Buckeye Firearms Association

Buckeye Firearms Association www.buckeyefirearms.org 15 West Winter Street Delaware, Ohio 43015 Dear Gun Rights Supporter, Thank you for downloading Gun Facts. We are making this remarkable reference guide available to you as part of our mission to promote firearm education and grassroots political activism in Ohio. I encourage you to use the facts in this document to support your arguments in debates, write letters to your elected officials, and provide well-reasoned statements to the media. The facts are on OUR side and we all need to refer to them as we seek to protect and advance our Constitutional rights. I also encourage you to support the work of Buckeye Firearms Association. We are Ohio s #1 non-partisan, all-volunteer political action committee, dedicated to electing pro-gun candidates and improving laws for sport, hunting, and self-defense. We played a key role in making Castle Doctine a reality in Ohio; helped make concealed carry legal; helped eliminate the plain sight rule for carrying in a vehicle; supported statewide preemption to simplify the patchwork of local gun laws; endorsed a bill to make it easier to introduce young people to hunting; supported passage of a law that assures that license fees for hunting, trapping, and fishing are used only for conservation and not diverted to political pet projects; and much more. Go to www.buckeyefirearms.org for up-to-the minute news on elections and legislation, a complete voter guide, details on how to donate or volunteer to help put pro-gun candidates in office statewide and in your town. Plus sign up for our free newsletter and access our grassroots action guide! Remember, Ohio is our home. So we re all in this together. We need YOUR help to reform Ohio gun laws and make Ohio a better, safer place to live. Sincerely, James Irvine, Chairman P.S. To sign up for our free newsletter or donate, go to www.buckeyefirearms.org. Paid for by Buckeye Firearms Association, Mary Friscone, Treasurer 15 West Winter Street, Delaware, Ohio 43015

Table of Contents Table of Contents... i Introduction...v Acknowledgements... vi Assault Weapons...1 Myth: Assault weapons are a serious problem in the U.S.... 1 Myth: Every 48 Hours, An Analysis Of Assault Rifles Traced To Crime In Maryland... 2 Myth: One out of five police officers killed are killed with assault weapons... 2 Myth: Assault weapons are favored by criminals... 3 Myth: Assault weapons can be easily converted to machine guns... 3 Myth: Assault weapons are used in 16% of homicides... 4 Myth: The 1994 (former) Federal Assault Weapons Ban was effective... 4 Myth: Nobody needs an assault weapon... 5 Guns in other countries...6 Myth: Countries with strict gun control have less crime... 6 Myth: Britain has strict gun control and a low crime rate... 8 Myth: Gun control in Australia is curbing crime... 11 Myth: Japan has strict gun control and a less violent society... 11 Myth: Gun bans elsewhere work... 12 Myth: The United States has the highest violence rate because of lax gun control... 12 Myth: The United States is the source of 90% of drug syndicate guns in Mexico... 12 Myth: Mexico seizes 2,000 guns a day from the United States... 13 Myth: Thousands of guns go into Mexico from the U.S. every day... 13 Licensing and registration...14 Myth: Other countries register guns to fight crime... 14 Myth: Gun registration works... 14 Myth: Gun registration will help police find suspects... 15 Myth: Registration does not lead to confiscation... 15 Myth: Licensing will keep bad people from obtaining or using guns... 16 Myth: Guns from the U.S. create crime in other countries... 17 Ballistic fingerprinting...18 Myth: Every firearm leaves a unique "fingerprint" that can pinpoint the firearm used... 18 Myth: A database of ballistic profiles will allow police to trace gun crimes... 19 Myth: Ballistic imaging is used in Maryland and New York and solves many crimes... 19 Myth: A ballistic database is inexpensive to create/maintain... 20 Myth: Police want a ballistic database... 20 Microstamping...21 Myth: Independent testing by forensic technologists shows the technology is reliable... 21 Myth: Filing the firing pin will make the gun inoperable... 21 Myth: The cost per firearm will be cheap... 21 Myth: The numbers will let police find the gun s owner... 22 Gun Facts Version 5.1 Page i Copyright 2008, Guy Smith www.gunfacts.info All Rights Reserved

The availability of guns...23 Myth: The availability of guns causes crime... 23 Myth: Gun availability is what is causing school shootings... 25 Myth: Gun ownership is linked to higher homicide rates... 25 Myth: Handguns are 43 times more likely to kill a family member than a criminal... 26 Guns and crime prevention...27 Myth: Private ownership of guns is not effective in preventing crime... 27 Myth: Only police should have guns... 28 Myth: You are more likely to be injured or killed using a gun for self-defense... 28 Myth: Guns are not effective in preventing crime against women... 28 Crime and guns...30 Myth: Guns are not a good deterrent to crime... 30 Myth: Private guns are used to commit violent crimes... 31 Myth: High capacity, semi-automatics are preferred by criminals... 32 Myth: Banning Saturday Night Specials reduces crime... 32 Myth: Criminals prefer "Saturday Night Specials"... 32 Myth: Gun shows are supermarkets for criminals... 33 Myth: 25-50% of the vendors at most gun shows are unlicensed dealers... 34 Myth: Regulation of gun shows would reduce straw sales... 34 Myth: Prison isn't the answer to crime control... 34 Myth: Waiting periods prevent rash crimes and reduce violent crime rates... 35 Myth: Gun makers are selling plastic guns that slip through metal detectors... 35 Myth: Machine guns are favored by criminals... 36 Police and guns...37 Myth: Police favor gun control... 37 Myth: Police are our protection - people don't need guns... 37 Myth: The supply of guns is a danger to law enforcement... 38 Myth: Cop Killer bullets need to be banned... 38 Myth: Teflon bullets are designed to penetrate police bullet-proof vests... 38 Children and guns...39 Myth: 13 children are killed each day by guns... 39 Myth: School yard shootings are an epidemic... 40 Myth: Trigger locks will keep children from accidentally shooting themselves... 40 Myth: More than 1,300 children commit suicide with guns... 41 Myth: Guns in America spark youth violence... 42 Myth: Stricter gun control laws could have prevented the Columbine massacre... 42 Myth: Children should be kept away from guns for their own safety... 43 Myth: More children are hurt with guns than by any other means... 43 Myth: If it saves the life of one child, it is worth it... 45 Accidental deaths...46 Myth: Accidental gun fatalities are a serious problem... 46 Myth: Handguns are unsafe and cause accidents... 47 Myth: Innocent bystanders are often killed by guns... 47 Gun Facts Version 5.1 Page ii

Myth: Citizens are too incompetent to use guns for protection... 48 Myth: Gun accidents are flooding emergency rooms... 48 Myth: "Junk" guns are dangerous and should be banned... 48 Myth: Guns should be made to conform to product liability laws... 48 Concealed carry laws and weapons...49 Myth: Concealed carry laws increase crime... 49 Myth: People with concealed weapons permits will commit crimes... 51 Myth: Texas CCW holders are arrested 66% more often... 52 Myth: CCWs will lead to mass public shootings... 53 Myth: People do not need concealable weapons... 53 Myth: Police are against concealed carrying by citizens... 53 Government, gun laws, and social costs...55 Myth: Gun control reduces crime... 55 Myth: Guns should be registered and licensed like cars... 56 Myth: The Brady Bill caused a decrease in gun homicides... 57 Myth: Gun laws are being enforced... 57 Myth: Federal gun crime prosecutions increased 25%... 58 Myth: The social cost of gun violence is enormous... 59 Myth: The social cost of gun violence is $20-100 billion... 59 Myth: Gun buy back programs get guns off the streets... 60 Myth: Closing down kitchen table gun dealers will reduce guns on the street... 60 Myth: Only the government should have guns... 61 Myth: Safe storage laws protect people... 61 Myth: Local background checks reduce gun suicides... 62.50-Caliber rifles...63 Myth:.50-calibers are the favorite weapon of terrorists... 63 Myth: American gun makers sold.50-calibers to terrorists... 63 Myth:.50-caliber shooters are terrorists in training... 63 Myth: The Founding Fathers would have had no use for a.50-caliber rifle... 63 Myth:.50-calibers are capable of piercing airline fuel tanks from a mile away... 64 Myth:.50-caliber bullets can penetrate concrete bunkers... 64 Myth:.50-caliber Bullets can pierce light armor at 4 miles... 64 Myth:.50-caliber rifles can knock a helicopter from the sky... 64 Myth:.50-caliber guns are for snipers... 64 Assorted myths...66 Myth: 30,000 people are killed with guns every year... 66 Myth: The Brady Campaign has a good ranking system of state gun control laws.... 66 Myth: 1,000 people die each day from guns... 66 Myth: High capacity guns lead to more deadly shootings... 67 Myth: The powerful gun industry stops all gun control legislation... 67 Myth: Access to guns increases the risk of suicide... 68 Gun owners and public opinion...69 Myth: Gun owners are a tiny minority... 69 Gun Facts Version 5.1 Page iii

Myth: People do not believe that the 2 nd Amendment is an individual right... 69 Myth: Most Americans favor gun control... 69 Myth: More and more Americans support stricter gun control... 71 MYTH: People want to ban handguns... 72 MYTH: Most people think guns in the home are dangerous... 72 Gun Control Proponents...73 Politicians... 73 Anti-freedom political activists... 76 The media... 78 The media in general... 79 The American government... 79 Gun Control Opponents...81 The Second Amendment...86 Myth: The Supreme Court ruled the Second Amendment is not an individual right... 86 Myth: The Second Amendment is a collective right, not an individual right... 86 Myth: The "militia" clause is to arm the National Guard... 88 Myth: U.S. v. Cruikshank denied an individual right to bear arms... 89 Myth: U.S. v. Miller said that the Second Amendment is not an individual right... 89 Summary of various court decisions concerning gun rights... 90 Thoughts on gun confiscation...93 Serious questions to ask yourself...93 Miscellaneous statistics...94 Miscellaneous information...94 British crime statistics... 94 Origin of the 2 nd Amendment... 95 Gun Facts Version 5.1 Page iv

INTRODUCTION The great enemy of the truth is very often not the lie: deliberate, continued, and dishonest; but the myth: persistent, persuasive, and unrealistic. -- John F. Kennedy Purpose The goal of Gun Facts is to provide a quick reference guide for civil libertarians on gun control issues. Use Gun Facts when composing arguments for debates, writing letters to editors, emailing to your representatives, and sending statements to the media. The problem Gun Facts addresses is the lack of intellectual honesty by gun control advocates. Over many decades they have presented information to the media and the public that is at best inaccurate and at worst fraudulent. Gun Facts is dedicated to debunking gun control myths and providing citable evidence. Common gun control myths are listed in the pages that follow. For each myth, one or more facts are presented to refute the gun control claim and the source of the information is fully cited. Copyright and free usage information This work is the copyrighted property of Guy Smith. All rights are reserved unless noted below. PDF: The PDF version of this document may be freely distributed providing the document is not altered and that the source is always cited. "Reasonable use" laws apply, which basically means you can use small sections of Gun Facts without my prior consent. Written excerpts may be distributed as long as the URL 'www.gunfacts.info' is identified as the location where the full document may be obtained. Printings: You are also allowed to print this document for your personal reference and/or for distribution without fee (i.e., you can t charge money for copies of Gun Facts). This means if you want to print copies for the media, elected officials, gun shows, friends, etc. you are free to do so. Any distribution in any format must include the entire work. Questions, corrections and suggestions If you need to communicate with the author, send e-mail to guy@gunfacts.info. Your corrections, comments, additions and suggestions are welcomed and encouraged. When providing new information, please cite the original reference in detail publication, title, author, date, etc. This is essential. Sources All sources cited in this work are accurate to the best of my research. I use the most recent data I can easily find. If any more recent data is available (even if it weakens my arguments), I welcome receiving the same. Gun Facts Version 5.1 Page v

Contributions I accept non-tax-exempt donations to pay for the software, hardware, paper and ink used in composing, editing and distributing Gun Facts. If you would like to help, drop by www.paypal.com and send your donations to guy@gunfacts.info. Printed copies A printed copy of the current version of Gun Facts can be acquired online at http://www.cafepress.com/gunfacts ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS My sincere thanks go out to the following individuals or groups for their contributions to Gun Facts: Jim Archer: Jim provided the domain www.gunfacts.info, so people can more easily find this work. Skeff: For handling a bunch of IT work and building the online core of the Gun Facts community. Skip, Michael, Jarrod, Dale, David, Dennis, Neva, Mark, Ron, Chuck, the other Mark, Joycelyn, Jeff, the third Mark, Dan, and Big Gay Al who volunteered to proofread this version of Gun Facts and thus obscured my own inabilities. A special to Kim Grady of Second Amendment Sisters, LLC. who does this for a living and thus spent some nights and weekends working. The Research Volunteers: Over 600 people have registered to help in researching topics and specific items. I cannot list every volunteer, so I thank you collectively. Jason G.: For originally recommending the myth/fact approach, which has proven to be absolutely the right way to present this information. Gun Facts Version 5.1 Page vi

ASSAULT WEAPONS Assault weapon is an invented term. In the firearm lexicon, there is no such thing as an assault weapon. The closest relative is the assault rifle, which is a machine gun or select fire rifle that fires rifle cartridges. 1 In most cases, assault weapons are functionally identical to hunting rifles, though cosmetically similar to military guns. Myth: Assault weapons are a serious problem in the U.S. Fact: In 1994, before the Federal assault weapons ban, you were eleven (11) times more likely to be beaten to death than to be killed by an assault weapon. 2 In the first year since the ban was lifted, murders declined 3.6%, and violent crime 1.7%. 3 Fact: Nationally, assault weapons were used in 1.4% of crimes involving firearms and 0.25% of all violent crime before the enactment of any national or state assault weapons ban. In many major urban areas (San Antonio, Mobile, Nashville, etc.) and some entire states (Maryland, New Jersey, etc.) the rate is less than 0.1%. 4 Fact: Even weapons misclassified as assault weapons (common in the former Federal and California assault weapons confiscations) are used in less than 1% of all homicides. 5 Fact: Police reports show that assault weapons are a non-problem: For California: Los Angeles: In 1998, of 538 documented gun incidents, only one (0.2%) involved an assault weapon. San Francisco: In 1998, only 2.2% of confiscated weapons were assault weapons. San Diego: Between 1988 and 1990, only 0.3% of confiscated weapons were assault weapons. I surveyed the firearms used in violent crimes...assault-type firearms were the least of our worries. 6 1 Department of Defense Small Arms Identification and Operations Guide 2 FBI Uniform Crime Statistics, 1994 3 FBI Uniform Crime Statistics, Preliminary Summary, 2004 4 Targeting Guns, Gary Kleck, Aldine Transaction, 1997, compilation of 48 metropolitan police departments from 1980-1994 5 FBI Uniform Crime Statistics, 1993 6 S.C. Helsley, Assistant Director DOJ Investigation and Enforcement Branch, California, October 31, 1988 Gun Facts Version 5.1 Page 1

For the rest of the nation: Between 1980 and 1994, only 2% of confiscated guns were assault weapons. 7 Just under 2% of criminals that commit violent crimes used assault weapons. 8 Fact: Only 1.4% of recovered crime weapons are models covered under the 1994 assault weapons ban. 9 Fact: In Virginia, no surveyed inmates had carried an assault weapon during the commission of their last crime, despite 20% admitting that they had previously owned such weapons. 10 No one should have any illusions about what was accomplished (by the ban). Assault weapons play a part in only a small percentage of crime. The provision is mainly symbolic; its virtue will be if it turns out to be, as hoped, a stepping stone to broader gun control. Fact: Most assault weapons have no more firepower or killing capacity than the average hunting rifle and play a small role in overall violent crime. 11 Fact: Even the government agrees.... the weapons banned by this legislation [1994 Federal Assault Weapons ban - since repealed] were used only rarely in gun crimes 12 Myth: Every 48 Hours, An Analysis Of Assault Rifles Traced To Crime In Maryland Fact: This claim by Cease Fire Maryland includes firearms never used in crimes. Some examples of firearms traced include: 47 firearms found at private residence of a person who passed-away from natural causes, and which were never used in any crime. Firearms temporarily taken from owners under court Emergency Evaluation Petitions (the firearms were not used in crimes, but the judge wanted them confiscated until other issues are resolved). Myth: One out of five police officers killed are killed with assault weapons 13 Fact: This study included firearms not on the former Federal assault weapons list. Including various legal firearms 14 inflated the statistics almost 100%. Washington Post editorial September 15, 1994 7 Targeting Guns, Gary Kleck, Aldine Transaction, 1997, compilation of 48 metropolitan police departments from 1980-1994 8 Targeting Guns, Gary Kleck, Aldine Transaction, 1997, calculated from Bureau of Justice Statistics, assault weapon recovery rates 9 From statewide recovery report from Connecticut (1988-1993) and Pennsylvania (1989-1994) 10 Criminal Justice Research Center, Department of Criminal Justice Services, 1994 11 House Panel Issue: Can Gun Ban Work, New York Times. April 7, 1989. P. A-15, quoting Philip McGuire, Handgun Control, Inc., 12 Impacts of the 1994 Assault Weapons Ban: 1994-96, National Institute of Justice, March 1999 13 This claim was made by the anti-gun Violence Policy Center in their 2003 report titled Officer Down Gun Facts Version 5.1 Page 2

Fact: Only 1% of police officers murdered were killed using assault weapons. They were twice as likely to be killed with their own handgun. 15 Fact: One 2006 federal government study found zero assault weapons were used to kill cops. 16 Myth: Assault weapons are favored by criminals Fact: Only 8% of criminals use anything that is classified (even incorrectly) as an assault weapon, 17 though less than 1% claimed to use these firearms when committing crimes. 18 Fact: Criminals are as likely to carry single shot (derringer) handguns as they are to carry assault weapons. 19 Fact: Assault rifles have never been an issue in law enforcement. I have been on this job for 25 years and I haven t seen a drug dealer carry one. They are not used in crimes, they are not used against police officers. 20 Fact: Since police started keeping statistics, we now know that assault weapons are/were used in an underwhelming 0.026 of 1% of crimes in New Jersey. This means that my officers are more likely to confront an escaped tiger from the local zoo than to confront an assault rifle in the hands of a drug-crazed killer on the streets. 21 Thoughts: Assault weapons are large and unwieldy. Even misclassified handguns tend to be bigger than practical for concealed carry. Criminals (who, incidentally, disregard concealed carry laws) are unlikely to carry assault weapons. Myth: Assault weapons can be easily converted to machine guns Fact: Firearms that can be readily converted are already prohibited by law. 22 Fact: None of the firearms on the list of banned weapons can be readily converted. 23 14 The study included legal models of the SKS, Ruger Mini-14, and M1-Carbine, which were all in circulation before the federal assault weapons ban and which were excluded from the ban. 15 Law Enforcement Officers Killed and Assaulted, FBI, 1994 16 Violent Encounters: A Study of Felonious Assaults on Our Nation s Law Enforcement Officers, U.S. Department of Justice, August 2006 17 Firearm Use by Offenders, Bureau of Justice Statistics, November 2001 18 Ibid. 19 Ibid 20 Deputy Chief of Police Joseph Constance, Trenton NJ, testimony - Senate Judiciary Committee in Aug 1993 21 Ibid 22 U.S. Code title 26, subtitle E, Chapter 53, subchapter B, part 1, section 5845 23 BATF test as reported in the New York Times, April 3, 1989 Gun Facts Version 5.1 Page 3

Fact: Only 0.15% of over 4,000 weapons confiscated in Los Angeles in one year were converted, and only 0.3% had any evidence of an attempt to convert. 24 Myth: Assault weapons are used in 16% of homicides Fact: This figure was concocted to promote an assault weapons bill in New York. The classification scheme used encompassed most firearms sold in the U.S. since 1987 (center fire rifles and shotguns holding more than six cartridges, and handguns holding more than 10 rounds). By misclassifying assault weapons, they expanded the scope of a non-problem. Passing a law like the assault weapons ban is a symbolic, purely symbolic move... Its only real justification is not to reduce crime but to desensitize the public to the regulation of weapons in preparation for their ultimate confiscation. Charles Krauthammer Syndicated Columnist The Washington Post, April 5, 1996 Myth: The 1994 (former) Federal Assault Weapons Ban was effective Fact:... we cannot clearly credit the ban with any of the nation s recent drop in gun violence. 25 Fact: The ban covered only 1.39% of the models of firearms on the market, so the ban s effectiveness is automatically limited. Fact: The ban has failed to reduce the average number of victims per gun murder incident or multiple gunshot wound victims. 26 Fact: The public safety benefits of the 1994 ban have not yet been demonstrated. 27 Fact: The ban triggered speculative price increases and ramped-up production of the banned firearms. 28 Fact: The ban ramped-up production of the banned firearms prior to the law s implementation 29 and thus increased the total supply over the following decade. Fact: The Brady Campaign claims that After the 1994 ban, there were 18% fewer assault weapons traced to crime in the first eight months of 1995 than were traced in the same period in 1994. However they failed to note (and these are mentioned in the NIJ study) that: 24 Congressional testimony, Jimmy Trahin, Los Angeles Detective, Subcommittee on the Constitution of the Committee on the Judiciary, May 5, 1989, 101st Congress, 1st Session, Washington, DC, US Government Printing Office, May 5, 1989, p. 379 25 An Updated Assessment of the Federal Assault Weapons Ban: Impacts on Gun Markets and Gun Violence, 1994-2003, National Institute of Justice, June 2004 26 Impacts of the 1994 Assault Weapons Ban: 1994-96, National Institute of Justice, March 1999 27 Ibid 28 Ibid 29 Ibid Gun Facts Version 5.1 Page 4

1. Assault weapons traces were minimal before the ban (due to their infrequent use in crimes), so an 18% change enters the realm of statistical irrelevancy. 2. Fewer assault weapons were available to criminals because collectors boughtup the available supply before the ban. Myth: Nobody needs an assault weapon Fact: Recall the Rodney King riots in that anti-gun city of Los Angeles. Every major news network carried footage of Korean storeowners sitting on the roofs of their stores, armed with assault weapons. 30 Those were the stores that did not get burned to the ground, and those were the people that were not dragged into the street and beaten by rioters. You can t get around the image of people shooting at people to protect their stores and it working. This is damaging to the [gun control] movement. 31 Fact: There are many reasons people prefer to use these firearms: They are easy to operate They are very reliable in outdoor conditions (backpacking, hunting, etc.) They are accurate They are good for recreational and competitive target shooting They have value in many self-defense situations Fact: There are many sports in which these firearms are required: Many hunters use these firearms Three-gun target matches Camp Perry competitions, especially the Service Rifle events DCM/CMP competitions Bodyguard simulations Fact: Ours is a Bill of Rights, not a Bill of Needs. 30 Washington Post, May 2, 1992 31 Josh Sugarmann, executive director of the Violence Policy Center, Washington Post, May 18, 1993 Gun Facts Version 5.1 Page 5

GUNS IN OTHER COUNTRIES Myth: Countries with strict gun control have less crime Fact: In America, we can demonstrate that private ownership of guns reduces crime, but from country to country there is no correlation between gun availability and the violent crime rate. Consider this: Crime Rate High Low Gun High United States Switzerland Availability Low Mexico Japan Or, to use detailed data, we can contrast the per capita homicide rate with the per capita gun ownership rate between different industrialized countries (see graph below). Doing so shows zero correlation between the availability of guns and the overall homicide rate. Fact: Countries with the strictest gun-control laws also tended to have the highest homicide rates. 32 Fact: According to the U.N., as of 2005, Scotland was the most violent country in the developed world, with people three times more likely to be assaulted than in America. Violent crime there has doubled over the last 20 years. 3% of Scots had been victims of assault compared with 1.2% in America. 33 Fact:... the major surveys completed in the past 20 years or more provides no evidence of any relationship between the total number of legally held firearms in society and the rate of armed crime. Nor is there a relationship between the severity of controls imposed in % of Households w/ Firearms 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 United States International Journal of Epidemiology, 1998 & Gun Ownership and Homicide Rates Norway Canada Switzerland Finland France New Zealand Australia Belgium Italy Sweden Spain Germany N. Ireland Scotland England/Wales various countries or the mass of bureaucracy involved with many control systems with Netherlands 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Per Capita Homicide Rates Gun ownership rate Homicide rate 32 Violence, Guns and Drugs: A Cross-Country Analysis, Jeffery A. Miron, Department of Economics, Boston University, University of Chicago Press Journal of Law & Economics, October 2001. 33 Scotland tops list of world's most violent countries, The Times, September 19, 2005 Gun Facts Version 5.1 Page 6

the apparent ease of access to firearms by criminals and terrorists. 34 Fact: Switzerland has relatively lenient gun control for Europe 35, and has the third-lowest homicide rate of the top nine major European countries, and the same per capita rate as England and Wales. 36 Fact: Indeed, the Swiss basically have a military rifle in nearly every closest. Everybody who has served in the army is allowed to keep their personal weapon, even after the end of their military service. 37 Contact Crime Victimization Rates Fact: We don t have as many guns [in Australia Brazil] as the United England and Wales 3.6 States, but we use them more. 38 Scotland 3.4 Brazil Canada 3.4 has mandatory Finland 3.2 licensing, registration, Poland 2.8 and maximum Northern Ireland personal ownership Denmark quotas. It now bans France any new sales to Sweden private citizens. Their Switzerland homicide rate is Netherlands almost three (3) times higher than the U.S. 39 USA Belgium Fact: In Canada around 1920, before there was any form of gun control, their homicide rate was 7% of the U.S rate. By 1986, and after Spain Portugal Japan 0.4 2.4 2.3 2.2 2.2 2.1 2.0 1.9 1.8 1.5 1.4 4.1 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 % Victimized in 1999 2001 Dutch Ministry of Justice, Criminal Victimization in Seventeen Industrialized Countries 34 Minutes of Evidence, Colin Greenwood, Select Committee on Northern Ireland Affairs, January 29, 2003. 35 In Switzerland, handguns are obtainable once a person obtains a simple police permit which is valid for six months. Federal law over weapons, weapon accessories and ammunition (weapon law, WG), Federal Assembly of the Swiss Confederation, May 2007 - http://www.admin.ch/ch/d/sr/5/514.54.de.pdf 36 Carol Kalish, International Crime Rates, Bureau of Justice Statistics Special Report (Washington: Department of Justice, May 1988). 1984 data for Switzerland, and the 1983 data for England and Wales. 37 Army rifles remain racked at home, Swiss Defense Ministry statement, May 15, 2004, http://www.swissinfo.org. 38 Chocolates for guns? Brazil targets gun violence, Rubem César Fernandes, executive secretary of Viva Rio, a nongovernmental agency that studies urban crime, Christian Science Monitor, August 10, 1999 39 Homicide trends in the United States, U.S. data: Bureau of Justice Statistics, September, 2004. Brazil data: Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, 2005. Gun Facts Version 5.1 Page 7

significant gun control legislation, Canada s homicide rate was 35% of the U.S. rate a significant increase. 40 In 2003, Canada had a violent crime rate more than double that of the U.S. (963 vs. 475 per 100,000). 41 Fact: Many of the countries with the strictest gun control have the highest rates of violent crime. Australia and England, which have virtually banned gun ownership, have the highest rates of robbery, sexual assault, and assault with force of the top 17 industrialized countries. 42 Fact: The crime rate is 66% higher in four Canadian Prairie Provinces than in the northern US states across the border. 43 Fact: Strict controls over existing arms failed in Finland. Despite needs-based licensing, storage laws, transportation restrictions, 44 Finland experienced a multiple killing school shooting in 2007. 45 Myth: Britain has strict gun control and a low crime rate Fact: Since gun banning has escalated in the UK, the rate of crime especially violent crime has risen. Fact: Ironically, firearm use in crimes has doubled in the decade since handguns were banned. 46 Fact: 67% of those with an opinion believe that As a result of gun and knife crime, the area I live in is not as safe as it was Violent Crime per 100,000 60 55 50 45 40 35 30 U.K. Violent Crime and Firearm Ownership Handgun Ban Year 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 Source: "Criminal Statistics, England and Wales 2000", British Home Office 40 Targeting Guns, Gary Kleck, Aldine Transaction, 1997, at 360. 41 Juristat: Crime Statistics in Canada, 2004 and FBI Uniform Crime Statistics online. 42 Criminal Victimization in Seventeen Industrialized Countries, Dutch Ministry of Justice, 2001. 43 A Comparison of Violent and Firearm Crime Rates in the Canadian Prairie Provinces and Four U.S. Border States, 1961-2003, Parliamentary Research Branch of the Library of Parliament, March 7, 2005. 44 National Report by Finland, United Nations Office for Disarmament Affairs. 45 Pekka-Eric Auvinen shooting in Tuusula, Finland on November 8, 2007. Violent Crime 46 Weapons sell for just 50 as suspects and victims grow ever younger, The Times, August 24, 2007. 475 425 375 325 275 225 Firearm Crime # of Licnesed Firearms # Licensed Firearms Gun Facts Version 5.1 Page 8

five years ago. 47 Fact: Street robberies soared 28% in 2001. Violent crime was up 11%, murders up 4%, and rapes are up 14%. 48 Fact: This trend continues in 2004 with a 10% increase in street crime, 8% increase in muggings, and a 22% increase in robberies. Fact: In 1919, before they had any gun U.K. Violent Crime and Firearm Ownership control, the U.K. had a 550 homicide rate that was 500 8% of the U.S. rate. By 450 1986, and after enacting significant gun control, 400 the rate was 9% practically unchanged. 49 350 300 Fact:... [There is] 250 nothing in the statistics 200 for England and Wales 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 to suggest that either Source: CRIMINAL STATISTICS England and Wales 2000, British Home Office the stricter controls on handguns prior to 1997 or the ban imposed since have controlled access to such firearms by criminals. 50 Fact: Comparing crime rates between America and Britain is flawed. In America, a gun crime is recorded as a gun crime. In Britain, a crime is only recorded when there is a final disposition (a conviction). All unsolved gun crimes in Britain are not reported as gun crimes, grossly undercounting the amount of gun crime there. 51 To make matters worse, British law enforcement has been exposed for falsifying criminal reports to create falsely lower crime figures, in part to preserve tourism. 52 Fact: A continuing parliamentary inquiry into the growing number of black market weapons has concluded that there are more than three million illegally held firearms in circulation double the number believed to have been held 10 years ago and that criminals are more willing than ever to use them. One in three criminals under the age of 25 possesses or has access to a firearm. 53 Violent Crimes per 100,000 Population Firearm Act of 1988 Firearm Act of 1997 47 YouGov survey of 2,156 residents in Sept 2007. 48 British Home Office, reported by BBC news, July 12, 2002. 49 Targeting Guns, Gary Kleck, Aldine Transaction, 1997, at 359. 50 Minutes of Evidence, Colin Greenwood, Select Committee on Northern Ireland Affairs, January 29, 2003. 51 Fear in Britain, Gallant, Hills, Kopel, Independence Institute, July 18, 2000. 52 Crime Figures a Sham, Say Police, Daily Telegraph, April 1, 1996. 53 Reported in The Guardian, September 3, 2000. Gun Facts Version 5.1 Page 9

Fact: Handgun homicides in England and Wales reached an all-time high in 2000, years after a virtual ban on private handgun ownership. More than 3,000 crimes involving handguns were recorded in 1999-2000, including the 42 homicides, 310 cases of attempted murder, 2,561 robberies and 204 burglaries. 54 Fact: Handguns were used in 3,685 offenses in 2000 compared with 2,648 in 1997, an increase of 40%. 55 It is interesting to Offense category note: Of the 20 areas with the lowest number of legal firearms, 10 had an above average level of gun crime. Increase from pre-ban Armed robbery 170.1% Kidnapping/abduction 144.0% Assault 130.9% Attempted murder 117.6% Sexual assault 112.6% Of the 20 areas with the highest levels of legal guns, only 2 had armed crime levels above the average. Fact: Between 1997 and 1999, there were 429 murders in London, the highest two-year figure for more than 10 years nearly two-thirds of those involved firearms in a country that has virtually banned private firearm ownership. 56 Fact: Over the last century, the British crime rate was largely unchanged. In the late nineteenth century, the per capita homicide rate in Britain was between 1.0 and 1.5 per 100,000. 57 In the late twentieth century, after a near ban on gun ownership, the homicide rate is around 1.4. 58 This shows that the homicide rate does not vary with either the level of gun control or gun availability. Fact: The U.K. has strict gun control and a rising homicide rate of 1.4 per 100,000. Switzerland has the highest per capita firearm ownership rate on the planet (all males age 20 to 42 are required to keep rifles or pistols at home) has a homicide rate of 1.2 per 100,000. And to date, there has never been a schoolyard massacre in Switzerland. 59 Fact: the scale of gun crime in the capital [London] has forced senior officers to set up a specialist unit to deal with... shootings. 60 54 42 killed by handguns last year, The Times, January 10, 2001, reporting on statistics supplied by the British Home Office. 55 Illegal Firearms in the UK, Centre for Defense Studies at King's College in London, July 2001. 56 Ibid. 57 Crime and Society in England 1750-1900, Clive Emsley, 1987, at 36. 58 Where Kids and Guns Do Mix, Stephen P. Halbrook, Wall Street Journal, June 1999. 59 Ibid. 60 Associated News Media, April 30, 2001. Gun Facts Version 5.1 Page 10

Myth: Gun control in Australia is curbing crime Fact: Crime has been rising since a sweeping ban on private gun ownership. In the first two years after gun-owners were forced to surrender 640,381 personal firearms, government statistics show a dramatic increase in criminal activity. 61 In 2001-2002, homicides were up another 20%. 62 From the inception of firearm confiscation to March 27, 2000, the numbers are: Gun murders up 19% Armed robbery up 69% Home invasions up 21% The sad part is that in the 15 years before national gun confiscation: Firearm-related homicides dropped nearly 66% Firearm-related deaths fell 50% Fact: Gun crimes are rising throughout Australia after guns were banned. In Sydney alone, robbery rates with guns rose 160% in 2001, more in the previous year. 63 Fact: A ten year study that concluded Australian firearm confiscation had no effect on crime rates. 64 A separate study concluded Australia s 1996 gun control laws found [no] evidence for an impact of the laws on the pre-existing decline in firearm homicides. 65 Myth: Japan has strict gun control and a less violent society Fact: In Japan, the murder rate is almost 1 per 100,000. In the U.S., there are about 3.2 murders per 100,000 people each year by weapons other than firearms. 66 This means that even if firearms in the U.S. could be eliminated, we would still have three times the murder rate of the Japanese. Japan s murder rate may be low, but its suicide rate is over 20 per 100,000 people. Japanese are being murdered and committing suicide at a rate of about 21 per 100,000. In the U.S., our combined murder and suicide rate is about 21 also. 61 Crime and Justice - Crimes Recorded by Police, Australian Bureau of Statistics, 2000. 62 Report #46: Homicide in Australia, 2001-2002, Australian Institute of Criminology, April 2003. 63 Costa targets armed robbers, The Sydney Morning Herald, April 4, 2002. 64 Gun Laws and Sudden Death: Did the Australian Firearms Legislation of 1996 Make a Difference?, Dr. Jeanine Baker and Dr. Samara McPhedran, British Journal of Criminology, November 2006. 65 Austrian firearms: data require cautious approach, S. McPhedran, S. McPhedran, and J. Baker, The British Journal of Psychiatry, 2007, 191:562 66 Japan data: 1996 Demographic Yearbook, United Nations, 1998; US data: FBI Uniform Crime Statistics, 1996. Gun Facts Version 5.1 Page 11

Myth: Gun bans elsewhere work Fact: Though illegal, side-street gun makers thrive in the Philippines, mainly submachine guns which are the simplest to manufacture. Estimates are that almost half of all guns in the Philippines are illegal. 67 Fact: Chinese police destroyed 113 illegal gun factories and shops in a three-month crackdown in 2006. Police seized 2,445 tons of explosives, 4.81 million detonators and 117,000 guns. 68 Myth: The United States has the highest violence rate because of lax gun control Fact: The top 10 countries for homicide do not include the U.S. 69 Country Homicides per 100,000 population Colombia 62 Jamaica 32 Russia 20 Mexico 13 Estonia 10 Latvia 10 Lithuania 10 Belarus 9 Papua New Guinea 8 Kyrgyzstan 8 Myth: The United States is the source of 90% of drug syndicate guns in Mexico Fact: This is an often misquoted data point from the BATFE, who said 90% of the firearms that have been interdicted in transport to Mexico or recovered in Mexico came from the United States. Thus the 90% number includes only the firearms American and Mexican police stop in transport. 70 Fact: The original number was derived from the number of firearms successfully traced, not the total number of firearms. For 2007-2008, Mexican officials recovered approximately 29,000 firearms from crime scenes and asked for BATFE traces of 11,000. Of those, the BATFE could trace roughly 6,000 of which 5,114 were confirmed to have come from the United States. Thus, 83% of the crime guns recovered in Mexico have not been or cannot be traced to America. 71 67 Filipino gunsmiths are making a killing, Taipei Times, May 7, 2005. 68 China Radio International Online, September 7, 2006. 69 United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, Centre for International Crime Prevention, Seventh United Nations Survey of Crime Trends and Operations of Criminal Justice Systems, covering the period 1998 2000. 70 Mexico's Massive Illegal weapons coming from China and the U.S., American Chronicle, March 14, 2009 71 The Myth of 90 Percent, Fox News, April 2, 2009, BATFE data distilled by William La Jeunesse and Maxim Lott Gun Facts Version 5.1 Page 12

Fact: Mexican drug syndicates can buy guns anywhere. For the relatively underpowered civilian rifles coming from the United States, drug runners would pay between 300% and 400% above the market price. Thus they can and are buying guns around the world. 72 Fact: Mexican drug cartels with a $40 billion in annual revenues have military armament that includes hand grenades, grenade launchers, armor-piercing munitions, antitank rockets and assault rifles smuggled from Central American countries. 73 These are infantry weapons bought from around the world and not civilian assault weapon rifles from the United States. Myth: Mexico seizes 2,000 guns a day from the United States Fact: The Mexican attorney general s office reports seizing 29,000 weapons in all of 2007 and 2008, or about 14,500 a year. And that is all weapons, regardless of country of origin. 74 Had they seized approximately 2,000 per day, the total number of seized guns would be closer to 1,460,000. Myth: Thousands of guns go into Mexico from the U.S. every day Fact: In Senate Committee testimony, the BAFTE said the number was likely at worst in the hundreds. 75 For 2007 and 2008, the average for all seizures was closer to 40 per day (29,000/730), only a fraction of which came from the USA by any means. 72 Southwest Border Region--Drug Transportation and Homeland Security Issues, National Drug Intelligence Center, October 2007 73 Drug cartels' new weaponry means war, Los Angeles Times, March 15, 2009 74 The Myth of 90 Percent, William La Jeunesse and Maxim Lott, Fox News, April 2, 2009 75 Senate Committee Judiciary, William Hoover, Assistant Director, Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, & Firearms, March 17, 2009 Gun Facts Version 5.1 Page 13

LICENSING AND REGISTRATION Myth: Other countries register guns to fight crime Fact: Most of these laws were enacted in the post World War I period to prevent civil uprisings as had occurred in Russia. A report of Committee on the Control of Firearms, written by British Home Office officials in 1918, was the basis for registration in the U.K., Australia, Canada, and New Zealand. 76 Fact: Though restrictions were few in the United States and the number of legally held handguns exceeded those on the Canadian side by a factor of ten, rates of homicide were virtually identical. 77 Myth: Gun registration works Fact: Not in New Zealand. They repealed their gun registration law in the 1980s after police acknowledged its worthlessness. 78 Fact: Not in Australia. One report states, It seems just to be an elaborate system of arithmetic with no tangible aim. Probably, and with the best of intentions, it may have been thought, that if it were known what firearms each individual in Victoria owned, some form of control may be exercised, and those who were guilty of criminal misuse could be readily identified. This is a fallacy, and has been proven not to be the case. 79 In addition, cost to Australian taxpayers exceeded $200 million annually. 80 Fact: Not in Canada. More than 20,000 Canadian gun-owners have publicly refused to register their firearms. Many others (as many as 300,000 81 ) are silently ignoring the law. The provincial governments of Alberta, Saskatchewan, and Manitoba have dumped both the administration and the enforcement of all federal gun-control laws right back into Ottawa's lap, throwing the Canadian government into a paper civil war. And all at a cost more than 1,646% the original projected cost 82 (the original cost was estimated at 5% of all police expenditures in Canada 83 ). "The gun registry as it sits right now is causing law abiding citizens to register their guns but it does nothing to take one illegal gun off the street or to increase any type of penalty for anybody that violates any part of the legislation," according to Al Koenig, President, Calgary Police 76 Response to Philip Alpers' submission to the California State Assembly Select Committee on Gun Violence, Steven W. Kendrick, January 2000. 77 American Journal of Epidemiology, Brandon Centrewall, Volume 134, Page 1245-65. 78 Background to the Introduction of Firearms User Licensing Instead of Rifle and Shotgun Registration Under the Arms Act 1983, (Wellington, New Zealand: n.p., 1983) 79 Registration Firearms System, Chief Inspector Newgreen, CRB File 39-1-1385/84 80 The Failed Experiment: Gun Control and Public Safety in Canada, Australia, England and Wales, Gary Mauser, The Fraser Institute, 2003. 81 Standing Committee on Justice and Human Rights, Evidence number 55, June 5, 2003 82 Ottawa Under Pressure Over Gun Registry Fiasco, David Ljunggren, Rueters, December 4, 2002. 83 When Gun Control costs lives, John Lott, Firing Line, September 2001. Gun Facts Version 5.1 Page 14

Association. 84 "We have an ongoing gun crisis, including firearms-related homicides lately in Toronto, and a law registering firearms has neither deterred these crimes nor helped us solve any of them," according to Toronto police Chief Julian Fantino. 85 The system is so bad that six Canadian provinces (British Columbia joins Manitoba, Saskatchewan, Alberta, Nova Scotia, and Ontario) are refusing to prosecute firearm owners who fail to register. 86 A bill to abolish the registry has been tabled (introduced) in the Canadian Parliament, which if passed, would eliminate the registry completely. 87 A Saskatchewan MP who endorsed the long gun registry when first proposed has introduced legislation to abolish it stating that, [the registry] has not saved one life in Canada, and it has been a financial sinkhole absolutely useless in helping locate the 255,000 people who have been prohibited from owning firearms by the courts. 88 Fact: Not in Germany. The Federal Republic of Germany began comprehensive gun registration in 1972. The government estimated that between 17,000,000 and 20,000,000 guns were to be registered, but only 3,200,000 surfaced, leaving 80% unaccounted for. 89 Fact: Not in Boston, Cleveland, or California. These cities and state require registration of assault weapons. The compliance rate in Boston and Cleveland is about 1%. 90 Fact: Criminals don t register their guns. Myth: Gun registration will help police find suspects Fact: Registration is required in Hawaii, Chicago, and Washington D.C. Yet there has not been a single case where registration was instrumental in identifying someone who committed a crime. 91 Criminals very rarely leave their guns at the scene of the crime. Would-be criminals also virtually never get licenses or register their weapons. Myth: Registration does not lead to confiscation Fact: It did in Canada. The handgun registration law of 1934 was the source used to identify and confiscate (without compensation) over half of the registered handguns in 2001. 92 84 Calgary Herald, September 1, 2000. 85 Opponents increase pressure to halt Canada's gun control program, Associated Press, Jan 3, 2002. 86 Victoria won't enforce firearms act, Vancouver Sun, June 06, 2003. 87 An Act to amend the Criminal Code and the Firearms Act, Received first reading June 19, 2006. 88 $2 billion worth of police will save more lives than one gun registry, Garry Breitkreuz, National Post, February 27, 2009. 89 Why Gun Registration will Fail, Ted Drane, Australian Shooters Journal, May 1997. 90 The Samurai, the Mountie, and the Cowboy: Should America Adopt the Gun Controls of Other Democracies, David B. Kopel, 231, n.210 (1992). 91 Gun Licensing Leads to Increased Crime, Lost Lives, John Lott, L.A. Times, Aug 23, 2000. 92 Civil Disobedience In Canada: It Just Happened To Be Guns, Dr. Paul Gallant, and Dr. Joanne Eisen, Idaho Observer, August 2000, Gun Facts Version 5.1 Page 15

Fact: It did in Germany. The 1928 Law on Firearms and Ammunition (before the Nazis came into power) required all firearms to be registered. When Hitler came into power, the existing lists were used for confiscating weapons. Fact: It did in Australia. In 1996, the Australian government confiscated over 660,000 previously legal weapons from their citizens. Fact: It did in California. The 1989 Roberti-Roos Assault Weapons Control Act required registration. Due to shifting definitions of assault weapons, many legal firearms are now being confiscated by the California government. Fact: It did in New York City. In 1967, New York City passed an ordinance requiring a citizen to obtain a permit to own a rifle or shotgun, which would then be registered. In 1991, the city passed a ban on the private possession of some semi-automatic rifles and shotguns, and registered owners were told that those firearms had to be surrendered, rendered inoperable, or taken out of the city. Fact: It did in Bermuda, Cuba, Greece, Ireland, Jamaica, and Soviet Georgia as well. Myth: Licensing will keep bad people from obtaining or using guns Fact: Not in Canada. Canadian homicide rates were virtually unchanged before and after gun registration requirements were implemented (1.8/100,000 people in 1998 and 1.8/100,000 in 2007). 93 Fact: In New York State alone, approximately 100,000 persons are convicted of unlicensed operation of a motor vehicle each year, and this is probably a small proportion of the actual number of people who drive without a valid license. 94 Licensing requirements don t stop ineligible people from driving, and they do not stop ineligible people from acquiring guns. Fact: As long as the unlicensed purchaser is never caught with the handgun, the unlawful sale will go unnoticed. The risk of detection is negligible. If the unlicensed handgun owner is arrested, he could claim that he did not need a license because he had owned this handgun before licensing went into effect. 95 Fact: Currently, federal prosecutors do not eagerly accept felon-in-possession cases for prosecution unless the felon is a hardened criminal who represents a threat to the public. 96 Fact: According to the Supreme Court, criminals do not have to obtain licenses or register their weapons, as that would be an act of self-incrimination. 97 93 2007, Statistics Canada online, Homicide In Canada 1998, Juristat, Cat no. 85-002-XIE Vol. 19 no. 10. 94 Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology, Northwestern University School of Law, 1998. 95 Ibid. 96 Old Chief v. United States: Stipulating Away Prosecutorial Accountability, Daniel C. Richman, 83 Va. L. Rev. 939, 982-85 (1997). 97 Haynes vs. U.S. 390 U.S. 85, 1968. Gun Facts Version 5.1 Page 16

Fact: Prohibition (which started as a moderation movement) didn t keep people from drinking. Instead it turned millions of otherwise honest and sober citizens into criminals, overnight. Fact: Most police do not see the benefit. It is my belief that [licensing and registration] significantly misses the mark because it diverts our attention from what should be our common goal: holding the true criminals accountable for the crimes they commit and getting them off the street. 98 Fact: In 2005, agencies reported 1,400 arrests of persons denied a firearm or permit; but the U.S. Department of Justice accepted only 135 of those denial cases for prosecution. 99 Given the poor performance of the Federal government in prosecuting felons identified by an instant background check trying to buy firearms, there is little to support firearm licensing as a crime prevention measure. Myth: Guns from the U.S. create crime in other countries Fact: Canada, which shares the longest and most open border with the U.S., doesn t think so, saying that guns from the U.S. are a "small part" of the problem. 100 98 When Gun Control costs lives, Bob Brooks, Firing Line, September 2001. 99 Background Checks for Firearm Transfers 2005, U.S. Department of Justice, Office of Justice Programs, November 2006. 100 Globe and Mail, Paul Culver, August 15, 2005. Gun Facts Version 5.1 Page 17

BALLISTIC FINGERPRINTING Myth: Every firearm leaves a unique "fingerprint" that can pinpoint the firearm used Fact: A group of National Research Council scientists concluded that this has not yet been fully demonstrated. Their research suggests that the current technology for collecting and comparing images may not reliably distinguish very fine differences. 101 Fact: "Firearms that generate markings on cartridge casings can change with use and can also be readily altered by the users. They are not permanently defined like fingerprints or DNA." 102 Fact: "Automated computer matching systems do not provide conclusive results. 103 Fact: Because bullets are severely damaged on impact, they can only be examined manually. 104 Fact: Not all firearms generate markings on cartridge casings that can be identified back to the firearm. 105 Fact: The same gun will produce different markings on bullets and casings, and different guns can produce similar markings. 106 Additionally, the type of ammunition actually used in a crime could differ from the type used when the gun was originally test-fired -- a difference that could lead to significant error in suggesting possible matches. 107 Fact: The rifle used in the Martin Luther King assassination was test fired 18 times under court supervision, and the results showed that no two bullets were marked alike. 108 Every test bullet was different because it was going over plating created by the previous bullet. Fact: "The common layman seems to believe that two bullets fired from the same weapon are identical, down to the very last striation placed on them by the weapon. The trained firearms examiner knows how far that is from reality." 109 101 Ballistic Imaging, Daniel Cork, John Rolph, Eugene Meieran, Carol Petrie, National Research Council, 2008. 102 Feasibility of a Ballistics Imaging Database for All New Handgun Sales, Frederic Tulleners, California Department of Justice, Bureau of Forensic Services, October, 2001 (henceforth FBID). 103 Ibid. 104 Ibid. 105 Ibid. 106 Handbook of Firearms & Ballistics: Examining and Interpreting Forensic Evidence, Heard, 1997. 107 Ballistic Imaging, Daniel Cork, John Rolph, Eugene Meieran, Carol Petrie, National Research Council, 2008. 108 Ballistics 'fingerprinting' not foolproof, Baltimore Sun, October 15, 2002. 109 AFTE Journal, George G. Krivosta, Winter 2006 edition, Suffolk County Crime Laboratory, Hauppauge, New York. Gun Facts Version 5.1 Page 18

Myth: A database of ballistic profiles will allow police to trace gun crimes Fact: The National Research Council deemed a national ballistics database as impractical due to practical limitations of current technology for generating and comparing images of ballistic markings. 110 Fact: Maryland s ballistics database is not doing anything 111 and has not met the mission statement of the state police." 112 In the first five years of implementation, it failed to lead to any criminal arrest or convictions, despite collecting over 80,000 specimens at a cost of $2,567,633. 113 Fact: More than 70% of armed career criminals get their guns from "off-the-street sales" and "criminal acts" such as burglaries 114, and 71% of these firearms are stolen. 115 Tracing these firearms will not lead to the criminals, as the trail stops at the last legal owner. Fact: Computer image matching of cartridges fails between 38-62% of the time, depending on whether the cartridges are from the same or different manufacturers. 116 Fact: Automated computer matching systems do not provide conclusive results" requiring that potential candidates be manually reviewed". 117 Fact: Criminals currently remove serial numbers from stolen guns to hide their origin. The same simple shop tools can change a ballistic profile within minutes. The minor alteration required less than 5 minutes of labor. 118 Criminals will make changing ballistic profiles part of their standard procedures. Myth: Ballistic imaging is used in Maryland and New York and solves many crimes Fact: Not so far. Neither New York nor Maryland has reported a single prosecution 119, 120, 121 based on matched casings or bullets. The cost for this lack of success in Maryland exceeds $2,500,000 a year, and in New York it exceeds $4,000,000. 110 Ballistic Imaging, Daniel Cork, John Rolph, Eugene Meieran, Carol Petrie, National Research Council, 2008. 111 Maryland State Police Report Recommends Suspending Ballistics ID System,Col. Thomas E. Hutchins, the state police superintendent, WBAL-TV web site, January 17, 2005. 112 Sgt. Thornnie Rouse, Maryland State police spokesman, Ibid. 113 MD-IBIS Progress Report #2, Maryland State Police Forensic Sciences Division, September 2004. 114 Protecting America, Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms, 1992. 115 Armed and Considered Dangerous, U.S. Department of Justice, 1986. 116 Feasibility of a Ballistics Imaging Database for All New Handgun Sales, Frederic Tulleners, California Department of Justice, Bureau of Forensic Services, October, 2001. 117 Ibid. 118 Ibid. 119 NY ballistic database firing blanks?, Associated Press, June 3, 2004. Gun Facts Version 5.1 Page 19

Fact: In Syracuse, the police have submitted fewer than 400 handguns for ballistic testing over a three-year span because the system is inefficient. 122 Myth: A ballistic database is inexpensive to create/maintain Fact:... a huge inventory [of possible matches] will be generated for manual review. [The] number of candidate cases will be so large as to be impractical and will likely create logistic complications so great that they cannot be effectively addressed. 123 Myth: Police want a ballistic database Fact: The National Fraternal Order of Police does not support any Federal requirement to register privately owned firearms with the Federal government, the group said. And, even if such a database is limited to firearms manufactured in the future, the cost to create and maintain such a system, with such small chances that it would be used to solve a firearm crime, suggests to the F.O.P. that these are law enforcement dollars best spent elsewhere. 124 Fact: We in law enforcement know it will not, does not, cannot work. Then, no one has considered the hundreds of millions of guns in the US that have never been registered or tested or printed. 125 Fact: One, the barrel is one of the most easily changed parts of many guns and two, the barrel, and the signature it leaves on a bullet, is constantly changing." 126 120 Ballistics 'fingerprinting' not foolproof, Baltimore Sun, October 15, 2002. 121 Townsend backs New Rule on Sale of Assault Rifles, Washington Post, October 30, 2002. 122 400 guns wait to be traced by Syracuse police, The Post-Standard, December 8, 2002. 123 Ballistics 'fingerprinting' not foolproof, Baltimore Sun, October 15, 2002. 124 F.O.P. Viewpoint: Ballistics Imaging and Comparison Technology, FOP Grand Lodge, October 2002. 125 Joe Horn, Detective, Retired.. Los Angeles County Sheriff's Dept., Small Arms Expert. 126 Ted Deeds, chief operating officer of The Law Enforcement Alliance of America, Dodge Globe, Oct 24, 2002. Gun Facts Version 5.1 Page 20

MICROSTAMPING Background: Microstamping is a proposed means for imprinting unique serial numbers onto cartridges fired from a gun. Similar to ballistic fingerprinting, it allegedly helps police identify what firearm might have been used in a crime. Microstamping uses precision equipment to remove microscopic amounts of metal from the tip of the firing pin Myth: Independent testing by forensic technologists shows the Micro stamped Serial Number technology is reliable Fact: Firing pins are readily removable and swappable in most models of handguns, and inexpensive replacement parts. Criminals who file down serial numbers on the sides of guns won t hesitate to file or exchange firing pins. Fact: 46% of impressions ranked as unsatisfactory (i.e., illegible) after only ten rounds. 127 Fact: Reloaded ammo (which is extremely common due to the economics of recycling casings and home reloading tools) will make prosecuting cases nearly impossible once the reloaded ammo defense is raised. A case may have two or more markings, making the final shooter impossible to identify. Myth: Filing the firing pin will make the gun inoperable Fact: Firing pins are designed to be pushed deeply into the primer (igniter) of the round. The depth of the engraving (approximately 0.005 inch) 128 is vastly smaller than the tolerance of the firing pins drive depth. Fact: In a test, the engravings were removed using a 50-year-old knife sharpening stone in less than a minute. The firearm still operated correctly after the filing. 129 Fact: Even if a criminal does not file down the firing pin, they might retrieve spent cartridges. If they use a revolver, the cartridges stay with the firearm and are rarely recovered by police. Myth: The cost per firearm will be cheap Fact: The National Shooting Sports Foundation, the representative for firearm manufactures, estimates the cost will be upwards of $150 per firearm, more than tripling the price of self-protection and making it unaffordable for low-income people. 130 The 127 NanoTag TM Markings From Another Perspective, George G. Krivosta, Suffolk County Crime Laboratory, Hauppauge, New York, Winter 2006 edition of the AFTE Journal 128 Ibid 129 Ibid 130 Etched bullets interest law enforcement, The Record, September 25, 2006 Gun Facts Version 5.1 Page 21