Estimated Internally Displaced and Refugee People & Children in MENA

UNICEF MENA Humanitarian Needs Overview and Response Q3 2018

Estimated Internally Displaced and Refugee People & Children in MENA

Humanitarian Needs MENA HAC 2016, 2017 & 2018 (Including Host Communities) 90.0 80.0 70.0 60.0 50.0 40.0 30.0 20.0 10.0 0.0 13.5 20.7 22.2 13.1 21.2 11.0 13.5 10.0 8.7 People in Need (millions) 3.3 0.7 2.6 2.3 0.6 10.8 1.3 11.6 13.2 4.0 4.8 2.0 1.1 0.3 5.6 5.4 5.5 2.5 0.2 0.7 3.0 2.5 2.4 0.3 Syria Yemen Iraq HRP Lebanon Jordan Turkey Egypt Sudan State of Palestine 72.4 77.3 70.9 Libya Djibouti Total 2018 HAC Targets (People) 82,000,000 33,036,192 40% 2016 2017 2018 Global MENA 40.0 35.0 30.0 25.0 20.0 15.0 10.0 5.0 0.0 5.8 5.6 6.0 11.3 11.3 9.9 5.1 4.1 4.7 Children in Need (millions) NB: The number of children in need has increased with rising education, nutrition and WASH needs which disproportionately affect children 0.3 1.8 1.8 0.6 0.6 0.3 1.2 4.8 6.7 Syria Yemen Iraq HRP Lebanon Jordan Turkey Egypt Sudan State of Palestine 0.1 1.7 1.3 2.3 0.8 0.4 0.1 3.2 2.6 1.1 1.0 1.0 0.4 0.1 0.1 28.1 35.7 34.6 Libya Djibouti Total 2018 HAC Targets (Children) 48,000,000 17,386,892 36% 2016 2017 2018 Global MENA

Humanitarian Needs MENA HAC 2016, 2017 & 2018 (Including host communities) 75% of people in need in MENA in 2018 live in countries in conflict 30.0 25.0 20.0 15.0 10.0 5.0 0.0 Children in Need in Countries in Conflict (millions) 25.7 25.8 25.1 11.3 11.3 9.9 6.0 5.8 5.6 4.7 5.1 4.1 3.2 2.3 2.6 1.0 0.8 1.1 1.0 0.4 0.4 Syria Yemen Iraq HRP Sudan State of Palestine Libya Total 2016 2017 2018 70% of children in need in MENA in 2018 live in countries in conflict

Key humanitarian needs in MENA in 2016, 2017 & 2018 70.0 60.0 50.0 40.0 30.0 20.0 10.0 0.0 1.3 0.1 1.8 0.2 0.5 0.1 0.0 0.2 0.2 2.4 1.0 1.8 1.9 0.5 0.5 Djibouti Egypt Libya State of Palestine Protection: People in Need (millions) 3.3 3.2 3.2 11.0 10.8 11.1 8.7 3.2 3.3 3.9 8.2 5.4 11.3 13.5 58.4 14.1 12.9 13.5 13.3 Jordan Lebanon Turkey Sudan Iraq Yemen Syrian Arab Republic 2016 2017 2018 54.5 53.4 TOTAL

Key humanitarian needs in MENA in 2016, 2017 & 2018 70.0 60.0 50.0 40.0 30.0 20.0 10.0 0.0 1.8 0.3 2.4 1.3 1.0 0.9 0.3 0.0 0.1 1.8 1.9 1.1 1.4 1.6 1.1 0.1 2.6 2.5 Djibouti Egypt Libya State of Palestine Health: People in Need (millions) 11.0 10.8 8.0 4.3 3.9 5.2 8.5 9.7 7.3 14.8 14.1 16.4 56.3 12.8 11.5 11.3 Jordan Lebanon Turkey Sudan Iraq Yemen Syrian Arab Republic 2016 2017 2018 60.0 TOTAL 55.2 Nutrition: People in Need (millions) 18.0 16.0 14.0 12.0 10.0 8.0 6.0 4.0 2.0 0.0 16.1 12.3 9.8 7.0 4.5 4.4 4.6 2.8 3.0 3.1 2.0 2.2 1.4 1.6 1.0 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.2 0.1 0.1 Djibouti State of Palestine Jordan Sudan Yemen Syrian Arab Republic TOTAL 2016 2017 2018

Key humanitarian needs in MENA in 2016, 2017 & 2018

MENA Out-of-School Children (as result to ongoing crises) 14 million children aged between 5-14 years old are out-of-school, and 7.6 million children currently in school, are at risk of dropping out. In other words, one out of four children are either out-of-school or at risk of dropping out: Although some progress was made in access to pre-primary education between 2005 and 2014, more than half of 5-year-olds remain excluded from education; Around 17% of adolescents (aged 12-14) and an estimated 35% youth (aged 15-18) in MENA are not in school, most of them living in countries affected by crises. Key asks: Stronger partnerships and coordination structures and multi-sectoral responses are required that link education, protection and livelihood interventions at the country level; Multi-year and flexible funds are key factors in ensuring sustained interventions and strengthened systems; Education innovations should be explored that ensure diverse learning pathways and open learning systems for children and youth, improve the lives of the region s most vulnerable children, and give them a chance for a better future. Learning should be recognized, regardless of how and where it takes place.

Children Under Siege MENA has seen a resurgence of siege warfare since 2011. Children are among the most affected and the effects can last for a lifetime. UNICEF estimates that nearly 900,000 children across the region have lived under siege in the last decade. In addition, over 2.6 million children have been subjected to siege-like situations during the same period.* On average, sieges in the MENA region have lasted 24 months. The longest is East Ghouta in Syria which began in April 2013 and ended in the same month in 2018. Siege-like conditions lasted 39 months on average. Examples of sieges/siege-like situations in MENA: Syria: East Ghouta: April 2013-April 2018; Eastern Aleppo City: July 2012-December 2016. Iraq: Mosul: November 2016-July 2017; Fallujah: July 2015-May 2016. Yemen: Taiz: August 2015-Present. Sudan: South Darfur, South Kordofan, Blue Nile: Mid 2011-Present. Libya: Derna: August 2017-Present; Misrata: March-May 2011. Key advocacy priorities: Parties to the conflict must abide by International Humanitarian Law. Parties to the conflict must lift the siege and allow unconditional and sustained access to humanitarian personnel and aid. Parties to the conflict must allow civilians to flee through safe passages and ensure medical evacuations. Parties to the conflict must refrain from indiscriminate and targeted attacks on civilians and civilian facilities. *In the absence of a definition of a siege under international humanitarian law (IHL) this report proposes that a siege consists of three specific elements, based on the inter-agency definition used in Syria. First, the area must be physically surrounded by armed actors who exercise controlover entry and exit. Second, humanitarian assistance is prevented from regularly reaching civilians in the area. Third, the movement of civilians in and out of the area is restricted by besieging forces. Some areas considered in this research do not meet the above criteria, yet share many of the same characteristics and humanitarian impacts with a formal siege. These areas are considered to face siege-like conditions, in which many of the findings below also apply.

UNICEF Health Key Results Against HAC Targets for 2018 (as of September 2018) UNICEF results are based on COs September Situation Report. Total UNICEF result excludes Libya as the national campaign is due in December 2018. Syria s result slightly surpasses target due to cross border response through Gaziantep, Turkey exceeding its target by 117%., noting this indicator is a reparative one and not communitive.

UNICEF Health Key Results Against HAC Targets for 2018 (as of September 2018) UNICEF results are based on COs September Situation Report except for Djibouti which is based on the mid-year Situation Report. Egypt s result surpassed target due to marked improvement of the quality of the free of charge health care services provided in the UNICEF-supported primary health care units (PHUs) which encouraged the Syrian refugee women and children to utilize theses services. This is in addition to efforts exerted by Syrian community health workers to raise awareness of refugee families regarding the available health services provided in the Ministry of Health and Population's PHUs. Turkey s result is pending the launch of the national campaign. Result of the measles campaign in Djibouti will be reported in December 2018 per the quarterly situation update.

UNICEF Nutrition Key Results Against HAC Targets for 2018 (as of September 2018) UNICEF results are based on COs September Situation Report except for Djibouti which is based on the mid-year Situation Report. Djibouti result will be available in December 2018 per the quarterly situation update.

UNICEF WASH Key Results Against HAC Targets for 2018 (as of September 2018) UNICEF results are based on COs September Situation Report except for Djibouti which is based on the mid-year Situation Report. Iraq 3RP s result shows maximum population reached in 2018. Given the services delivered and the mostly stable Syrian refugee populations in camps, UNICEF reaches its annual target within the first few months of each appeal year. Djibouti s result is pending finalization of construction and therefore will be reported in December 2018 per the quarterly situation update.

UNICEF WASH Key Results Against HAC Targets for 2018 (as of September 2018) UNICEF results are based on 2018 September Situation Report. Lebanon s result surpasses target due to UNICEF taking over WASH services from UNHCR and other organizations.

UNICEF Education Key Results Against HAC Targets for 2018 (as of September 2018) UNICEF results are based on COs September Situation Report except for Djibouti which is based on the mid-year Situation Report. Syria s result surpasses target due to the distribution of school textbooks (pending partner verification). In addition, further increases are expected due to the expected large numbers of returns. Iraq HRP s result is low Libya s result is low due to ongoing discussions with the government with progress expected by mid-november 2018. Egypt s result is low due to delays in government s approval of the work plan and shortage of funds. Iraq 3RP s result is pending the formal release of enrolment data by the KRI Ministry of Education.

UNICEF Child Protection Key Results Against HAC Targets for 2018 (as of September 2018) UNICEF results are based on COs September Situation Report except for Djibouti which is based on the mid-year Situation Report. Egypt s result surpasses the target due to the use of a community-based child protection approach, which has proved extremely efficient in reaching out to refugee children, adolescents and parents in urban settings. Highly cost-effective working models have been used wherever possible, such as working through governmental entities like Primary Health Units to deliver child protection services. Syria s result surpassed target as during 2018, UNICEF has responded to three emergencies in Aleppo, Rural Damascus and Dar a which required expanding our intervention and target reach, in order to provide the necessary psychosocial support services to community. SoP s result is low as data collection is ongoing.

UNICEF Total Sector Funding Levels in 2017 & 2018 in MENA (US$) 300.7 678.9 44% 677.6 700,000,000 600,000,000 500,000,000 400,000,000 374.2 128.6 34% 441.8 336.7 76% 383.1 404.9 148.3 39% 326.9 81% 460.4 68% 300,000,000 209.1 98.1 47% 214.9 174.3 81% 200,000,000 100,000,000 0 WASH Health & Nutrition Education Child Protection 2017 Requirement ($US) 2017 Available (US$) 2018 Requirement ($US) 2018 Available (US$) *Funds available include carry-forward from the previous year. 2018 Funding data is per the September Situation Report (Syria and Syrian refugee host countries as of 15 October), except for Djibouti data which is per the mid-year-situation Report. 2017 data is per COs year-end Situation Report.

UNICEF Winter Response Funding in MENA (in US$ million) (2016-2017) vs. (2017-2018) vs. (2018-2019) 90,000,000 82.4 55.9 80,000,000 72.9 70,000,000 60,000,000 33.0 52.3 50,000,000 40,000,000 34.6 20.0 35.8 30,000,000 20,000,000 10,000,000 15.0 19.9 6.9 11.6 13.6 15.1 9.2 10.0 6.0 7.7 8.7 11.2 3.2 12.1 5.2 3.0 3.9 7.5 4.7 7.7 3.0 4.9 3.9 3.3 0.7 1.7 2.5 1.2 0.0 10.0 1.2 1.7 0.2 1.7 3.9 0.9 0.0 2.1 0.5 19.5 As of 27 Nov 2018 0 Syria Iraq Jordan Lebanon Turkey Egypt State of Palestine TOTAL 2016-2017 Requirement (US$) 2016-2017 Available (US$) 2017-2018 Requirement (US$) 2017-2018 Available (US$) 2018-2019 Requirement (US$) 2018-2019 Available (US$)

2018-2019 Winter Response - Planned Reach 2018-2019 Winter Targets

Children reached with UNICEF Winter Responses 2016-2017 Winter 2017-2018 Winter (as of 8 March 2018) 1. In Iraq, UNICEF managed to establish long-term agreements with Turkish suppliers which have brought unit cost down from 47.6 USD per kit to 28 USD per kit, resulting in more children reached than initially foreseen with the funds available. In Syria, more children could benefit from this intervention as initially planned as well, as the unit price of winter clothing kits was lower due to a stronger market allowing for better deals with the suppliers. In Egypt, funding supported an estimated 30,000 refugee and migrant children with psychosocial support activities instead. 2. Distributions of cash-assistance are still ongoing in Turkey and will be completed by 19 March 2018. 3. This intervention has not been prioritized due to a lack of funding. 4. This intervention in State of Palestine has not been prioritized due to the prioritization of another intervention, Hygiene education and e-vouchers for hygiene kits, given a more urgent need in this field. 5. Please refer to footnote 4.

GRAND BARGAIN AND MENA In line with the World Humanitarian Summit and Grand Bargain commitments, UNICEF is working to 1. increase engagement with local actors; 2. enhance accountability to affected populations and 3. enhance preparedness levels and tools. 1. Localization* A landmark package of reforms to emergency aid delivery and financing was agreed at the World Humanitarian Summit in May 2017. One of its most significant pledges was to channel at least 25% of humanitarian aid through local and national actors by 2020 to improve outcomes for affected people and reduce transactional costs. As of Q2 in 2018, UNICEF MENA channeled 41% of funding to local actors. The % of localization at country level ranged from 12% in Egypt to 67% in Lebanon. In 2017, UNICEF MENA channeled 31% of funding to local actors. The % of localization at country level ranged from 9% in Egypt to 51% in Jordan. *The calculation does not take into account supplies procurement for governments, therefore in several cases the % may be higher.

2. Preparedness An in-depth Return on Investment Study conducted with WFP, OCHA,UNHCR and DFID in 2016/17, shows that on average, each US$1 spent early netted more than $4 in future savings, and operational speed in the emergency response improved by nearly 12.8 days across all areas of preparedness studied. In addition, preparedness increased the speed of response by 14 days on average, and demonstrated notable carbon emission savings. However, funding for preparedness actions remains challenging. MENA Regional Office is supporting all 16 Country Offices (COs) on enhancing preparedness by: Providing Quality assurance of all COs Emergency Preparedness plans by the RO EPP WG (operations and programmes). Supporting COs on risk-analysis, including conflict analysis; Training UNICEF staff, partners and Government counterparts (e.g. Iranian National Disaster Management Organization) on scenarios setting, contingency planning and child-focused preparedness actions; Supporting COs in the development of contingency plans on specific risks (e.g. AWD/cholera, polio) or geographic areas (e.g. Hodeidah, Derna, Jebel Marra, etc.); Participating in running Inter-Agency simulations (e.g. Palestine). Following the onboarding on the emergency preparedness platform (EPP) the MENA region achieved the following key results: Highest average score (89.6%) on compliance with minimum preparedness standards (MPS). Full COs compliance expected by Q1 2019. Highest readiness in cash interventions (4.3) with plans to expand cash preparedness efforts in emergency countries underway. In 2018, the Regional Office worked to update the profiles of the Regional Rapid Response Mechanism (RRRM) and ensure that the roster members have the trainings in place to be deployed to an Emergency Duty station (e.g. SSAFE training and UNICEF training on Fundamentals of Humanitarian Action).

MENA Risks vs. Level of Preparedness

3. Accountability to Affected Populations (AAP) In line with the Grand Bargain commitments around a participation revolution, the MENA Regional Office is working to strengthen the Accountability to Affected Populations in COs programmes. Examples include: Provision of training and technical assistance to COs on how strengthen AAP throughout the humanitarian programme cycle. Development and update of an AAP compendium of best practices from the region. The document was produced in 2017 and the update is ongoing for dissemination to COs upon completion in Q4 2018. Delivery of a dedicated session on AAP during the 2018 Humanitarian Network Meeting, the C4D Network Meeting and the DROPS meeting including guidance on how to operationalize AAP at CO level. Conduct of targeted training and technical assistance to Sudan and Libya COs on how to strengthen AAP in key programmatic products (e.g. the Programme Documents for Partners, sector assessment tools and monitoring frameworks).

Millions Top 20 MENA Donors from 2014-2018 (ORR & ORE) in million USD 2,500.0 1,046 2,000.0 1,500.0 723 521 1,000.0 432 409 340 500.0 213 190 170 147 126 92 78 73 70 62 61 56 55 49 0.0 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Grand Total * WB funding mainly covers Yemen. UNOCHA funding = CERF.

MENA Humanitarian Funding Targets and Budgets Required vs. Available Funds (2017) 2017 funding is based on countries year-end Situation Reports. Funds available include carry-forward from the previous year

MENA Humanitarian Funding Targets and Budgets Required vs. Available Funds (2018) Funds available include carry-forward from the previous year. 2018 Funding data is per the September Situation Report (Syria and Syrian refugee host countries as of 15 October), except for Djibouti data which is per the mid-year-situation Report. Djibouti: 68% of the total funds mobilized for Djibouti s 2018 emergency response is linked to cyclone Sagar response not flexible enough to cover most of the initial needs expressed in the 2018 HAC appeal, therefore showing over-mobilization against the HAC while in reality 68% of funds mobilized are earmarked for the cyclone response. Yemen: Funds available include cross-sectoral costs which are vital to support programming in a high-cost operating environment such as Yemen; costs include security, field operations, monitoring, communications and visibility. Additional resources are also mobilized to strengthen social protection, WASH and health systems for short- and long-term needs, including those arising from humanitarian situations. This includes the Emergency Cash Transfer programme, mitigating the impact on communities of humanitarian and non-humanitarian shocks.

MENA Humanitarian Funding (2012-2018) (in US$) 4,500,000,000 4,000,000,000 3755.8 3813.0 3,500,000,000 3501.3 3193.0 3,000,000,000 2598.3 2,500,000,000 2,000,000,000 1,500,000,000 1,000,000,000 500,000,000 0 2036.3 1961.3 1877.1 1714.1 1534.0 1407.3 1308.9 1611.9 1512.7 1481.1 21% 12% 27% 653.9 1067.5 24% 321.7 733.3 44% 338.3 122.2 48% 62% 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Global HAC Requirement (US$) Requirement ($ millions) Available ($ millions) Gap% % of MENA HAC requirement vs. Global HAC appeal: 21% in 2012; 35% in 2013; 37% in 2014; 54% in 2015; 54% in 2016; 54% in 2017 and 51% in 2018. Funds available include carry-forward from the previous year. 2018 Funding data is per the September Situation Report (Syria and Syrian refugee host countries as of 15 October), except for Djibouti data which is per the mid-year-situation Report. 68% of the total funds mobilized for Djibouti s 2018 emergency response is linked to cyclone Sagar response not flexible enough to cover most of the initial needs expressed in the 2018 HAC appeal, therefore showing over-mobilization against the HAC while in reality 68% of funds mobilized are earmarked for the cyclone response. Previous years data is per COs year-end Situation Report.

MENA Humanitarian Funding HAC (2012-2018) (Total yearly funds received in US$) 1000.0 900.0 800.0 700.0 600.0 500.0 400.0 300.0 200.0 100.0 0.0 Syrian Refugees Syria Yemen Iraq HRP Sudan State of Palestine Libya Djibouti 2012 15,284,801 9,399,647 41,336,752 0 36,117,778 17,124,986 0 2,979,351 2013 168,932,328 84,782,201 26,680,123 0 41,223,145 14,668,000 0 2,050,000 2014 369,810,000 124,810,000 41,500,000 141,389,464 41,815,122 10,900,000 0 3,086,914 2015 619,500,000 172,530,000 143,900,000 56,200,000 43,450,000 28,800,000 1,200,000 1,870,000 2016 899,400,000 242,500,000 146,857,453 138,100,000 55,876,128 20,500,000 9,240,000 266,832 2017 933,666,125 211,530,171 245,230,537 149,099,862 47,406,032 15,479,006 8,718,063 752,780 2018 666,389,820 190,777,434 477,203,129 71,634,494 43,761,725 15,274,855 14,314,846 1,733,962 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Funds available include carry-forward from the previous year. 2018 Funding data is per the September Situation Report (Syria and Syrian refugee host countries as of 15 October), except for Djibouti data which is per the mid-year-situation Report. 68% of the total funds mobilized for Djibouti s 2018 emergency response is linked to cyclone Sagar response not flexible enough to cover most of the initial needs expressed in the 2018 HAC appeal, therefore showing over-mobilization against the HAC while in reality 68% of funds mobilized are earmarked for the cyclone response. Previous years data is per COs year-end Situation Report.

UNICEF Humanitarian Funding Levels (2012-2018) (in US$) 400,000,000 350,000,000 300,000,000 250,000,000 200,000,000 150,000,000 100,000,000 50,000,000 0 Syria (UNICEF is 10% of the 2018 HRP budget) 349.6 316.7 319.8 279.2 194.0 242.5 110.5 211.5 23% 190.8 39% 44.1 129.0 40% 113.0 84.8 54% 9.4 23% 42% 2012 79% 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Requirement ($ millions) Available ($ millions) % Gap 2018 Data as of 15 October. Syrian Refugees (UNICEF is 22% of the 2018 3RP budget) 1,200,000,000 1,000,000,000 856.5 1048.6 951.8 800,000,000 600,000,000 400,000,000 200,000,000 0 624.3 570.3 899.4 933.7 0% 11% 360.2 666.4 30% 454.8 74.9 363.7 27% 168.9 36% 15.3 53% 2012 80% 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Requirement ($ millions) Available ($ millions) % Gap 2018 Data as of 15 October.

UNICEF Humanitarian Funding Levels (2012-2018) (in US$) Yemen (UNICEF is 14% of the 2018 HRP budget) 600,000,000 424.0 500,000,000 339.0 400,000,000 300,000,000 182.6 180.0 477.2 3% 200,000,000 80.8 81.3 65.0 245.2 28% 100,000,000 143.9 146.9 21% 18% 0 41.3 26.7 41.5 2012 2013 49% 67% 2014 36% 2015 2016 2017 2018 Requirement ($ millions) Available ($ millions) % Gap 2018 Data as of September. 350,000,000 300,000,000 250,000,000 200,000,000 150,000,000 100,000,000 50,000,000 0 Iraq HRP (UNICEF is 18% of the HRP budget) 319.4 179.2 160.0 161.4 141.4 101.2 56% 56.2 65% 138.1 149.1 23% 8% 71.6 13% 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Requirement ($ millions) Available ($ millions) % Gap 2018 Data as of September.

UNICEF Humanitarian Funding Levels (2012-2018) (in US$) 50,000,000 45,000,000 40,000,000 35,000,000 30,000,000 25,000,000 20,000,000 15,000,000 10,000,000 5,000,000 0 State of Palestine (UNICEF is 5% of the 2018 HRP budget) 47.2 41.9 37.3 27.3 24.5 25.8 15.4 28.8 23% 20.5 15.3 17.1 14.7 51% 15.5 41% 0% 10.9 37% 46% 77% 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Requirement ($ millions) Available ($ millions) % Gap 2018 Data as of September. Libya (UNICEF is 6% of the 2018 HRP budget) 25,000,000 20,000,000 19.3 15.0 20.2 15,000,000 10,000,000 5,000,000 0 14.3 32% 1.3 9.2 8.7 52% 42% 1.2 2015 8% 2016 2017 2018 Requirement ($ millions) Available ($ millions) % Gap 2018 Data as of September.

UNICEF Humanitarian Funding Levels (2012-2018) (in US$ mln) 2018 Data as of 30 June; 68% of the total funds mobilized for Djibouti s 2018 emergency response is linked to cyclone Sagar response not flexible enough to cover most of the initial needs expressed in the 2018 HAC appeal, therefore showing over-mobilization against the HAC while in reality 68% of funds mobilized are earmarked for the cyclone response. 140,000,000 120,000,000 100,000,000 80,000,000 60,000,000 40,000,000 20,000,000 0 Sudan (UNICEF is 11% of the 2018 HRP budget) 116.9 116.9 115.1 98.1 102.2 96.5 66.6 55.9 36.1 41.2 43.5 52% 47.4 43.8 41.8 63% 38% 59% 63% 51% 62% 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Requirement ($ millions) Available ($ millions) % Gap 2018 Data as of September. 9,000,000 8,000,000 7,000,000 6,000,000 5,000,000 4,000,000 3,000,000 2,000,000 1,000,000 0 Djibouti (UNICEF is 4% of the 2017 HRP budget) 8.4 8.0 5.0 5.6 3.5 1.6 1.5 3.0 3.1 38% 1.9 2.1 1.7 64% 67% 0.8 74% 0.3 0% 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 54% 2018 92% Requirement ($ millions) Available ($ millions) % Gap