Pilot projects for emission-free cities COP24, 10 December 2018 Dr. Shritu Shrestha Wuppertal Institute for Climate, Environment and Energy This project has received funding from the [European Union s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreementno 723970
Take an integrated approach and focus on the climate change mitigation and the creation of synergies across key policy objectives Urban Pathways Urban Electric Mobility Initiative Develop pilot projects and implementation concepts for key urban sectors to deliver on the New Urban Agenda, the SDGs and the Paris Agreement Supported by the International Climate Initiative and the European Union This project has received funding from the [European Union s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreementno 723970 www.uemi.net www.urban-pathways.org 2
20+ partner cities 3
Cities today occupy only about 2% of the total land, but: Cities and Emission THE TRANSPORT SECTOR A major contributor to global anthropogenic CO 2 emissions Transport is: responsible for 23% of CO2 emissions GLOBAL ANTHROPOGENIC EMISSIONS 38 GtCO 2 TRANSPORT EMISSIONS 8.8 GtCO 2 4.6% 10.6 % ROAD TRANSPORT EMISSIONS 6.5 GtCO 2 road transport (incl. freight) is responsible for around 74% of these emissions Other 77% Transport 23% 7 3.9% Transport 23% 46.5% 53.5% personal automobiles: more than 50% 10.9 % LEGEND RAIL AVIATION ROAD MARINE HEAVY-DUTY VEHICLES LIGHT-DUTY VEHICLES Source: (Kodjak, 2015) 4
Air quality Fossil fuel vehicles emit carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen oxides (NOx), particulate matter (PM), nonmethane hydrocarbons (HC), sulphur oxides and airborne toxins Particulate matter (PM) is responsible for premature deaths The vast majority of negative health impacts from fossil fueled vehicle activity occur in India, China, Brazil, Mexico, and the countries in the Asia-Pacific, Latin America, Middle East, and Africa. Global premature deaths from light- and heavy-duty vehicle exhaust PM2.5 (ICCT, 2014) 5
BRT in Mexico Trolley bus in Zürich Low carbon mobility solutions Examples Bicycle sharing in Berlin Alternative fuel Cycle-rickshaw in Agra Car-sharing Smart apps CNG Tuk-Tuk in Delhi 6 6
Implementation of low carbon solutions Stakeholder dialogue Consideration of wider benefits Coalition building Technical Cooperation Financial Cooperation Support for complementary measures Identification of potential synergies Linkages between policy and infrastructure Bogota 7
Linking policy objectives Linking and packaging policies is vital to generate synergies and co-benefits between measures, including linking GHG reduction goals with other sustainable development goals An integrated policy approach that creates consensus and coalitions among diverse stakeholders and interests 8
Political commitment Political Environment vary by country and change over time Stable politics long term investment decisions by industryand consumer Institutions coordination with key political actors 9
Plan for emission-free cities Dortmund, Germany Urban Green Infrastructure Plans Action Plan Climate Protection Ø Goal: Save 40% CO 2 in 2020 Ø Projects: Renewable energies and energy efficiency Masterplan Mobility 2030 Ø Mobility transition Ø Improve NMT and public transportation Ø E-mobility and charging stations Silicon Dortmund Academic and Economic Network Ø Bring together more than 25 academic institutions Digital Dortmund Digitalization Strategy for a Smart city Ø Digital Economy, Digital Education, Digital City Administration 10
Pilot Projects for emission-free cities EcoDistricts Quito, Ecuador The approach Ø Intersectoral integration Ø Neighbourhood level Ø Replication and scale-up possibilities Ø Community participation The EcoDistricts Design Contest Ø Participatory process Ø 60 neighbourhoods participated Technical support team + Neighbourhood representatives Ø 4 winners Ø Prizes: Technical team: USD 5,000 Neighbourhood: USD 200,000 Results San Enrique de Velasco 46 proposed measures Ø Energy: Photovoltaic panels for public Lighting Ø Mobility: Enhanced NMT network and Intermodality Ø Resources: Green roofs and recycling 11
Pilot Projects for emission-free cities Zones 30 in School Areas Belo Horizonte, Brazil The approach CURRENT SITUATION Ø Safe journey to school Ø Awareness raising Ø Community participation Ø Replication and scale-up possibilities Ø Participatory design Results Cachoeirinha Neighbourhood Ø Increased road safety and walkability Ø Increased numberofchildrenandteenagers that walk and cycle to school Ø Increased modal shift awareness in young generations Ø Enhanced social cohesion in the neighbourhood PROPOSAL 12
Pilot project for emission-free cities Promote E Tuk-Tuk - Kochi, India The approach Ø Replace fossil-fueled Tuk-Tuks into E Tuk-Tuks (taxi) Ø Plans to develop charging stations Ø Business model rent 20-40 E Tuk-Tuk to drivers Result Ø First/last mile services reducing car use Ø Cost effective, faster and zero pollutant Fact and figures Ø E Tuk-Tuk manufacturers in the country Ø Kochi municipality, Kochi Metro Rail limited (KMRL) and Kerala State Electricity Board (KSEB) are active Ø National Policies favouring EVs Image: Aleksandr Zykov/ flickr/ CC BY-SA 2.0 Image: Aleksandr Zykov/ flickr/ CC BY-SA 2.0 13
Pilot project concept for emission-free cities Upscaling E Tuk-Tuk and promote E Minibus - Kathmandu, Nepal The approach Ø Enhance public transport systems Ø Policy Advocacy Ø Awareness raising, Capacity building Ø Business model to leverage the investment Ø Standards for batteries and charging technology Result Ø Promote target to reduce pollution Ø Reduce burden of fuel import Ø Create employment Fact and figures Ø No fuel reserves Ø Major part of electricityhydropower Ø Transport- cause of air pollution and health impacts Ø National Policies favouring EVs 14
E-mobility solutions E-BRT Light Rail E-Mini Buses E-Taxis Pilot project Concept in: Quito, Ecuador Kathmandu, Nepal Montevideo, Uruguay E-Tuk-Tuks E-Cargo Bikes E-Scooter sharing E-Bike Sharing Pilot project Concept in: Kochi, India Kathmandu, Nepal Hanoi, Vietnam 15
Pilot project concept for emission-free cities Municipal waste management - Thimphu, Bhutan The Approach Ø Streamline waste management practice Ø Awareness raising Ø Jobs in green sector Ø Waste to energy (e.g. Biogas) Ø Collaboration with relevant private sector Results Ø GHG mitigation (planned: 34,103tCO 2 between 2019-2030) Ø Avoidance ofmethane release Ø Recovery of useful resource Ø Replicate in 6 other cities Fact and figures Ø Capital city Ø Illegal dumping of waste Ø Waste segregation and disposal problem 16
12/11/18 Factsheets 17
12/11/18 Policy Papers 18
Thanks! Dr. Shritu Shrestha shritu.shrestha@wupperinst.org Division Energy, Transport and Climate Policy Research unit Mobility and International cooperation Wuppertal Institute for Climate, Environment and Energy Neue Promenade 6, 10178 Berlin, Germany wupperinst.org www.uemi.net www.urban-pathways.org