United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) Towards 2015 Agreement Bahrain May 05, 2015 1
Overview I. Key messages II. III. IV. Background Key Issues to be Resolved Status of Negotiations V. Summery 2
Key Messages Shift from emission mitigation commitments to nationally determined contributions Legal nature of contributions will be determined by 2015 Monitoring, reporting and verification of contributions is of a consultative nature, maybe! Scope of the future agreement includes economic diversification and negative impacts of policies and measures 2015 agreement is applicable to ALL 3
Background 2009 2015 is a transitional period for UNFCCC process: Bringing US and developing countries into an agreement for international contribution Changing the approach from top-down (Kyoto) to bottom-up (Copenhagen) Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change is the driving body for UNFCCC agreements 4
Kyoto Protocol (Top-Down) - 1997 International Commitment Agreed International Target (1 st 5.2% - 2 nd 18%) International Distribution 25-40% By 2020 National Implementation Major Umbrella Group countries walked away International MRV International Monitoring & Verification 5
2015 Agreement (Bottom-Up) International Commitment Determine International Target National Intended Nationally Determined Contributions Global Goal: to maintain temperature rise below 2C, or about 40-70% emission reduction below N 2010 by 2050. Determination & Implementation Convention Goal: to stabilize GHG concentrations in the atmosphere while ensuring food production is not threatened and enable N economic development to proceed in a sustainable manner. N International & National MRV International Monitoring & Verification 6
Background 2009 Copenhagen (COP15) A voluntary pledge and review system 2010 Cancun (COP16) Means of implementation institutions and thematic bodies 2011 Durban (COP17) A new regime under the Convention applicable to all Forum on Response Measures 2012 Doha (COP18) Combination of both: Top-Down and Bottom-up till 2020 Economic Diversification 2013 Warsaw (COP19) Commitment converted to contributions by all, lost CBDR 2014 Lima (COP20) INDCs to include both mitigations and adaptation, restored CBDR 2015 Paris (COP21) Agreement applicable to all with legal force??? 7
Background 2009 Copenhagen (COP15) Contributions: voluntary up to 2020 (86 Countries) Contributions: applicable to all post-2020 (195 Countries) 2015 Paris (COP21) 8
Role of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Assessment Report 1 (1990) Assessment Report 2 (1995) Assessment Report 3 (2001) Assessment Report 4 (2007) Assessment Report 5 (2014) Convention Kyoto Protocol Marrakech Accord Bali Road Map 2015 Agreement Assessment reports are the basis for UNFCCC agreements 9
Global Goal Key Controversial Issues EU and SIDS Maintain the 2C temperature rise Stick to the Convention goal Goal for Adaptation Differentiation - CBDR Nature of INDCs Means of implementation Finance Tech. Legal form Accountability Transparency US is indifferent EU and Developing SIDS are against countries want to associate with US is indifferent EU and US provision supportof MOI Developing Developing EU & SIDS countries countries partially insist different support views US, EU US and is against SIDS insist on mitigation Developing US, EU countries and SIDS to Developing insistkeep countries in accompanying adaptation decisions with co-benefits of mitigation Developing countries insist in inclusion in core agreement Cycles - Review 10
Negotiating text agreed in Geneva (A) Preamble (A) (B) Definition (B) (C) Genera / Objective (D) Mitigation Status of Negotiations (E) Adaptation (F) Finance (G) Technology (H) Capacity building (I) Transparency of action and support Amalgamation of text that took input from parties (90 pages), very divergent and requires major streamlining Each Party s mitigation commitment shall In accordance with Article 4 of the Convention, constitute its highest possible effort all Parties to progressively enhance the level of according to its national circumstances and ambition of their mitigation commitments / in accordance with the principles of the contributions / actions such that [the aggregate Convention and its Article 4, all Parties, commitments to achieve the long-term global taking into account their common but goal referred to in paragraph 17 above] each differentiated responsibilities and their commitment / contribution / action is of a type, specific national and regional development scope, scale and coverage more / no less priorities, objectives and circumstances, shall ambitious than those previously undertaken enhance the implementation of their under this agreement or the Convention or its commitments under Article 4, paragraph 1, Kyoto Protocol; [national commitments shall be including through inscribed as an integral part of the 2015 agreement.] (J) Time frames 11
Road to Paris June Session (All SBs) September Session (additional) October Session (additional) December (COP21) Other informal meetings and processes G20 - Post 2015 agenda - Financing For Development - GCF Petersburg UN SG Pre-Cop Ministerial Climate change is everyone's business in 2015 12
Final Thoughts Maintain the Convention Principles CBDR / Equity INDCS should be guided by: Sustainable development requirements short / long term Should be adaptation in nature with co-benefits of mitigation Reflects national circumstances and capabilities Should be at project / activity level No economy wide target Conditional to provision of support Clean Development mechanism - no market based mechanisms 13
Thank you Bahrain May 05, 2015 14
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