEAR ENERGY NUCLEAR WEAPON FREE ZONES of atomic energy, particularly energy by fixing financial and other conditions which are incompatible with the national sovereignty of developing countries and with the criteria of financial viability. (Final Document, Political Declaration, Para 232)...the Conference expressed its concern at the monopolistic policies of nuclear supplier countries restricting and limiting the transfer of technology and imposing conditions, which are incompatible with the sovereignty and independence of the developing countries. Matters on the UN and IAEA (Final Document, Political Declaration, Page 163/4) The main decisions were as follows: (a) NAM countries should have a coordinated approach in the IAEA which will strengthen the roll of the Group 77 in Association; (b) The necessity to convene an international conference on the use of nuclear energy for economic and social development; (Final Document, Political Declaration, Page 164) The Conference [r]ecommended that all non-aligned countries support the holding of an international conference on peaceful uses of nuclear energy for economic and social development in accordance with the General Assembly Resolution 32/50, adopted by consensus, and inform the Secretary-General of the UN of their support. (Final Document, Political Declaration, Para 233) The Heads of State of Government welcomed the use of nuclear energy for peaceful purposes in accordance with resolution 32/50 of the UNGA. General Views on Nuclear Weapon Free Zones (Final Document, Political Declaration, Para 40) [The Heads of State] voiced their opinion that the denuclearization of Africa constituted matters of priority that the OAU, NAM and the UN must tackle with all the force necessary. (Final Document, Political Declaration, Para 221) The Conference affirmed that the establishment of NWFZs constitutes an important disarmament measure (Final Document, Political Declaration, Para 221) With respect to such zones, the NWS in turn are called upon to give undertakings: (a) to respect strictly the states of the NWFZ and (b) to refrain from the use or threat of use of nuclear weapons against the states of the zone. Indian Ocean Zone of Peace (Final Document, Political Declaration, Para 142) The Conference recalled that the non-aligned nations... consistently extended their unanimous support to the Declaration of the Indian Ocean as a Zone of Peace adopted by the [UNGA] Resolution 6

NUCLEAR WEAPON FREE ZONES 2832 (XXVI). (Final Document, Political Declaration, Para 142) [UNGA Resolution 2832] sought to... bring about the elimination from the Indian ocean of foreign bases, military installations, logistical supply facilities, the disposition of nuclear weapons and weapons of mass destruction. General Views on Nuclear Security Assurances (Final Document, Disarmament Section, Page 126, Para 1) With regard to [NWFZs], the nuclear-weapon States in turn are called upon... (a) To respect strictly the status of the nuclearweapon-free zone and (b) To refrain from the use or threat of use of nuclear weapons against the States of the zone. NWFZ and Security Assurance NUCLEAR SECURITY ASSURANCES (Final Document, Political Declaration, Para 221) With respect to such zones, the NWS in turn are called upon to give undertakings: (a) to respect strictly the states of the NWFZ and (b) to refrain from the use or threat of use of nuclear weapons against the states of the zone. International Convention or Instrument (Final Document, Political Declaration, Para 219) The Conference noted with satisfaction that proposals... have been submitted in the [CD] and there is no objection in principle in the [CD] to an international convention to assure [NNWS] against use or threat of use of nuclear weapons. Nuclear Weapon States Role (Final Document, Political Declaration, Para 218) Pending the elimination of nuclear weapons, the nuclear-weapon- States are called upon to renounce the threat or use of nuclear weapons. (Final Document, Political Declaration, Para 219) [NWS] must refrain from any activity in the nuclear field which would jeopardize the security and well-being of the peoples of [NNWS]. Israel COUNTRY SPECIFIC (Final Document, Political Declaration, Para 76) It stressed that 7

this co-operation had not only facilitated the establishment and consolidation of the apartheid regime s repressive and oppressive apparatus but also increased Pretoria s war potential, including its plans for nuclear development... (Final Document, Political Declaration, Para 113) The Conference denounced the position adopted by certain States, notably the USA, which continue to supply Israel with advanced weaponry and various forms of aid for development of an arms industry in Israel. (Final Document, Political Declaration, Para 113) The Conference expressed its deep concern at the escalation of Israeli military strength in both conventional and nuclear weapons... COUNTRY SPECIFIC South Africa (Final Document, Political Declaration, Para 76) It stressed that this co-operation had not only facilitated the establishment and consolidation of the apartheid regime s repressive and oppressive apparatus but also increased Pretoria s war potential, including its plans for nuclear development. United Kingdom Germany France 8

COUNTRY SPECIFIC The United States of America (Final Document, Political Declaration, Para 113) The Conference denounced the position adopted by certain States, notably the USA, which continue to supply Israel with advanced weaponry and various forms of aid for development of an arms industry in Israel. Compiled by the NAM Project Task Force at the International Organizations and Nonproliferation Program (IONP) of the James Martin Center for Nonproliferation Studies (Monterey, California) Last Updated: July 2012 9