Salutary Neglect Review Presentation WARNING! Do not use this presentation as the sole source for studying! It does visually review the objectives and provide some of the end-of-lesson assessments, but it is intended to be just one of the several resources that should be used. Other Available Resources: Online Practice Quiz Study Guide in the back of the packet Packet HW Questions and Answer Key
Essential Question of Unit: How Can People Change Public Policy? Objective: I will be able to: 1. Define public policy and repeal
Public Policy Private Policy When the government makes laws or rules. When private people or organizations make rules.
If you do not like a public policy, you may try to get it repealed [taken away.]
The Patriot Cause British Public Policy #1 Salutary Neglect British Public Policy #2 Tightening Control Over the Colonies ESSENTIAL QUESTION: How Can People Change Public Policy?
The Patriot Cause British Public Policy #1 Salutary Neglect British Public Policy #2 Tightening Control Over the Colonies ESSENTIAL QUESTION: How Can People Change Public Policy?
PART I: SALUTARY NEGLECT: Background on British Colonial Policy
What Were Great Britain s Colonial Policies Before 1763 and Why Were They So Good? POLICY #1. SALUTARY NEGLECT Objective: I will be able to: Define salutary neglect, representative government, republic, legislature; Explain why Great Britain had always had a policy of salutary neglect with its American colonies; Explain the roles of the colonial legislature; and
Salutary Neglect England lets the colonies rule themselves Great Britain British Colonies
Representative Government (aka: republic ) when people elect representatives to meet and make laws for them. Y all elected us to make laws for you...
By 1700, all of the colonies had the same kind of representative government. They were all little sovereign republics.
Each Colony s Government Consisted of : Colonial Legislature Elected by Landowning White Males Passes Acts of Legislation (Makes Laws) Colonists elected their own representatives to their own colonial legislatures to pass their own laws and taxes.
Legislators meet as a Legislature in order to Legislate Legislation!
Assessment 1. What do we call government policy? 2. What do we call it when people want to take away a policy? 3. The British policy of salutary neglect allowed colonies to? 4. Two reasons why Britain had the policy of salutary neglect: a) b) 5. Each colony s government was a republic or democracy? 6. Representatives elected to make laws are called? 7. The body of these representatives that makes laws are called..? 8. What verb means to make laws? 9. What is the fancy-pants word for an act of legislation?
What Were Great Britain s Colonial Policies Before 1763 and Why Were They So Good? POLICY #2. The Rights of Englishmen Objective: I will be able to: Define Rights of Englishmen, Magna Carta, due process, jury of peers, search warrant, probable cause, Parliament; and Identify and explain three Rights of Englishmen.
Most other European countries had absolute monarchies where the King could do whatever he wanted.
Rights of Englishmen But in England, in 1215 some English noblemen kidnapped the meanie, King John.
And forced him to sign the Magna Carta....Guaranteeing all land-owning Englishmen certain rights (protections from the government.)
THREE RIGHTS OF ENGLISHMEN 1. Due Process 2. Right to Privacy 3. No Taxation Without Representation
But the Magna Cart does not say that these rights exist outside of England. How could the colonists expect these rights 3,000 miles away? Great Britain British Colonies
In order to encourage people to go to America, English kings and queens extended those rights to the colonies in the colonial charters.
1. DUE PROCESS People accused by the government a crime have the right to a trial where a jury of their peers not the government - will decide if they are guilty.
2. RIGHT TO PRIVACY Policemen may not search someone s property without a search warrant, which must: 1. Be approved by a judge, 2. Identify the Probable Cause [reason] for the search, & 3. Identify exactly where the police can search in order to protect the person s privacy.
3. NO TAXATION WITHOUT REPRESENTATION The king may only pass laws or taxes with the approval of the peoples representatives in I dream of taxing fish and chips! Parliament. Not without our consent! Parliament
People: Hey King, if you tax us or try to pass a law over us, you need to ask our permission first. King: How do I go about asking you? People: You can t meet with all of us, so we will elect people to meet as a group and you can ask them. They will represent us in the decision. King: What should we call this group? People: We can call it Parliament because you will parler (French word for speak ) with us to get our permission.
The colonists could NOT send representatives to Parliament. So, how did they have representation in the laws and taxes that they had to obey? Great Britain British Colonies
Colonial Legislature Elected by Landowning White Males Colonists elected their own representatives to their own colonial legislatures to pass their own laws and taxes.
DO NOW as a group on 3x5 card! 1. What are the rights that British subjects enjoyed called? 2. What document created these rights for the British? 3. Which documents extended these rights to the colonies? 4. What is the right to a jury trial called? 5. At the trial, who decides if you are guilty? 6. What document must policemen have to search your house? 7. Who must approve it? 8. What do we call the evidence required to get one of these? 9. Why does it specify what and where the police can search? 10. What must people have when legislation is passed over them? 11. Through which political body do British people get that? 12. Through which political body do British colonists get that?
What Were Great Britain s Colonial Policies Before 1763 and Why Were They So Good? POLICY #3. De Facto Free Trade Sort of? Objective: I will be able to: Explain the difference between official policy and de facto policy? Define free trade, smuggling, contraband, and bribe; and Explain the difference between Britain s official policy (Navigation Acts) and de facto policy (free trade.)
Official Policy If your room is messy, you will be grounded. De Facto Policy If your room is messy, it doesn t matter, because I m not checking. Hence, your room can be messy.
De facto in fact, or in effect, whether officially or not
Official Policy Navigation Acts Trade only with Britain De Facto Policy Free Trade OK, Fine. Trade with whomever you want, I guess.
Smuggling Illegally trading with France, Spain, and the Netherlands
Contraband: Illegally smuggled goods.
Customs Officials: People sent by Britain to inspect cargoes and catch smugglers.
Customs officials are allowed to search every ship entering colonial harbors for contraband. But many look the other way. Why?
Bribery of customs officials British customs officials earned only a modest salary from the Crown.
Bribery Blackmail
Bribery Blackmail When you pay an official to misuse his or her official powers. When someone has a nasty secret about you and promises not to tell if you pay $$$.
If the local customs officer cannot be bribed, then you ll have to secretly unload your contraband somewhere else and store them in basements, attics, or barns.
which cannot be searched without a search warrant.
and who has to issue them?
But even if a colonial smuggler was caught, colonial juries never convicted them why?
Problems Preventing Catching Smugglers: Customs officials easily bribed Search warrants get in the way Colonial juries sympathetic to smugglers In your groups: Choose 2 problems and come up with solutions that Britain could do if it wanted to stop this smuggling.
Assessment 1. What is an official policy? 2. What is a de facto policy? 3. What was the name of Britain s official trade policy? 4. What do we call Britain s de facto trade policy? 5. What do we call illegally trading with other countries? 6. What is contraband? 7. Whom did Britain send to catch smugglers? 8. Why did some custom officials look the other way? 9. What document made it hard for customs officials to find contraband? 10. Why did smugglers never get convicted of smuggling in court?
I. How Did That Colonial Policy Change After 1763? A. French and Indian War (Seven Years War) Objective: I will be able to identify: Ohio River Valley & French and Indian War (Seven Years War;) the war s European participants and Indian allies; the name and date of its peace treaty; and three main consequences of the war for Britain.
It all began in Ohio...
Ohio River Valley -- Is it French or British?
In order to secure their claim to the Ohio River Valley, the French built forts all over it.
King George Wait! The French cannot do that! The Ohio Valley belongs to my Virginia! Gov. Dinwiddie, find someone to tell those those nerds to leave!
French and Indian War (1753-63) Fight For Control of North America Great Britain Allies: Iroquois Confederation France Allies: Algonquin Confederation
Around the world it was called the Seven Years War Why did English colonists call it the French and Indian War?
Treaty of Paris, 1763. Ended the French and Indian War!
Who Won? Great Britain What three things did it win? 1. ALL land East of the Mississippi! 2. French are kicked off the continent! 3. Massive Debt!
Assessment 1. What was the name of the war fought in America that led to a change in British policy? 2. Over what tract of land did the war begin? 3. Who were the two main European fighters? 4. Which Native confederations also fought? 5. What was the name of the peace treaty that ended it? 6. Who won? 7. List two good results of the war for Britain: 8. List one bad result for Britain:
I. How Did That Colonial Policy Change After 1763? B. The New Policies Five British Acts Objective: I will be able to: identify five acts passed by Parliament over the colonies after the French and Indian war; and explain why each act was passed and how it affected colonists.
I. How Did That Colonial Policy Change After 1763? She was in Debt! 1. Avoid Costly Wars to Save Money 2. Raise revenues by levying taxes on the colonists 3. Curb smuggling
So, remember how Britain and her colonists just won the Ohio River Valley.
The British want to avoid costly wars with Native Americans in the Ohio River Valley who attack settlers.
Proclamation of 1763 - Forbid colonists from settling in the Ohio River Valley.
Stamp Act (1765) Tax on official documents and paper goods, such as.
Stamp Act is repealed, and replaced with the.
Townshend Acts (1767) Taxed imported Goods, such as glass, paper, paint, lead, and tea.
How To Force the Colonists to Pay the Tax.. Have the sellers pay the tax in England and just add the cost to final price of the goods. Great Britain British Colonies
Writs of Assistance (1767)
Getting search warrants was the biggest problem for customs officials trying to search private property for contraband.
Writs of Assistance (1767) So, instead of having a specific search warrant, customs officials were allowed to get a general search warrant, called a writ of assistance. A writ of assistance does not need to specify what, where, or probable cause. It can be used whenever or wherever a customs official wants. This will enable customs officials to really put an end to colonial smuggling.
Assessment: 1. List the three new policies of Great Britain designed to get out of debt after the war. 2. How did the writs of assistance enable customs officials to more easily stop smuggling? 3. What did the Proclamation of 1763 prevent colonial legislatures from doing? 4. How would this act help Britain get out of debt? 5. What did the Stamp Act tax? 6. How would this act help Britain get out of debt? 7. What did the Townshend Acts tax? 8. How did the British try to hide this tax?