Secondary 4 History of Quebec and Canada June Exam Study Guide LaurenHill Academy This study guide includes: 1. A list of summary questions to guide student s understanding - based on the precisions of learning in the History of Quebec and Canada program. 2. A summary of the social aspects characterizing each time period: 1945-1980 and 1980-Present. Name:
Chapter 3: The modernization of Québec and the Quiet Revolution International Relations 1. What were the two opposing ideologies during the Cold War? 2. How did the Cold War impact government intervention in the North of Canada? 3. How did government intervention in the Arctic impact Inuit communities? Duplessis Era 1. What dates are associated with the Duplessis era? 2. Does Duplessis support economic liberalism or Keynesianism? Explain. 3. Was Duplessis socially conservative or progressive? Explain. 4. What is provincial autonomy? How did Duplessis advocate for it? 5. Describe the role of the Church during the Duplessis era. 6. Which groups opposed Duplessis? What ideology did they defend? How did they share their ideas? Quiet Revolution 1. When does the Quiet revolution begin? 2. What new economic and social measures were implemented under Lesage? 3. How did government intervention change during this time period? 4. Provide examples of how the government became more secularized during this time? 5. Which law was put in place to defend the rights and freedoms of citizens? 6. Which measures were put in place to protect the French language? 7. Why did the French language need protecting? 8. Which new government departments were created? 9. What is the name given to state-owned corporations? 10. Name two cities where Quebec had foreign delegations. Why was this important?
Canadian Federation 1. Identify some federal social programs that were implemented throughout the 1950s and 1960s. 2. What was the purpose of the Laurendeau-Dunton Commission? 3. What federal law was passed in order to address the inequalities between French and English speakers in Canada? Which Prime-Minister passed this law? 4. Why did Trudeau want to enter into constitutional negotiations with the provinces? Neo-nationalism 1. How were neo-nationalists in Quebec inspired by the decolonization movements around the world? 2. How did neo-nationalism different from French-Canadian nationalism? 3. What did the indépendantiste/séparatiste movement advocate? 4. Which political parties defended the interests of neo-nationalists in Quebec? Natural Growth 1. Compare the birth rate in Quebec, before and after 1960. 2. What is the name given to the period of natural growth between 1945 and 1960? 3. How does the birth rate of indigenous populations compare to that of nonindigenous populations in the late 20 th century? New Arrivals 1. Compare the origin of immigrants before and after 1970? How did it change? 2. With the creation of the Ministère de l immigration du Québec, how did Quebec s selection process for immigrants change? 3. How is a refugee different from an immigrant? 4. Which group of refugees were welcomed into Canada during the 1970s? Consumer Society 1. During which time period did Quebec experience a rise in the influence of American culture? 2. How did advertising impact consumerism? 3. Why did consumerism increase during the 1950s and 1960s?
Regional Development 1. What measures were put in place by Duplessis in order to modernize agriculture? 2. Which natural resources were exploited in the Nouveau Québec and Côte-Nord regions? 3. Where, on a map, are the Nouveau Québec and Côte-Nord regions located? Urban Expansion 1. What name is given to the new areas that developed on the outskirts of the cities? 2. What factors encouraged urban sprawl? 3. How was the construction of new infrastructures funded during the 1960s? Feminism 1. What political gains were made by women during the 1960s? When? 2. What law was passed that gave women more economic independence? When? 3. Which law was passed that gave women more sexual and reproductive rights? When? 4. How did women achieve these gains? 5. How did the type of work done by women change during this time period (1945-1980)? Residential Schools in Québec 1. Where were residential schools located? 2. What did students learn in residential schools? 3. How did residential schools impact indigenous languages? 4. Which group was responsible for running the residential schools? 5. Who provided the funding for residential schools? Socio-cultural vitality 1. What did the government do in order to encourage the development of Quebecois culture? 2. Which cultural venues were created to promote the arts? 3. Name some famous Québécois artists from the 1960s and 1970s.
Self-determination of Indigenous nations 1. What change did the government try to make to the Indian Act? Why did it fail? 2. What were the political demands of indigenous nations? 3. Explain the system of governance of indigenous communities. 4. What important gains were made by the Cree and Inuit due to the James Bay and Northern Quebec Agreement? Employer-Union Relations 1. Describe the change that occurred in the unionization of state employees after 1960. Why did this change occur? 2. How did Duplessis react to unions going on strike? 3. Identify one important conflict that occurred between unions and employers. 4. What is the common front? Who participated? What was the government s reaction to the declaration of an unlimited strike? 5. What actions were taken by unions in order to have their demands met?
1945-1960 : The Duplessis Era Cultural (1945-60) Describe clericalism: Describe the influence of American culture in Quebec: An invention allowed for the spread of American culture: Groups in society that opposed Duplessis: Ideology associated with Duplessis opponents: Describe secularism: Explain Duplessis social conservatism Ideology Clericalism Socialconservatism Secularism Americanism Describe economic liberalism: Describe Keynesianism: Attempts at modernization made by Duplessis: Main natural resources being exploited in the Cote-Nord and Nouveau Quebec regions Origin of capital investment: Economic (1945-1960) Economic Liberalism Keynesianism Modernization of agriculture Industries Natural resources Origin of capital Markets Consumerism
Dates of the Cold War: Political (1945-1960) Cold War Two main countries in opposition during the Cold War: Canada s participation on the Cold War: Political party in power: Describe Duplessis reaction of the Equalization system put in place by the federal government: Measure put in place by Duplessis to increase provincial autonomy: Provincial autonomy Equalization system Provincial Income Tax Federalprovincial relations Social (1945-60) Origins of Immigrants: Main factor of population growth: Name of period of population growth: Duplessis reaction to asbestos strike Law passed by Duplessis to control unions: Natural growth Baby-Boom Padlock Law Consumerism Factors leading to the emergence of a consumer society: Territorial (1945-1960) New regions developed during this time: Causes of regional development: Territory Rural/Regional development
1960-1980 : Social (1960-80) Impact of the immigration act in 1967: Impact of the Immigration act in 1976: Change in birth rate after 1960: Factors that explain the change in birth rate: Explain the creation of the Common Front Explain the Rand Formula Changes in level of education of the population Explain the importance Quebec Charter of Rights and Freedoms Role of advertising in a consumer society: Natural growth Birth rate Refugees Consumer society Cultural diversity Level of education Unionization Exodus of Anglophones Reason for the exodus of Anglophones at the end of the 1970s
Economic (1960-80) Change in government spending: Define crown-corporation: Crown- Impacts of nationalization on: State revenue Employment Unionization Corporations Socialism Nationalization of industries Economic Industries that were nationalized: Main sectors of economic growth: Origin of capital investment: Causes of economic recession in the 1970s Relocation of businesses: Goal of James-Bay hydroelectric project recession Natural resources Origin of capital Markets Consumerism Public investment Impact of Bill 101 on businesses in Quebec
Political party that took power in 1960: Political (1960-80) New system of government intervention: Changes made to education and healthcare systems New political party created in 1968: Political leader associated with neo-nationalism: Terrorist organization responsible for the October Crisis Government s reaction during the October crisis Conclusions of the Laurendeau- Dunton Commission : Federal law passed to fix inequalities between French and English in Canada Provincial laws passed to protect the French Language in Quebec: Change made to the legislative assembly in Quebec in 1968 Political gains made by women: Land-claims agreement between the Cree and the government of Quebec: Describe indigenous forms of governance: Provincial autonomy Sovereignty Decolonization Welfare state Land-claims Ancestral rights Selfgovernance Selfdetermination Secularization Constitutional negotiations
Describe neo-nationalism: Cultural (1960-80) Ideology World fair held in Montreal: Describe the counter-cultural movement of the 1960s Examples of Quebecois cultural expression: Measures taken by the government to promote Quebecois culture and identity: Neonationalism Secularism Feminism Counterculture Feminist demands: Forms of cultural expression Territorial (1960-80) Names of new suburbs around Montreal: New infrastructures developed: Consequences of urban sprawl: Law passed to protect agricultural lands in 1978: Suburbs Infrastructure Urban Sprawl Agricultural protection
1945 Task: For each of the historical events below, indicate the year during which it occurred. Then, place the events in their chronological order on the timeline. You may add any other important information on the timeline.
1980 Important events : Newfoundland joins Canadian federation : Asbestos Strike : Election of Jean Lesage : Expo 67 : Creation of CEGEPS : Trudeau s White Paper : October Crisis : Oil Crisis : James-Bay and Northern Quebec Agreement : Election of René Lévesque for the first time : Adoption of Bill 101 Important Time Periods : Baby Boom : Cold War : Duplessis Era (aka the Great Darkness) : Quiet Revolution
Chapter 4: Societal Choices in Contemporary Quebec: 1980 to Our Times Redefinition of the state s role 1. What is neoliberalism? 2. What are some examples of neo-liberal policies? 3. What position does the state take in regards to religion in the public sphere? Indigenous rights 1. What changes were brought about by the Constitution Act of 1982? 2. What was the Oka Crisis? Why is it important? 3. What important agreements respected the ancestral land rights of the indigenous people? 4. What were the objectives of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada? Globalization of the economy 1. What was the objective of Québec Inc.? 2. Why does Canada sign free trade agreements with other countries? 3. What is NAFTA? 4. What are the main export sectors in Canada after the 1980s? Québec s political status 1. What did Levesque mean by sovereignty association? 2. What did Trudeau promise Quebec? 3. Which 1982 act patriated the constitution? What did this mean for Canada? 4. What was the objective of the Meech Lake Accord? Why did it fail? 5. What did the Bélanger-Campeau Commission and the Allaire Report recommend? 6. What was the objective of the Charlottetown Accord? Why did it fail? 7. Why did Quebec have a second referendum on Sovereignty? 8. What did Jean Chrétien do after the second referendum? Sociodemographic change 1. Why is there an increase in the number of people retiring today? 2. What was the objective of the family policy? 3. How has immigration changed after the 1980s? 4. Describe the living conditions of indigenous peoples throughout Québec. Gender quality 1. How do Quebec and Canada try to achieve pay equity? 2. How do Quebec and Canada try to achieve parity? 3. How does work-family balance affect gender equality?
Culture Industry 1. How is culture funded in Quebec? 2. Dissemination of culture 3. Cultural policy Language issue 1. Language of signage 2. Language of instruction 3. Indigenous languages Environmental concerns 1. Monitoring environmental standards 2. Resource exploitation Devitalization of communities 1. Why are single industry towns at risk? 2. Why do local services shut down in devitalized communities? 3. How does devitalization cause migratory movements? What challenges do the new generation of farmers face? International relations 1. How does Canada participate in global discussions? 2. What economic missions has Canada been involved in? 3. What kind of missions does the Canadian army undertake? Information era 1. How has the internet changed the way information travels? 2. What consequences had the 24hour news cycle had on our society?
Social (1980-Our Times) Two reasons for aging population in Quebec: Population Two government measures to raise the birth rate : Diverse immigration Laws and measures to promote gender equality were adopted in respect to: - Family patrimony (1989) - Pay equity (1996) - Gender parity on boards of directors (2006) - work family balance Birth rate Pay equity Gender parity Indigenous population: Increased. Cultural (1980-Our Times) Bill 86: Bill 178: Name of Inuit language: Politique Culturelle (1992): Information society (1990s today): Changed our way of communicating and transformed the way culture is disseminated. Language of signage Language of instruction Disseminate Territorial (1980-Our Times) Oka Crisis 2002 Paix des Braves Environmental agreements signed by Canada: Exploitation of these natural resources have severe environmental risks. 2000: 2002: 2015: Land dispute Natural resources Exploitation Sustainable Definition of sustainable development:
Result of the 1980 referendum on sovereignty association: 1982 patriation of the Constitution Indigenous right recognized by the Constitution Act of 1982 and the resolution adopted in the National Assembly in Quebec in 1985: Two accords which sought to define Quebec s status within Canada after the 1980 referendum: Result of the 1995 referendum on sovereignty: Objective of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada (2008) Political (1980-Our Times) Referendum Sovereigntyassociation Sovereignty Indigenous Ancestral rights Distinct nation Patriation Constitution Economic (1980 Our Times) Consequences of the 1980s recession: The growing public debt led to debates on the funding of: Consequences of neoliberal challenging the welfare state: Free trade agreement signed by Canada, USA and Mexico: Consequences of globalization on Quebec s economy: Consequences of urbanization on rural communities: - Social programs - Budget cuts - Privatization of Crown Corporations - Increased exports - Relocation of factories - Acquisition of Quebec businesses by foreign corporations. Recession Social programs Public Private Free trade Neoliberalism Welfare state Globalization Urbanization Devitalization Quebec Inc.
1980 Task: For each of the historical events below, indicate the year during which it occurred. Then, place the events in their chronological order on the timeline. You may add any other important information on the timeline.
2018 Important events :Referendum on sovereignty -association :Patriation of the Constitution :Recognition of the Indigenous nations and their rights by the Québec government. :Decriminalization of abortion :Oka Crisis :Failure of Meech Lake Accord :Referendum of the Charlettown Accord :Referendum of Sovereignty :Creation of linguistic school boards :Creation of the territory of Nunavut 2002: First civil union of homosexual spouses in Québec :Signature of the Paix des Braves : Recognition of Quebec nation in the House of Commons :United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples 2012: Election of Quebec s first female premier 2012: Student strike