UvA-DARE (Digital Academic Repository) State immunity and cultural objects on loan van Woudenberg, N. Link to publication

UvA-DARE (Digital Academic Repository) State immunity and cultural objects on loan van Woudenberg, N. Link to publication Citation for published version (APA): van Woudenberg, N. (2011). State immunity and cultural objects on loan General rights It is not permitted to download or to forward/distribute the text or part of it without the consent of the author(s) and/or copyright holder(s), other than for strictly personal, individual use, unless the work is under an open content license (like Creative Commons). Disclaimer/Complaints regulations If you believe that digital publication of certain material infringes any of your rights or (privacy) interests, please let the Library know, stating your reasons. In case of a legitimate complaint, the Library will make the material inaccessible and/or remove it from the website. Please Ask the Library: http://uba.uva.nl/en/contact, or a letter to: Library of the University of Amsterdam, Secretariat, Singel 425, 1012 WP Amsterdam, The Netherlands. You will be contacted as soon as possible. UvA-DARE is a service provided by the library of the University of Amsterdam (http://dare.uva.nl) Download date: 17 Nov 2017

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Woudenberg, Nout van, Immunity from Seizure of Cultural Objects belonging to Foreign States: Dutch Legislation and Practice, Cultural Heritage & Arts Review, 2010, Vol. 1, Issue 2, pp. 16-18. Woudenberg, Nout van, Immunity from seizure: a legal exploration, in: Pettersson, Susanna, Hagedorn-Saupe, Monika, Jyrkkiö, Teijamari and Weij, Astrid (eds.), Encouraging Collections Mobility - A way forward for Museums in Europe, Helsinki 2010, pp. 200-213. http://www.lending-foreurope.eu/fileadmin/cm/public/handbook/encouraging_collections_mobility_a4.pdf. Wouters, Jan and Eeckhoutte, Dries van, Giving Effect to Customary International Law Through European Community Law, Catholic University Leuven, Faculty of Law, Institute for International Law, Working Paper No. 25 - June 2002. Wouters, Jan, Bronnen van het internationale recht [Sources of international law], in: Horbach, Nathalie, Lefeber, René and Ribbelink, Olivier (eds.), Handboek Internationaal Recht [Handbook International Law], The Hague 2007, pp. 81-122. Wouters, Jan and Ryngaert, Cedric, The Impact of Human Rights and International Humanitarian Law on the Process of the Formation of Customary International Law, Catholic University Leuven, Faculty of Law, Institute for International Law Working Paper No. 121 - February 2008. Youngblood Reyhan, Patricia, A chaotic palette: conflict of laws in litigation between original owners and good-faith purchasers of stolen art, Duke Law Journal, February 2001, Vol. 50, No. 4, pp. 955-1043. Zerbe, Rodney M., Immunity from Seizure for Artworks on Loan to United States Museums, Northwestern Journal of International Law & Business, Winter 1984-1985, Vol. 6, No. 4, pp. 1121-1145. 2. Press articles 2.1 International press [in chronological order] Varoli, John, Rome, la valse de La Danse, Le Journal des Arts, 30 June 2000, No. 108. Varoli, John, Disputed Hermitage Matisse leaves Italy, Milan show postponed, The Art Newspaper, July-August 2000, No. 105. Varoli, John and Nayeri, Farah, Russia Cancels UK Art Show, Cites Lack of Guarantee, Bloomberg.com, 19 December 2007. Russian art loan to London exhibition in doubt amid fears paintings could be seized, International Herald Tribune, 19 December 2007. UK Disputes Russia's Claim of Cancelled Exhibition, Artinfo.com, 19 December 2007. Akinsha, Konstantin and Kozlov, Grigorij, Fighting for Their Rights, Art News, April 2008, 528

Vol. 107, No. 4. Lufkin, Martha, Stedelijk returns five Malevich works to artist s heirs, The Art Newspaper, June 2008, No. 192. Somers Cocks, Anna, Revealed: details of contract between Abu Dhabi and France, The Art Newspaper, June 2008, No. 192. Hickley, Catherine, Nazi Victim s Family Sues Germany for Looted El Greco, Pissarro, Bloomberg.com, 26 October 2008. Ruiz, Cristina, How the Mona Lisa almost came to a watery end, The Art Newspaper, May 2009, No. 202. Hornby, Lucy, China calls for return of art treasures from abroad, Reuters, 17 November 2009. Baily, Martin, British Museum agrees Iran loan, The Art Newspaper, January 2010, No. 209. Jess, Kevin, Canada rejects Jordan s claim to Dead Sea Scrolls, Digital Journal, 3 January 2010. Canada Neutral on Dead Sea Scrolls Controversy, Artinfo.com, 5 January 2010. Lufkin, Martha, Restitution case targets Thyssen museum, The Art Newspaper, February 2010, No. 210. Jordan claims Dead Sea Scrolls from Israel, The Art Newspaper, February 2010, No. 210. Lufkin, Martha, Canadian sues Swiss museum for Van Gogh drawing, The Art Newspaper, June 2010, No. 214. Dobrzynski, Judith, Settled At Last: Portrait of Wally, Now Purchased By Leopold (Museum), To Return to Vienna, Artsjournal, 21 July 2010. Russia refuses to turn over Jewish library to US, The Associated Press, 12 August 2010. Lufkin, Martha, Nazi loot case against Spain can move forward, The Art Newspaper, 27 August 2010 (web only). Lufkin, Martha, The case that changed everything, The Art Newspaper, September 2010, No. 216. Mullin, Sheppard, Grandma Robbed by Nazis - Grandson Sues Spain to Recover Stolen Paintings, Art Law Gallery, 2 September 2010. Benchmarks for 2000-2010, The Art Newspaper, December 2010, No. 219. Lufkin, Martha, Spain and Thyssen-Bornemisza Collection petition U.S. Supreme Court, The Art Newspaper, 15 December 2010 (web only). 529

Lufkin, Martha, Hungary seeks dismissal in Nazi restitution case, The Art Newspaper, 16 February 2011 (web only). Lufkin, Martha, Iran wins immunity in artefacts case, The Art Newspaper, May 2011, No. 224. Stoilas, Helen and Burns, Charlotte, US-Russia cultural cold war continues, The Art Newspaper, 26 May 11 (web only). Czech reclaiming artworks for fear of seizure, The Associated Press, 10 June 2011. 2.2 National press [countries in order of the study and in chronological order] 2.2.1 United States of America Jenkins, Robert N., The key to success: Caring, timing and striving, St. Petersburg Times, 6 January 1995. Travel Advisory; The Romanovs in Florida, The New York Times, 8 January 1995. Dobrzynski, Judith, Already, Schiele Case is Reining in Art World, The New York Times, 10 January 1998. Judge says disputed paintings can return to Austria, CNN US, 13 May 1998. Museum wins dispute over art allegedly stolen by Nazis, CNN US, 21 September 1999. Reynolds, Christopher, Lawsuit seeks to block LACMA s Pushkin show, Los Angeles Times, 16 July 2003. McRae, Susan, Heir Sues to Halt LACMA Exhibit, Wall Street Journal, 16 July 2003. Holley, David, She works the system, Los Angeles Times, 27 July 2003. Bowles, Pete, Met sued over art Nazis allegedly stolen, The New York Times, 21 January 2004. Meier, Barry, Painting ordered back to Greece, The New York Times, 24 January 2004. Soto, Onell R., Holocaust survivor wants art returned, The San Diego Union-Tribune, 11 May 2005. Meier, Barry, Antiquities and Politics Intersect in a Lawsuit, The New York Times, 29 March 2006. Dobrzynski, Judith, Lenders Pull Two Bonnards from a Show at the Modern, The New York Times, 29 April 2008. 530

McCue, Dan, Holocaust Survivor Heirs Sue for Van Gogh Drawing, Courthouse News Service, 9 December 2009. Williams, Carol J., Pissarro masterpiece travels a twisted history, Los Angeles Times, 7 April 2010. $19 million settlement in case of painting stolen by Nazis, U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement, News Releases, 20 July 2010. United States announces $19 million settlement in case of painting stolen by Nazi, United States Attorney, Southern District of New York, 20 July 2010. The United States of America, the Estate of Lea Bondi Jaray and the Leopold Museum Settle the Long-Standing Case Involving Portrait of Wally by Egon Schiele, Press release by Herrick, Feinstein LLP, 20 July 2010. Vogel, Carol, Hungary Sued in Holocaust Art Claim, The New York Times, 27 July 2010. Dempsey, Judy, Roadblocks Remain in Case of Paintings Lost to Nazis, The New York Times, 28 October 2010. Vogel, Carol and Levy, Clifford J., Dispute Derails Art Loans From Russia, The New York Times, 2 February 2011. Glenn, David, U. of Chicago and Museums Win Key Ruling in Legal Battle Over Iranian Antiquities, The Chronicle of Higher Education, 29 March 2011. 2.2.2 Canada Jordan Asks Canada to seize Dead Sea Scrolls, The Globe and Mail, 1 January 2010. Ross, Oakland, Dead Sea Scrolls stir storm at ROM, The Star, 9 April 2010. 2.2.3 United Kingdom Carroll, Rory, Judge to decide who is lord of The Dance, The Guardian, 14 June 2000. Kennedy, Frances, Matisse masterpiece whisked back to Russia, The Independent, 14 June 2000. Watson, Peter, Who owns this masterpiece?, The Times, 27 January 2004. Romania blocks Tate exhibit, The Guardian, 27 January 2004. Greeks withdraw El Greco painting, BBC News, 30 January 2004. Page, Jeremy, $1bn of seized art to be returned, Times Online, 17 November 2005. 531

Art is to be out of reach for cultural kidnappers, Times Online, 13 March 2006. Stolen art works, The Times, 28 November 2006. Russia calls off major art loan as ties with UK worsen, The Guardian, 19 December 2007. Russian-held art in centre of row after Moscow refuses export to London exhibition, Daily Mail, 20 December 2007. Brown, Mark, Russian collectors heirs want compensation for lost art, The Guardian, 22 January 2008. 2.2.4 The Netherlands Bern geeft Russen in beslag genomen schilderijen terug [Bern returns seized paintings to Russia], Algemeen Dagblad, 16 November 2005. Baks, Evelien, Schilderijen terug naar erven [Paintings back to heirs], Algemeen Dagblad, 23 April 2008. Heyting, Lien, Vijf doeken van Malevitsj naar erven [Five works of Malevich to heirs], NRC Handelsblad, 24 April 2008. The City of Amsterdam and the Heirs of Kazimir Malevich reach an amicable settlement regarding the Malevich collection in Amsterdam, Press release City of Amsterdam, 24 April 2008. Rijksmuseum verwerft topstuk Berckheyde [Rijksmuseum acquires master piece Berckheyde], Press release Rijksmuseum Amsterdam, 6 October 2008. Bank legt claim op topwerk Rijksmuseum [Bank claims master piece Rijksmuseum], NRC Handelsblad, 17 April 2009. Jensma, Folkert, Juridische strijd over schilderij Gouden Bocht [Legal dispute over painting Golden Bend ], NRC Handelsblad, 24 April 2009. Fauwe, Loes de, Geen garantie De Bocht terug in Amsterdam [No guarantee that The Bend will return to Amsterdam], Parool, 25 April 2009. Rijksmuseum mag De Bocht houden [Rijksmuseum may keep The Bend ], NRC Handelsblad, 28 September 2009. Borg, Lucette ter, Achter de dingen [Behind things], NRC Handelsblad, 31 December 2009. 2.2.5 France From Russia art claimants want compensation from Russia, AFP, 22 January 2008. 532

2.2.6 Germany Vorerst keine Sabarsky Ausstelling in Wien [For the time being no Sabarsky exhibtion in Vienna], Frankfurter Algemeine Zeitung, 19 May 2003. Curry, Andrew, Russia Threatens to Withhold Artworks, Spiegel Online, 21 December 2007. Jordan to ask U.S. and Italy to seize visiting Dead Sea Scrolls, Deutsche Presse-Agentur, 14 January 2010. 2.2.7 Austria Kunstwerke in Belvedere-Ausstellung beschlagnahmt [Works of art seized in Belvedere exhibition, Nachrichten.at, 24 May 2011. Belvedere: Kunst mit Kuckuck [Belvedere: Art with Cuckoo], Der Standard, 25 May 2011. 2.2.8 Czech Republic Exhibit of Kremlin collection to open in Prague, Prague Daily Monitor, 9 February 2011. Kremlin exhibition to be held in Prague, Prague Daily Monitor, 18 February 2011. Austrian court seizes CzechRep s property sought by Diag Human, CTK Czech News Agency, 24 May 2011. Jones, Tom, Vienna Court demands Czech artwork seizure, Czechposition.com, 24 May 2011. Rühmkorf, Christian, Kunst für Blut-Geld internationaler Rechtsstreit spitzt sich zu [Art for blood money - international legal dispute escalates], Radio Prague, 25 May 2011. CzechRep says will prove its dispute with Diag Human not over, Ceske Noviny.cz, 26 May 2011. Diag Human plans more distraints of Czech property abroad, CTK Czech News Agency, 28 May 2011. Jones, Tom, Austrian bailiffs seize Czech artworks, Czechposition.com, 30 May 2011. Cultural Ministry orders return of state-owned artworks from abroad to avoid seizure in arbitration case, Radio Prague, 1 June 2011. Ministry receives Paris court s ruling on Diag Human case, Prague Daily Monitor, 6 June 2011. 533

Compton, Claire, Priceless works of art seized, The Prague Post, 8 June 2011. CR reluctant to loan artifacts abroad over Diag Human suit, Prague Daily Monitor, 8 June 2011. Vienna court scraps Czech artifacts seizure over Diag Human case, Ceske Noviny.cz, 1 July 2011. 2.2.9 Italy Conti, Paolo, Mattise, la Danse contesa torna all Ermitage [Contested Mattise, the Dance returns to the Hermitage], Corriere della sera, 13 June 2000. La Danse die Matisse: il guidice nega la possibilità di sequestro [ La Danse by Matisse: the court denies possibility of sequestration], Corrierre della sera, 21 July 2000. 2.2.10 Russian Federation Andriasova, Tatyana, Shchukin s unique art collection returns to Russia, The Moscow News, 11 October 2004. Noga s Arrest a No Go, Kommersant, 17 November 2005. Aftermath of the Arts Scandal, Kommersant, 18 November 2005. They Won t Let Matisse Go to Britain, Kommersant, 20 December 2007. Britain Guarantees Guarantee by Jan 7, Kommersant, 27 December 2007. VTB Accounts Frozen Over Swiss Debt Claim, Moscow Times, 15 January 2008. Alexander Kogan: NOGA Isn t Done Yet, Moscow News Weekly, 24 January 2008. 2.2.11 Israel Henry, Marilyn, An artful dilemma, Jerusalem Post, 22 January 2007. Brinn, David, Israel Museum exhibits hope to match looted Holocaust art with the owners, Jerusalem Post, 13 February 2008. Brinn, David, The art of restitution, Jerusalem Post, 14 February 2008. Tuchmayer, Avi, Stolen Holocaust Art at the Israel Museum, IsraelNationalNews.com, 19 February 2008. Henry, Marilyn, Metro Views: A whimper, not a bang, Jerusalem Post, 12 September 2009. Fendel, Hillel, Jordan, PA Claim Dead Sea Scrolls, IsraelNationalNews.com, 2 January 534

2010. O Sullivan, Arieh, Palestinians claim Dead Sea Scrolls, The Jerusalem Post, 3 January 2010. 2.2.12 China and the territory of Taiwan Hua, Zhuang, Feature: Auction of looted Chinese relics hurts China's cultural rights, China View, 26 February 2009. New Japan law opens way for exhibits, The China Post, 26 March 2011. 2.2.13 Australia Safe, Georgina, Artefact Stoush Risks Future Loans, The Australian, 22 October 2004. 3. International reports 3.1 UNESCO Legal and Practical Measures Against Illicit Trafficking in Cultural Property, UNESCO Handbook, International Standards Section, Division of Cultural Heritage, Paris 2006. 3.2 Unidroit Explanatory Report to the 1995 Unidroit Convention on Stolen or Illegally Exported Objects, to be found at: http://www.unidroit.org/english/conventions/1995culturalproperty/1995culturalpropertyexplanatoryreport-e.pdf. 3.3 Council of Europe Explanatory Report on the European Convention on State Immunity, to be found at: http://conventions.coe.int/treaty/en/reports/html/074.htm. 3.4 European Union Study No. 2003-4879: An inventory of national systems of public guarantees in 31 European countries, Réunion des Musées Nationaux, Etablissement Public à Caractère Industriel et Commercial (EPIC) Paris (France) in collaboration with Staatliche Museen zu Berlin Preussischer Kulturbesitz Berlin (Germany), June 2004. Report on a legal framework for free movement within the internal market of goods whose ownership is likely to be contested, 26 November 2003, to be found at: http://www.lootedartcommission.com/european-union. 535

Lending to Europe: Recommendations on collection mobility for European Museums, a report produced by an independent group of experts, set up by EU Council Resolution 13839/04, April 2005. Action Plan for the EU Promotion of Museum Collections Mobility and Loan Standards, endorsed 17 October 2006, to be found at: http://www.ne-mo.org/index.php?id=104&stil=0&c_pid=&c_uid=7. Work Plan for Culture 2008-2010, to be found at: http://eur-lex.europa.eu/lexuriserv/lexuriserv.do?uri=celex:42008x0610(01):en:not. Report of the subgroup Immunity from Seizure of the Expert Group Mobility of Collections, June 2010, to be found at: http://ec.europa.eu/culture/our-policydevelopment/doc/mobility_collections_report/reports/immunity_seizure.pdf. Conclusions and Recommendations subgroup Immunity from Seizure, Expert Group Mobility of Collections, June 2010, to be found at: http://ec.europa.eu/culture/our-policydevelopment/doc/mobility_collections_report/conclusions/immunity_seizure.pdf. Final Report and Recommendations to the Cultural Affairs Committee on Improving the Means of Increasing the Mobility of Collections, OMC Expert Group Mobility of Collections, June 2010, to be found at: http://ec.europa.eu/culture/our-policydevelopment/doc/library/omc_mobility_collections_reportrome_07_10.pdf. Commission Report to the European Parliament, the Council, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions on the implementation of the European Agenda for Culture, Doc. COM (2010)390 final, 9 July 2010. Work Plan for Culture 2011-2014, to be found at: http://www.consilium.europa.eu/uedocs/cms_data/docs/pressdata/en/educ/117795.pdf. Explanatory Report to the 2007 Lugano Convention on jurisdiction and the recognition and enforcement of judgments in civil and commercial matters, Official Journal C 319, 23 December 2009, p. 1. 3.5 Organization of American States Annual Report of the Inter-American Juridical Committee to the [OAS] General Assembly 2000, 25 August 2000, CJI/doc.45/00, to be found at: http://www.oas.org/cji/eng/infoanual.cji.2000.ing.pdf. 3.6 International Law Commission [in chronological order] Report of the International Law Commission on the work of its thirtieth session, UN Doc. 536

A/33/10, Yearbook of the International Law Commission, 1978, Vol. II, Part Two. Yearbook of the International Law Commission, 1981, Vol. I, Summary records of the meetings of the thirty-third session, UN Doc. A/CN.4/SER.A/1981. Third report on the jurisdictional immunities of States and their property, by Mr. Sompong Sucharitkul, Special Rapporteur, UN Doc. A/CN.4/340, Yearbook of the International Law Commission, 1981, Vol. II, Part One, Documents of the thirty-eighth session, pp. 125-150. Report of the Commission to the General Assembly on the work of its thirty-fourth session, Doc. A/37/10, Yearbook of the International Law Commission, 1982, Vol. II, Part Two. Fifth report on the jurisdictional immunities of States and their property, by Mr. Sompong Sucharitkul, Special Rapporteur, UN Doc. A/CN.4/363, Yearbook of the International Law Commission, 1983, Vol. II, Part One, Documents of the thirty-fifth session, pp. 25-52. Yearbook of the International Law Commission, 1985, Vol. I, Summary records of the meetings of the thirty-seventh session, UN Doc. A/CN.4/SER.A/1985. Seventh report on jurisdictional immunities of States and their property, by Mr. Sompong Sucharitkul, Special Rapporteur, UN Doc. A/CN.4/388, Yearbook of the International Law Commission, 1985, Vol. II, Part One, Documents of the thirty-seventh session, pp. 21-48. Yearbook of the International Law Commission, 1985, Vol. I, Summary records of the meetings of the thirty-seventh session, UN Doc. A/CN.4/SER.A/1985. Yearbook of the International Law Commission, 1986, Vol. I, Summary records of the meetings of the thirty-eighth session, UN Doc. A/CN.4/SER.A/1986. Eighth report on the jurisdictional immunities of States and their property, by Mr. Sompong Sucharitkul, Special Rapporteur, UN Doc. A/CN.4/396, Yearbook of the International Law Commission,1986, Vol. II, Part One, Documents of the thirty-eighth session, pp. 23-37. Report of the Commission to the General Assembly on the work of its thirty-eighth session, Doc. A/41/10, Yearbook of the International Law Commission, 1986, Vol. II, Part Two. Yearbook of the International Law Commission, 1988, Vol. I, Summary records of the meetings of the fortieth session, UN Doc. A/CN.4/SER.A/1988. Comments and observations received from Governments, UN Doc. A/CN.4/410 and Add. 1-5, Yearbook of the International Law Commission, 1988, Vol. II, Part One, Documents of the fortieth session, pp. 45-95. Preliminary report on jurisdictional immunities of States and their property, by Mr. Motoo Ogiso, Special Rapporteur, UN Doc. A/CN.4/415, Yearbook of the International Law Commission, 1988, Vol. II, Part One, Documents of the fortieth session, pp. 96-123. Second report on jurisdictional immunities of States and their property, by Mr. Motoo Ogiso, Special Rapporteur, UN Doc. A/CN.4/422, Yearbook of the International Law Commission, 1989, Vol. II, Part One, Documents of the forty-first session, pp. 59-73. 537

Yearbook of the International Law Commission, 1991, Vol. I, Summary records of the meetings of the forty-third session, UN Doc. A/CN.4/SER.A/1991. Report of the Commission to the General Assembly on the work of its forty-third session, UN Doc. A/46/10, Yearbook of the International Law Commission, 1991, Vol. II, Part Two, pp. 13-62. Report of the Commission to the General Assembly on the work of its fifty-first session, UN Doc. A/54/10, Yearbook of the International Law Commission, 1999, Vol. II, Part Two. Report of the Commission to the General Assembly on the work of its fifty-third session, UN Doc. A/56/10, Yearbook of the International Law Commission, 2001, Vol. II, Part Two, pp. 26-153. Report of the Ad Hoc Committee on Jurisdictional Immunities of States and Their Property (4-15 February 2002), General Assembly Official Records, fifty-seventh session, Suppl. No. 22 (UN Doc. A/57/22). Fragmentation of International Law: difficulties arising from the Diversification and Expansion of International Law, Report of the Study Group of the International Law Commission, 18 July 2006, UN Doc. A/CN.4/l.702. 3.7 International Law Association Draft Convention on State immunity, Report of the 60th Conference, Montreal, 29 August - 4 September 1982, pp. 5-10, Resolution No. 6: State Immunity ; 22 ILM 287 (1983). Draft Convention on State immunity, Report of the 66th Conference, Buenos Aires, 14-20 August 1994. Final Report of the ILA Committee on Formation of Customary (General) International Law, London, 2000, to be found at the ILA website: http://www.ila-hq.org/en/committees/index.cfm/cid/30. 3.8 Institute of International Law International Regulation of the jurisdiction of courts relating to process against sovereign States and foreign heads of State, Hamburg, 11 September 1891. Resolution on immunity of foreign States in relation to jurisdiction and enforcement, Aixen-Provence, 1954, Annuaire de l Institut de Droit International, 1954, Vol. 45, pp. 293-294. Also to be found at: http://www.idi-iil.org/idif/resolutionsf/1954_aix_02_fr.pdf. Resolution on Contemporary Problems Concerning the Immunity of States in Relation to Questions of Jurisdiction and Enforcement, Basel, 1991, Annuaire de l Institut de Droit International, 1991, Vol. 64-1, pp. 84-89. Also to be found at: http://www.idiiil.org/idie/resolutionse/1991_bal_03_en.pdf. 538