Global Journal of Management and Business Studies. ISSN 2248-9878 Volume 3, Number 11 (2013), pp. 1247-1252 Research India Publications http://www.ripublication.com/gjmbs.htm International Organization Development Treaties in World Research Scholar Dos in Political Science and Public Administration University of Mysore, Manasagangothri, Karnataka. Abstract International organization which is the hope and conscience of the world. The name United Nations was devised by President Franklin D. Roosevelt and was first used in the Declaration by United Nations on 1 st Jan. 1942, during the Second World War, when representative of 26 nations pledged their Governments to continue fighting together against the axis Power. The United Nations is the hope and conscience of the world, more especially of the smaller nations and among its 192 members. It is the association of States which have pledged themselves to maintain international peace and security and co-operation in solving international political, economic, social, cultural and humanitarian problems towards achieving this end. 1. Introduction: The United Nations Charter, the constituting instrument of the UN, was drawn up by the representatives of 50 countries at the United Nations Conference on International Organization, which met in San Francisco from 25 April to 26 June 1945. Those delegates deliberated on the basis of proposal worked out by the representatives of China, the Soviet Union, the Unite Kingdom and the United States at Dumbarton Oaks [Washington, DC] from 21 Aug. to 28 sep. 1945, by the representatives of the 50 countries. Poland, which was not represented at the Conference, signed it later and became one of the original 51 Member States. The United Nations officially came into existence on 24 Oct. 1945, with the deposit of the requisite number of ratifications of the Charter with the US Department of State. United Nations Day is celebrated on 24 Oct. each year. New Member States are admitted by the General assembly on the recommendation of the Security Council. Tuvalu was admitted in Sept, 2000 as the 189 th member. The Secretary General Kofi Annan and the UN were jointly given the Nobel Prize of
1248 Peace in 2001. [Headquarters: First Avenue, UN Plaza, New York City, N.Y.10017, and USA].Principal Organs of the UN are: General Assembly, Secretariat, Security Council, Trusteeship Council, and Economic and Social Council and International Court of Justice. General Assembly.-The Assembly consists of the representatives of all the member States. Each State has one vote, but may send 5 representatives. The General Assembly meets at least once in a year. It elects its own President and Vice Presidents every year. Security Council.-Security Council consists of 15 members, each of which has one vote. There are five permanent and 10 non-permanent members elected for a 2- year term by a two-third majority of the General Assembly. The permanent members have the power to veto any move. Retiring members are not eligible for immediate reelection. The Presidency of the Security Council is held for one month in rotation by the member States in the English alphabetical order of their names.permanent Members: China, France, Russia, UK, USA. Non-permanent Members: Burkina Faso, Costa Rica, Croatia, Libya, Vietnam The expansion of the Security Council to include new powers such as India, Germany and Japan as permanent members has been suggested by various member States for the Security Council. Economic and Social Council.-The Economic and social council [54 members] is responsible under the General Assembly for carrying out the functions of the United Nations with regard to international economic, social, cultural, educational, health and related matters. The Council s Regional Economic Commissions: ECE [Economic Commission for Europe, Geneva]; ESCAP [Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific, Bangkok]; International Court.-The International Court of Justice was created by an International Treaty, the Statute of the court, which forms an integral part of the United Nations Charter. All members of the United Nations are ipso facto parties to the Statute: The Peace Palace, 2517 KJ The Hague, Netherlands. United Nations Development Programme-United Nations Development Programme [UNDP] is the world s largest agency for multilateral, technical and preinvestment co-operation. It is the funding sources for most of the technical assistance provided by the United Nations system. United Nations Children s Fund.-United Nations Children s Fund (UNICEF), established in 1946 as United Nations International Children s Emergency Fund to deliver post-war relief to children, now concentrates its assistance on development activities aimed at improving the quality of life for children and mothers in developing countries. The UN Fund for Population Activities.-The UN Fund for population activities [UNFPA], established in 1969, carries out programmes in over 130 countries and territories. The Fund s aims are to build up capacity to respond to needs in population and family planning. UN Environment Programme (UNEP).-Established in 1972, it works to encoureage sustainable development through sound environmental practices.
International Organization Development Treaties in World 1249 [Executive Director: Achim Steiner (Germany)].High Commissioner for Human Rights.-The post was established in 1993. The Commission has 53 members. [High Commissioner: Antonio Guterres (Portugal) and High Commisioner: Navanethem Pillay (South Africa)]. United Nations Industrial Development Organization.-United Nations Industrial Development Organization [UNIDO] provides developing and underdeveloped countries with advice on all aspects of industrial policy. Converted into a Specialized Agency of UN in 1985. Food and Agriculture Organization [FAO].-The UN Conference on Food and Agriculture in May 1943, at Hot Springs, Virginia, set up an Interim Commission in Washington in July 1943 to plan the FAO, which came into being on 16 th October 1945. Sponsors the World Food Programme. United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization [UNESCO]. A conference for the establishment of an Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization of the United Nations was convened by the Government of the UK in association with the Government of France, and met in London, 1 to 16 Nov. 1945. UNESCO came into being on 4 Nov. 1946. World Health Organization [WHO].- An International Conference, convened by the UN Economic and Social Council, to consider a single health organization resulted in the adoption on 22 July 1946 of the Constitution of the WHO. [HQ: Avenue Appia 20, CH-1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland.]. International Labour Organization.-International Labour Organization [ILO] established in 1919 as an autonomous part of the League of Nations, is an intergovernmental agency with a tripartite structure, in which representatives of governments, employers and workers participate. In 1969 the organization won the Nobel Peace Prize. Has 183 members. [HQ: International Labour Office, Ch-1211, Geneva 22, Switzerland. International Fund for Agricultural Development [IFAD].-The agency began its operations in Dec 1977. [HQ: 107 Via Del Serafico, Rome 00142, Italy. 2. International Organizations African Union. Organization of African Unity [OAU] came into being in May 1963. Its chief objectives are unity and solidarity among African States, elimination of colonialism and defence of the independence of member States. OAU has 53 members States. Arab League. The League of Arab States, or Arab League, is a voluntary association of countries whose peoples are mainly Arabic speaking. It was formally instituted on March 22, 1945. The League considers itself a regional organization within the framework of the UN at which its Secretary-General is an observe. Asia-Pacific Economic Co-Operation. Members (21): Australia, Brunei, Canada, Chile, China, Hong Kong, Indonesia, Japan, Malayasia, Mexico, New Zealand, Papua
1250 New Guinea, Peru, Philippines, Russia, Singapore, South Korea, Taiwn, Tailand, the U.S. and Vietnam. BRIC.-BRIC is an acronym that refers to the fast growing developing economies or Brazil, Russia, India, and China. The acronym was first coined and prominently used by Goldman Sachs in 2001. Goldman Sachs argued that, since they are developing rapidly, by 2050 the combined economies of the BRICs could eclipse the combined economies of the current richest countries bined, currently account for more than a quarter of the would s land area and more than 40% of the world s population.on June 16, 2009 the leaders of the BRIC countries held their first summit in Yekateringburg, and issued a declaration calling for the establishment of a multi polar world order. Commonwealth of Independent States.-Commonwealth of Independent States [CIS], created Dec. 1991 upon the disbanding of the Soviet Union. It is made up of 12 of the 15 former Soviet constituent republics. Members in 1995 were Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova, Russia, Tajkistan, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, and Uzbekistan. The capital of the commonwealth is Minsk, Belarus. The Commonwealth.-Formerly known as the British Common wealth of Nations, the Commonwealth is dissocaition of former British colonies, dependencies and other territories and Mozambique, which has no historical ties to Britain.The Commonwealth has no Constitution or Charter, but the heads of Government of its Member States hold Meetings [CHOGM] every two year to discuss issues of common interest. [Founded: 1931, Members: 53 States, HQ (Secretariat) Marlborough House, Pall Mall, and London. G-20: The G-20 [more formally, the Group of Twenty Finance Ministers and Central Bank Governors] is a group of finance ministers and central bank governors from 20 economies: 19 of the world s largest national economies, plus the European Union (EU). Collectively, the G-20 economies comprise 85% of global gross national product, 80% of world trade [including EU intra trade] and two-thirds of the world population. The G-20 operates without a permanent Secretariat or staff. The chairrotates annually among the members and is selected from a different regional grouping of countries. There are 20 members of the G-20. These include the finance ministers and central bank governors of 19 countries. Argentina. Australia, Brazil, Canada, china, France, Germany, India, Indonesia, Italy, Japan, Mexico, Russia, Saudi Arabia, South Africa, South Korea, Turkey, United Kingdom, United States. The 20 th member is the European Union, which is represented by the rotating Council presidency and the European Central Bank. International Monetary Fund [IMF]: The International Monetary Fund was established on 27 Dec. 1945 as an independent international organization and began operation on 1 March 1947. The IMF aims to preserve economic stability and to tackle-or ideally prevent- financial crises. Over time, its focus has switched to the developing world.
International Organization Development Treaties in World 1251 North Atlantic Treaty Organization [NATO]: Members (28): Albania, Belgium, Bulgaria, Canada, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Turkey, United Kingdom, United States. Formed in 1949 to counter the threat of post-war communist expansion as the Soviet Union sought to extend its influence in Europe. NATO is the world s most powerful regional defence alliance. South Asian Association for Regional Co-operation: South Asian Association for Regional Co-operation [SAARC], comprises India, Maldives, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Bhutan and Nepal. It was launched following the Dacca Summit in early December 1985. World Trade Organization: [WTO] The World Trade Organization [WTO] is an international body whose purpose is to promote free trade by persuading countries to abolish import tariffs and other barriers. As such, it has become closely associated with globalization. Based in Geneva, the WTO was set up in 1995, replacing another international organization known as the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade [GATT]. The WTO has a much broader scope than GATT regulated trade in merchandise goods, the WTO also covers trade in services, such as telecommunication and banking and other issues such as intellectual property rights. Non-Governmental Organizations: Amnesty International. A world-wide human rights organization, established on May 28, 1961 with a newspaper appeal by the British lawyer Peter Berenson. Now it has more than 11, 00,000 members in more than 150 countries with 6000 local groups in 70 countries in Africa, the America, Asia, Europe and the Middle East. It won the Nobel Prize for Peace in 1977. [International Secretariat: 99-119 Rosebery Avenue, London, EC1R 3RE, UK. Red Cross: International Society for relief of suffering in time of war or disaster. International Committee or Red Cross was founded [1863] on advocacy of J.H.Dunant (1828-1910). Delegates from 14 countries adopted Geneva Convention [1864], providing for neutrality of personnel treating wounded etc. Over 100 national Red Cross societies now exist. Awarded Nobel Peace Prize (1917, 1944, and 1963). 3. Conclusion This a worldwide organized movement for young people started by an Englishman. He gave boys and girls out-door skills which he had illustrated well in his book explaining scouting, tracking and mapmaking skills. The movement s goals include encouraging good character, loyalty to God and country, service to other people and physical and mental fitness. Be Prepared is the slogan. There are thousands of languages in the world, but most of them have few speakers compared with the major tongues. Some experts predict that between 50 and 90 percent of the world s languages will become extinct this century. Languages need at least 100,000 speakers to survive.
1252 Reference [1] http://www.icj-cij.org: - [2] http//www.un.org:- [3] http://www.unido.org Director-General- [4] http://www.unesco.org. [5] http://www.who.int [6] http://www.ilo.org- [7] http://www.imf.org.- [8] http://www.nato.int- :http://www.wto.int.